必修5unit1詞匯講解

NewWords1.characteristicn.特征，特性

adj.特有的，典型的charactern.個(gè)性，人格；特點(diǎn)，特色；人物，角色；符號(hào)，文字Chinesecharacters漢字

tohaveastrong/weakcharacterThisbookanalyzesMrs.Obama'scharacter.characteristicgeneticcharacteristics遺傳特征putforward意為提出(計(jì)劃、建議等)。2.putforward

①Heputforwardaverygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.他在會(huì)上提了一個(gè)很好的建議。②Thesuggestionputforwardbyourteacherprovedtobeverypractical.由我們的老師提出的建議證明是非常實(shí)用的。⑤Hecameupwithagoodideaatthemeeting.他在會(huì)上提出了一個(gè)好主意。⑥Thequestioncameupatthemeeting.這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上被提出。翻譯句子(1)他拒絕了總經(jīng)理提出的所有提議。___________________________________________答案：Herejectedalltheproposalsputforwardbythegeneralmanager.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空(1)Theplanthatyouput________atthemeetingiswonderful.(2)Manytallbuildingswereput________alongtheroad.(3)Firefightershavebeencalledtoput________thefireinthecitycentre.(4)Hehasalittlemoneytoput________forarainyday.(5)Don’tput________untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.forwardupoutasideoff3.conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束。它的動(dòng)詞形式是conclude

結(jié)束，推斷出

①Itisdifficulttodrawaclearconclusion.很難得出一個(gè)清楚的結(jié)論。②Youshouldbringthemattertoanearlyconclusion.你應(yīng)該把事情早日了結(jié)。歸納拓展drawaconclusion=arriveat/cometo/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion=inaword總而言之e.g.Hedrewtheconclusionwiththesupportingevidenceandpresenteditattheconference.他用有力的證據(jù)得出這個(gè)結(jié)論，并在會(huì)議上展示。<補(bǔ)>presentadj.出席的，到場(chǎng)的；目前的，現(xiàn)存的；v.頒發(fā)，授予，贈(zèng)送；提出，陳述，提供n.禮物，贈(zèng)品，目前，現(xiàn)在

defeatvt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫

n．失敗①Thearmydefeatedtheenemyintheend.軍隊(duì)最終戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。②TomsuffereddefeatintheEnglishexamination.湯姆英語(yǔ)考試中失敗了。Defeathitbeatstrike1.defeat和beat(-beat-beat)屬一組同義詞，它們的賓語(yǔ)必須是人或一個(gè)集體，如ateam,aclass,anschool,anarmy。defeat尤指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人；beat是游戲比賽的專詞。defeat和beat屬本義用法，如將它們互換也是可以的如：Webeattheirteamby10points.我們贏了他們隊(duì)分2.beat-beat-beaten1）“連續(xù)的敲擊”,如:beatdrums敲鼓;Beattheirwings.拍翅膀；Therainingisbeatingagainstthewidow.雨點(diǎn)拍窗戶Myheartbeatfastatthesightofhim.心臟跳動(dòng)。2）“打敗(某人)”=defeat3.hit(-hit-hit)“打中”或“對(duì)準(zhǔn)……來(lái)打”，著重敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn)。1)hitsbonhead/nose2)Hitsongs=popularsongs4.strike(-struck-struck/stricken)1)強(qiáng)調(diào)用木棒、石頭等的打(與hit用法接近，=hithard);Hestruckthemanwithastick.Strikewhiletheironishot.[諺]2)碰上；突然想到（主意、構(gòu)想等）Istruckontheideayesterday.Agoodideastruckme.3)造成深刻的印象;Iwasstruckbyitsbeauty.4)+for/against罷工;Theyarestrikingforbetterworkingconditions.5)(時(shí)鐘)敲報(bào)(時(shí)間);(用樂(lè)器)敲響(聲音)Theclockstruckeight./strikeanoteonthepiano6)擦火柴（點(diǎn)火）strikeamatch/lightstrikeamatchofconversation引出話題牛刀小試(2011年白鷺洲高二檢測(cè))Icouldheartherain________againstthewindows.A．strikingB．defeatingC．beatingD．hitting解析：選C。本題考查相似動(dòng)詞的辨析。句意為“我能聽到雨擊打著窗戶”。雨擊打窗戶有連續(xù)不斷之意，故用beat。提示：心跳也用beat。expertadj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的n．專家；行家。

