初中英語句子成分分析

句子成分主語謂語賓語賓語補足語表語定語狀語主語：是說明人或物，是句子的主體，一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中作主語。此外，動名詞，動詞不定式也可以作主語。例子：1）Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.(名詞)2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代詞)3）Twoandsixiseight.(數(shù)詞)4）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(動名詞)5）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式)6）Whatweshalldoisnotdecided.(從句)謂語：說明主語的動作和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后1）Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember(實義動詞）2）Herfatherisanengineer.(系動詞)3）Itsmellsgreat.(?)賓語：指動作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物動詞或介詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子常用作動詞賓語或介詞賓語。此外動詞不定式可用作動詞賓語，動名詞和賓語從句也可以用作動詞賓語或介詞賓語如：Hewrotemanyplays.他寫了許多劇本。Shelovesswimming.她喜歡游泳。Shelooksathermother.她看著她媽媽。YouknowwhatIwant.你知道我要什么。賓語補足語：用來對賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓語補語，一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語及動詞不定式、分詞等充當。Hetoldustostay.

他叫我們留下。I’veneverseenherdancing.

我從未看見過她跳舞。Ifounditdifficulttorefusehim.我感到很難拒絕他。Thenewsmakeherhappy.消息讓她開心。表語：表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞和表語從句或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當，位于連系動詞之后，與連系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語Becareful!小心!Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生氣。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任務(wù)是看羊。定語：對名詞或代詞進行修飾、限制或說明名詞或代詞的成分是定語。單詞作定語時，通常放在他所修飾的名詞之前，但在修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）時，則放在這些不定代詞之后。短語和從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞、非謂語動詞、動詞不定式、分詞和定語從句及句子等充當。It’saninterestingstory.那是一個有趣的故事。Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有時間幫助我們嗎?Whoisthewomancrying?正在哭的女人是誰?Sheisagirlwholovesflowers.她是個愛花的女孩。ThisisabookIboughtyesterday.這是我昨天買的書。狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等的成分是狀語，修飾形容詞的狀語通常放在它所修飾的形容詞之前，修飾動詞的狀語通常放在動詞之后。但有些副詞（如：always，often等）作狀語時，則放在行為動詞之前。一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語、名詞詞組、動詞不定式短語、分詞短語或狀語從句充當。如WelikeEnglishverymuch.我們非常喜歡英語。HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。Maryrunsquickly.瑪麗跑得很快。WhenIwin,Iwilljumpupanddown.(時間狀語從句)Ifyouaresick,youmustgotoseeadoctor.（地點狀語從句）詳見課本P112和P113.同位語若兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且，句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項稱為前一項的同位語。ThisismyfriendHarry.這是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Theboy,calledJack,wasbornin1999.叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如何確定一個單詞在句子中的詞類和成分？

在英語中，一個單詞往往屬于幾種詞類，因而詞義和在句中的作用也就有所不同。在英譯漢時，如何正確理解某詞的詞類、詞義和作用;在漢譯英時，如何正確使用某詞表達某義，除了必要時查閱詞典外，更重要的是要掌握正確的分析方法。----應(yīng)根據(jù)一個詞在句中的位置、與其他詞的關(guān)系以及在句中的作用來確定其詞類、詞義和在句中的成分。(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分，4分鐘)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(二).

選出句中謂語的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

三)

挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表語

(5分，5分鐘)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

(五)

挑出下列句中的定語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name?

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，

8分鐘）

①

There

was

a

big

smile