初三中考閱讀講解

中考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測與推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練Aims閱讀理解中詞義猜測技能訓(xùn)練

Guessingskills2.閱讀理解中推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練

Inferringskills詞義猜測技能訓(xùn)練題型特點：1、根據(jù)語境猜測生詞、短語、句子的意思，或者推斷熟詞生義;2、根據(jù)語境判斷代詞指代的內(nèi)容。標(biāo)志性詞匯：underlinedwordmeanreferto(指的是)bereplacedbytaketheplaceofbetheclosestmeaningto

題干形式：1.Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“___”.2.Theunderlinedword“…”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto____.3.What’sthemeaningoftheword“…”inthepassage?4.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4probablyrefersto____.5.Thephrase“…”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby____.詞義猜測解題技巧猜上下文經(jīng)驗常識構(gòu)詞法定義Areyouready?1.Alinguist,anexpertonlanguages,isalwayslistening.4.Travelersindesertsalwaysbringwiththemcompasses,akindofveryhelpfulinstrumentsthathelpthemtoknowthedirections.3.IhavefoundLucy’squitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomemoneytohim.4.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisfriends,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.詞義猜測例題-1語言學(xué)家（定義）指南針（常識）慷慨的（上下文）不能通行的構(gòu)詞法Youcandoit!1.Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.jobB.studyC.nameD.interest.2.Heansweredquickly,butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.A.carefulB.hardC.goodD.quick詞義猜測例題-2Pair-work

SammieWelchwastravelingwithherthree-year-oldsonRylanfromBirminghamtoPlymouthlastThursday.Shetriedtokeephimhappyonthejourney.“Hewaseatinghisdinner!Wewerelaughingatthefactthathekeptcallinghisgrapesstrawberries,”MsWelchsaid.“Henormallygetsquiteboredandrowdyonlongtrains.SowewereplayingtogetherandIwastryingtokeephimhappyandquietasmuchasIcould.”Theunderlinedword“rowdy”inthefirstparagraphmaymean_________.A.upsetB.noisyC.luckyD.smart詞義猜測例題-3詞義猜測技巧小結(jié)猜上下文經(jīng)驗常識構(gòu)詞法定義推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練題型特點：推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對文章言外之意的理解.一般根據(jù)已知的材料，推斷深層次或未知的信息。標(biāo)志性詞匯：(1).實意動詞：infer(推斷)

imply/suggest(暗示)

conclude(推理)intend(打算，意圖)purpose(目的)learnmean

describe

(2).表示推測的情態(tài)動詞：can，could，might，would(3).表示可能性的副詞：probably，mostlikely

推理判斷題的主要類型推斷隱含意義推斷文章出處推斷情緒情感推斷觀點態(tài)度推斷作者讀者推斷寫作目的1.推斷隱含意義

根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。題干形式：1.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.2.Whatcanbeinferred(推論)fromParagraph3?3.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply(暗示)?4.Itcanbeconcluded(得出結(jié)論)that_____.推理判斷技能-1

解題方法：1.找到相關(guān)信息點；2.理解信息點的字面意義；3.結(jié)合語境，進(jìn)行邏輯推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。

干擾項特點：1.似是而非：只是對原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，而不是依據(jù)文章提供的事實推斷出來的結(jié)論。2.夸大事實：夸大文章的事實或證據(jù)。3.推理過度：選項過于絕對化或片面化，有時出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語，結(jié)論不符合邏輯。4.摻入常識；選項根據(jù)常識是正確的，但不是文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。

Haveatry!Bodylanguageisthemostpowerfullanguageofall.Ourbodymovementsexpressabout50%ofwhatwereallymean.Andwordsthemselvesonlydo7%.Sowhileyourmouthisclosed,itisyourbodylanguagethatisexpressing.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theimportanceofbodylanguage.B.Thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.C.Thebestwaytocommunicatewithothers.D.Howtoavoidmakingmistakesattheoffice.推斷隱含意義例題2.推斷觀點態(tài)度

推斷作者對某事或某人的看法或觀點態(tài)度。

題干形式：1.Accordingtotheauthor,_______.2.Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is_______.3.Whatistheauthor’sopinionof…?4.Howdidthewriterthinkof/feelabout…?

推理判斷技能-2

解題方法:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和作者的措辭推斷其觀點態(tài)度是positive(肯定的)、negative(否定的)、subjective(主觀的)、objective(客觀的)、complaining(抱怨的)、regretful(后悔的)、admiring(贊賞的)、critical(批評的)、dissatisfied(不滿意的)、respectful(有禮貌的)、disapproving(反對的)

、doubtful(懷疑的)干擾項特點：

干擾項符合某些考生的觀點或看法，但文中沒有信息支持；

干擾項與文章無關(guān)或與作者的觀點相反。切忌：主觀臆斷Yes，Ican!Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutisrobbery,disasters,anddeath.Tobehonest,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Thiswriteris_____thenewspaperreporting.A.pleasedwithB.patientwithC.notsatisfiedwithD.notangrywith推斷觀點態(tài)度例題3.推斷情緒情感

推斷作者或文中人物在某種特定情境下的情感狀態(tài)。

題干形式：1.Howdidtheauthorfeelabout…?2.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafter…?3.Whatdosbthinkofsth?