①Alltheyoungmenareexpertplayers.所有這些年輕人都是熟練的隊(duì)員。anagriculturalexpert農(nóng)業(yè)專家Tomisexpertinwritingreports.＝Tomisanexpertinwritingreports.湯姆很善于寫報(bào)告。attendattendvt.出席，參加；照顧；護(hù)理。作“照顧；護(hù)理”講時(shí)，可用attend，也可用attendon/upon。attend(on)apatient看護(hù)病人歸納拓展②Attendtoyourworkandstoptalking.專心工作，不要說(shuō)話。③Anurseattendedtohisneedsconstantly.有一位護(hù)士經(jīng)常照料他的需要。④“Areyoubeingattendedto，sir？”askedtheshopassistant.售貨員問(wèn)到：“有人接待你嗎？”牛刀小試(2011年嘉興高二檢測(cè))MyheartwasfilledwithgladnessbecauseIwasableto________myparents.A．intendB．careC．concernD．a(chǎn)ttend解析：選D。本題考查相似動(dòng)詞的辨析。根據(jù)句意“因?yàn)槟苷疹櫢改肝倚睦锍錆M喜悅”可知答案為D。attend在這里意為“照顧，照料”；intend意圖；care在意，在乎；concern關(guān)注。5Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通老百姓時(shí)，他就會(huì)感到振奮。品味經(jīng)典①Shealwaysexposeherskintodirectsunlight.她總是使皮膚直接暴露于陽(yáng)光下。②Ithreatentoexposehim(tothepolice)．我威脅要(向警察)揭發(fā)。③Don’texposethefilmtolight.不要使照片曝光。④Heexposedtheplantothatnewspaper.他向那家報(bào)紙透露了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。⑤Hewasexposedtowindandrain.他遭受了風(fēng)吹雨打。自我探究exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受(危險(xiǎn)等)；使接觸到……。歸納拓展【助記】牛刀小試用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)______________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.答案：Beingexposed(2)______________(expose)tosunfortoomuchtime，youwillgetsunburnt.答案：Exposed6Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。品味經(jīng)典①Thereisnoknowncurebuttheillnesscanbetreated.這種病尚沒(méi)有確切的治愈方法，但可以醫(yī)治。acureforadisease醫(yī)治某種病的藥/療法自我探究curen．[C，U]意為治愈；療法。歸納拓展②Thismedicinewillcureyouofyourheadache.這種藥可治好你的頭疼。

③Hewascuredofhishabitofdrinkinglastyear.他去年已改掉喝酒的壞習(xí)慣了。牛刀小試用treat，cure填空(1)Whichdoctorisgoingto________himforhisillness?答案：treat(2)Thisnewmedicinesoon________mycold.答案：cure完成句子(3)WhenIlefthospital______________(我完全痊愈了)．答案：Iwascompletelycured(4)Thisjob________________(將會(huì)治好他的懶病)．答案：willcurehimofhislaziness7Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。品味經(jīng)典①Cottonglovesabsorbsweat.棉手套吸汗。②Somanygoodideas!It’stoomuchformetoabsorballatonce.這么多好主意！太多了，我很難一下子完全吸收。③Theoldmanwascompletelyabsorbedinthebook.老人全神貫注地讀這本書。自我探究absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心?！局洝繗w納拓展(1)absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意(2)o...吸收……到……；吞并(3)beabsorbedin(doing)sth.＝putone’sheartinto(doing)sth.＝beburiedin(doing)sth.＝fixone’sattentionon...專心于(做)某事，全神貫注于(做)某事④Thesurroundingsmalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.四周的小城鎮(zhèn)已并入這座城市。⑤HewassoabsorbedinwatchingTVthathedidn’tnoticemecomingin.他如此專心地看電視，以至于沒(méi)有注意到我進(jìn)來(lái)。牛刀小試(2011年長(zhǎng)沙高二檢測(cè))WhenIentered，Ifoundmyfather________onthesofaand________inamagazine.A．sitting；absorbedB．sit；absorbC．sitting；absorbingD．sat；absorbed解析：選A。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞sit與father之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞absorb與father之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即父親被雜志所吸引，故用過(guò)去分詞。8JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.約翰·斯諾推測(cè)第二種說(shuō)法是正確的，但需要有證據(jù)。品味經(jīng)典①Wesuspecthermotives.我們懷疑她的動(dòng)機(jī)。②Thepolicequizzedthesuspect.警察盤問(wèn)了這個(gè)嫌疑犯。自我探究suspectvt.懷疑，認(rèn)為是；n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯。歸納拓展③Shesuspectedhimoftakingherwatch.她懷疑他拿走了她的手表。④Wesuspectedhimtobeill.我們猜想他病了。⑤Ibegantosuspect(that)theyweretryingtogetridofme.我開始懷疑他們?cè)噲D擺脫我。易混辨析牛刀小試(2011年泰州高二檢測(cè))Sometimesthepolicearenotabsolutelysurethatsomeonehascommittedacrime，but________himofhavingdoneit.A．chargeB．suspectC．inspectD．doubt解析：選B。charge與with搭配，構(gòu)成chargesb.withsth.指控某人犯有某種罪行；suspectsb.ofsth.認(rèn)為某人有……的嫌疑；inspect視察，檢查；doubt懷疑。9Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。品味?jīng)典①EitherheorIamtoblame.該受責(zé)備的不是他就是我。自我探究blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)

n．[U]過(guò)失；責(zé)備。歸納拓展②Youshouldn’tblameJohnforthefailure.＝Y(jié)oushouldn’tblamethefailureonJohn.你們不應(yīng)該把這次失敗怪在約翰頭上。③ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.許多孩子害怕講英語(yǔ)時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而受責(zé)備。④Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoistoblameforthespoiledchild.是你丈夫而不是你該為這個(gè)被寵壞了的孩子負(fù)責(zé)。品味經(jīng)典①Thenheturnedthehandleandwentin.然后他轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手，走了進(jìn)去。自我探究handlen．意為把手。歸納拓展②Doyouknowhowtohandlethecomputer?你知道怎樣使用這臺(tái)電腦嗎？③Somecustomersarequitedifficulttohandle.有些顧客很難對(duì)付。易混辨析handle，dealwith④Whocanbesthandletheproblem?誰(shuí)能把這個(gè)問(wèn)題處理得最好？⑤Don’tworry，Mr.Smith.It’salreadybeendealtwith.別擔(dān)心，史密斯先生，問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。11InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從兩個(gè)與布洛德街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中找到了有力的證據(jù)。品味經(jīng)典①Forcenturiesfarmershavelinkedthebehaviorofanimalstochangesintheweather.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)農(nóng)民們一直把動(dòng)物行為與天氣變化聯(lián)系在一起。自我探究link...to...意為將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)。歸納拓展②ThenewtunnellinksBritaintoFrance.新的隧道把英法兩國(guó)連接起來(lái)。③Theislandislinkedto/withthemainlandbyanewbridge.一座新橋?qū)⒃搷u與大陸相連。牛刀小試完成句子(1)證據(jù)顯示約翰與這起槍擊案有關(guān)。EvidenceshowsthatJohn______________theshooting.答案：islinkedto(2)科學(xué)家們想知道我們是如何把詞語(yǔ)與物體聯(lián)系起來(lái)的。Scientistswanttoknowhowwe________words________objects.答案：link；to(3)航天飛機(jī)將于今天下午和太空站對(duì)接。Thespaceshuttlewill____________withthespacestationthisafternoon.答案：linkup12WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.有了這個(gè)額外的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶有這種病毒。品味經(jīng)典①Thevotewascompleted.Thechairmanannouncedtheresult.投票完畢，主席宣布了結(jié)果。②Theteacherannouncedthattherewouldbenoschooltomorrow.老師通知說(shuō)明天沒(méi)有課。自我探究announcevt.宣布；通告。歸納拓展注意：announce后不接雙賓語(yǔ)。③ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.這則消息經(jīng)由電視向大眾宣布。④Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.機(jī)長(zhǎng)宣布飛機(jī)就要著陸了。⑤ItisannouncedthatsheisgoingtoJapannextweek.據(jù)悉下個(gè)星期她要去日本。⑥Attention，please!Ihaveanannouncementtomake.大家請(qǐng)注意，我有事要通知。易混辨析announce，declare⑦JohnannouncedtoushisengagementtoMary.約翰向我們宣布他和瑪麗訂婚的消息。⑧In1897theydeclaredthattheybelievedtherewassomethinginnaturewhichgaveoutradiation.1897年他們宣布他們相信在自然界存在著能發(fā)出輻射的某種東西。⑨Theydeclaredhim(tobe)atraitortothecountry.他們公開宣布他是國(guó)家的叛徒。牛刀小試用announce，declare的正確形式填空(1)Thegovernmenthas________planstocreate10,000newjobs.(2)InApriltheAmericans________waronGermanyandenteredthewar.答案：(1)announced