解題方法：1.注意勾畫出表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞；2.作者當(dāng)時的情感狀態(tài)可能是：happy、excited、proud、surprised/shocked、worried、upset、frightful、regretful.3.要站在作者或文中人物的角度，設(shè)身處地體會其真實情感。

推理判斷技能-3Wecanmakeit!

Johnstonneverforgotawonderfulrideinthemountains.TheridewaschallengingforJohnston,Hehadlittleexperienceonahorseandhelostbothlegs,buthesaidhefeltgreat.Johnston’shorsewascalledSplash.JohnstonsoondiscoveredthatSplashwouldwalkawaywhenhewantedtogetonhim.Itmadehimangry.Johnstonlearnedtogetalongwithhim.ThenSplashbecamemuchmorewillingtoserve.“Hewastheperfecthorseforme.Itriedmybesttoridehimintheday.”Johnstonsaid.WhatdidJohnstonthinkofhisexperience?A.WonderfulB.BoringC.DangerousD.Disappointing.推斷情緒情感例題-1

YaleUniversity(耶魯大學(xué))wantedtokickout(開除)ahistorystudentbecausesheistoothin.ThegirlisfromNewJersey,WhosenameisFrancesChan.Sheisn’ttallandweighs90pounds.Theuniversityaskedhertofeedherselfonchocolateandicecreammoresothatshecangetsomeweightsoon.Theweightofthebodyshouldnotbetheonlywaytobalancepeople’shealthinlife.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofYaleUniversity’sdecision?A.UnfairB.CommonC.InterestingD.Right.推斷情緒情感例題-24.推斷寫作目的

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的或意圖；在理解故事大意的基礎(chǔ)上提煉故事的寓意。題干形式：1.Theauthorintendsto______.2.Thepassageisintendedto______.3.Thepurposeofthepassage/textisto____.4.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_______.5.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?6.Whichoftheseoldsayingsbestsuitsthestory’slessonforus?7.Whichproverbbestmatchesthestory?推理判斷技能-4解題方法：1.主旨推斷法：主題句(topicsentence)最能體現(xiàn)文章的主旨，多半在首尾段或首尾句。2.文體推斷法：記敘文—使讀者發(fā)笑或產(chǎn)生愉悅感(toentertainreaders)；夾敘夾議文—讓讀者得到某種啟示或受到某種教育；廣告或議論文—說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(topersuadereaders)；科普說明文或新聞報道—告知讀者某些信息(toinformreaders)

Ifoundtherewasahomelessmaninthestreet.Iaskedhimwhathewantedtohavefordinner.Hereplied,“Breadandabottleofwater”.Iranintothestoreandboughtabigbagofbreadandabottleofwater.Ihandedthemtohim.Hissmilehasbeeninmmindeversince.Tilltoday,Istillhaven’tforgottenthatman’ssmile.IwishIhadthecouragetodothismoreoften.Onesmallactioncanbeginarippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))ofkindness.Soplease,shareasmileanddosomethingkindforthepeopleinneed.Thestorycallsthereadersto____.A.helpthoseinneedB.lookfortheirdreamsC.valuewhattheyhaveD.facedifficultiesbravely推斷寫作目的例題5.推斷文章出處

推斷所選文段可能來自何處。

題干形式：Thepassage/textismostlikelytobetakenfrom_______.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?推理判斷技能-5

解題方法：從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處。1.報紙：文段前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱；2.廣告：用詞和格式特殊；3.雜志：美食、旅游、身體健康方面的信息。HowtoLimitScreenTimeandGetMovingStepawayfromthescreen.DoctorscallwatchingTVorplayingvideogamesscreentime.Youshouldhavenomorethantwohoursofscreentimeaday.Youwillenjoylifemoreifyouliveitinsteadofwatchingit!Choosefoodcarefully.Helpyourfimilyshopforhealthyfood.Readthelabels(標(biāo)簽).Lookforhealthyfoods.Eatlotsoffruitsandvegetables.Stopbuyingsoftdrinksandjunkfoods.Youwillfeelbetterifyoueatright.Exercisewithothers.Findafriendoffamilymembertoexerciseofplaywithyou.Youwillhavemorefunandithelps

keepyouresponsibleforgoing.Wheremightyoufindthispassage?()A.InastoryB.InamagazineC.InaplayD.Inaspeech.推斷文章出處例題6.推斷作者讀者

推斷出文章作者的身份或職業(yè)；或推斷這篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。

題干形式：1.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?2.Whoprobablywrotetheletter/thispassage?3.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor______.4.Whomight