(2)declared單項(xiàng)填空(3)Alltheleadingnewspapers________thetradetalksbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.A．reportedB．printedC．a(chǎn)nnouncedD．published解析：選A。本題考查詞義相似的動(dòng)詞的辨析。句意：所有的主要報(bào)紙都報(bào)道了中美之間的貿(mào)易談判。報(bào)道應(yīng)用report。announce公布；print印刷；publish出版，都不合題意。13Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.自來(lái)水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。品味經(jīng)典①HewasinstructedtosailforNewYork.他奉命前往紐約。歸納拓展instructvt.意為命令；指示；教導(dǎo)。歸納拓展(1)instructsb.todosth.命令/指示某人做某事instructsb.insth.給某人講授某事；指導(dǎo)某人某事(2)instructionn．教授；指導(dǎo)；(pl.)用法說(shuō)明(書)，操作指南instructiveadj.說(shuō)明性的，指示性的，有教育意義的instructorn．輔導(dǎo)員，講師②Heinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomer.他吩咐我把東西送去給顧客。③Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一個(gè)班的歷史。④Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthetelephone.她教我使用電話。牛刀小試單項(xiàng)填空(1)Alwaysreadthe________onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A．explanationsB．instructionsC．descriptionsD．introductions解析：選B。句意為：仔細(xì)閱讀瓶子上的使用說(shuō)明，適量用藥。explanation解釋，講解；introduction用法說(shuō)明，操作指南；description描述，描寫；introduction介紹。完成句子(2)____________________(我得到指示)towaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.答案：I’vebeeninstructed14Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。句型巧析品味經(jīng)典①NeithershenorIamgoodatEnglish.她和我都不擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。②Thechildrenareneitherintheroomnorinthegarden.孩子們既不在屋里，也不在花園里。③Heneitherdrinks，smokes，noreatsmeat.他不喝酒、不抽煙，也不吃肉。自我探究neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成分，如果連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取就近一致原則。歸納拓展牛刀小試(1)Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason，and________.A．IwasneitherB．neitherwasIC．IwaseitherD．eitherwasI解析：選B。句意：Bill對(duì)Jason推遲提交報(bào)告這件事表示不高興，我也不高興。根據(jù)題意可知，我也不(高興)，“neither/nor＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋sb.”表示“某人也不(同意或贊成上文的觀點(diǎn))”，易把either看作neither，無(wú)eitherwasI句式，故選B。(2)IfJoe’swifedoesn’tgototheparty，________.A．hewilleitherB．neitherwillheC．heneitherwillD．eitherhewill解析：選B?？疾楣潭ň湫?。句意：如果Joe的妻子不參加晚會(huì)，他也不參加?！皀either＋系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它須與否定句連用。15Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次霍亂爆發(fā)時(shí)，就有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。品味經(jīng)典①EverytimeIwenttoBeijing，IwouldvisittheGreatWall.我每次去北