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初中英語復(fù)習(xí)課thePassiveVoice一、什么是被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)作的承受者做主語am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedonecan/may/must/should/bedone一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):一般過去時(shí):一般將來時(shí):帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí):
二、幾種常見的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞的過去式與過去分詞動(dòng)詞原形,過去式,過去分詞。
1.一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。play-played
2.以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d。live-lived3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed.study-studied
4.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加-ed。Stop-stoppedplan-planned
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。
go-wentbuy-bought不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式、過去分詞歸類表(1)
AAA型(動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形)
cost(花費(fèi))
cost
costcut(割)
cut
cut
hit(打)
hit
hit
hurt
傷害)
hurt
hurt
let(讓)
let
let
put(放)
put
put
read
(讀)
read
read
spread
(傳播)spread
spread
(2)
AAB型(動(dòng)詞原形與過去式同形)
beat(跳動(dòng))
beat
beaten(3)
ABA型
become(變成)became
become
come(來)
came
come
run(跑)
ran
run
(4)
ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形)dig(挖)
dug
dug
get(得到)
got
gothang(吊死)
hanged
hanged
hang(懸掛)
hung
hunghold(抓?。?/p>
held
heldsit(坐)
sat
satwin
(贏)
won
wonmeet(遇見)
met
met
(5)
ABC型(動(dòng)詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形)1begin(開始)began
begun
drink(喝)
drank
drunk
ring(鈴響)
rang
rungsing
(唱)
sang
sung
swim(游泳)
swam
swum
blow(吹)
blew
blowndraw
(畫)
drew
drawnfly(飛)
flew
flown
grow(生長)
grew
grown
know(知道)
knew
known
throw(投擲)threw
thrown
show(出示)
showed
shown1.They
make
shoes
inthatfactory.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Shoes
aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)S(主語)+am/is/are+過去分詞1.TheyplayfootballonSunday.2.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3.Theydon’toftenusecomputersinclass.4.DoyoumakethesemachinesinBeijing?FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersaren’toftenusedbytheminclass.ArethesemachinesmadeinBeijing?2.They
bought
tencomputers
lastterm.Tencomputers
werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí):S+was/were+過去分詞1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Didyoucleantheclassroomjustnow?4.Theydidn’tusethisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Wastheclassroomcleanedbyusjustnow?Thisroomwasn’tusedforrestingbythem.3.They
will
finish
thework
intendays.Thework
will
befinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí):S+will+be+過去分詞1.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2.Childrenwon’ttakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.3.Willtheheadmastergiveatalkthisafternoon?Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswon’tbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Willatalkbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon?翻譯句子1我的房間每天都被清洗2我的房間昨天被清洗了3我的房間明天將會(huì)被清洗4我的房間應(yīng)該被清洗MyroomiscleanedeverydayMyroomwascleanedyesterdayMyroomwillbecleanedtomorrowMyroomshouldbecleanedExercise:把下面的句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.Computers_____________bytheminclass.2.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Ourclassroom___________byusjustnow.3.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Atalk___________bytheheadmasterthisafternoon.areoftenusedwascleanedwillbegiven四、Putthefollowingintopassivevoice:1.Icanfinishmyhomeworkeveryday.
Myhomeworkcanbefinished
bymeeveryday.2.Didtheybuymanyflowers?
Weremanyflowersbought
bythem?3.Hedoesn’toftenreadEnglish.
Englishisn’toftenread
byhim.4.Theytoldusnottogothere.
Weweretoldnottogotherebythem.
完成跟蹤練習(xí)1,2,3,41.在hear,see,watch,notice等“感觀”動(dòng)詞的后面和make,let等“使役”動(dòng)詞的后面作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to,但這種句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)加上to。(一聽,二使,三看)(1).Isawhercomeintomyroom.
Shewasseen
tocomeintomyroombyme.(2).Hemademewritetheletterforhim.
Iwasmadetowritetheletterforhim.注意問題2.若主動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語動(dòng)詞(如:give,pass,show等),變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只把其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語保留不動(dòng),稱作保留賓語。若保留賓語是指人,前面要加上介詞“to”。eg:
Heshowedmehisphotos.
Iwasshownhisphotos.
OR:Hisphotoswereshowntome.Morewordsgivesbsth=givesth.tosbshowsbsbsth=showsth.tosbpasssbsbsth=passsth.tosbsendsbsbsth=sendsth.tosbbringsbsbsth=bringsth.tosbtellsbsbsth=tellsth.tosb3.如主動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語動(dòng)詞如buy,make等,變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只把其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語保留不動(dòng),若保留的賓語是指人,前面要加上介詞fore.gHeboughtmeapen.Apenwasboughtforme.或Iwasboughtapen
getsbsbsth=getsth.forsbbuysbsbsth=buysth.forsbmakesbsbsth=makesth.forsbmendsbsbsth=mendsth.forsbcook
sbsbsth=cooksth.forsb4.只有及物動(dòng)詞才能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),注意不要丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。eg:Thedoctorlookedovertheoldwomancarefully.Theoldwomanwaslookedoverbythedoctorcarefully.Attention!
五、什么情況下沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)無被動(dòng)語態(tài)
*Thefish______(taste)good.*—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it______(feel)verysoft.*Thepopmusic_______(sound)beautiful.tastesfeelssounds2一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:happen,takeplace,last,have(有),appear,disappear,cost,comeout這本書已經(jīng)出版許多次了。Thebookhasalreadycomeoutmanytimes(2)我家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。Greatchangeshavealreadytakenplaceinmyhometown(3)會(huì)議持續(xù)了30分鐘。Themeetinglastedfor30minutes.當(dāng)堂檢測完成跟蹤練習(xí)5,6,7P167一三題Choosethebestanswer:1.Anewbook______mebyhimyesterday.A.isgiventoB.wasgivenC.wasgiventoD.gaveto2.Don’tworrry.Thejob______twohours.A.canbefinishedinB.wasfinishedforC.canfinishinD.canbefinishedafter3.Usuallytheclassroom______twiceaday,butnobody______thefloorthismorning.A.iscleaned,wassweptB.cleans,wassweptC.iscleaned,sweptD.iscleaned,sweeps4.I_______atfivethismorning,soIamverytirednow.A.waswakingB.waswokenC.wakeupD.waswokenupCACCD5.He_____me______therewithhimlastnight.A.wasasked,togoB.asked,togoC.wasasked,goD.asked,go6.Theystayedhere______April.A.inB.sinceC.forD.on7.We_______apicniclastWednesday.A.toldtohaveB.weretoldtohaveC.weretoldhimtohaveD.weretoldtonothave8.Who_______thefoodonthetable,Tom?A.ateupB.waseatenupC.eatsupD.waseatingup9.Todaymanytreesarebeingcutinourcountry.Somoretrees_________.A.mustplantB.mustbeplantC.mustbeplantedA.mustbetoplantBBABCA10.______thehomework______thedayaftertomorrow?A.May,behandedinB.Maybe,handedinC.May,handinD.May,behanded11.Mypencil______thedaybeforeyesterday.A.foundB.wasfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfound12.Thescientisthasworkedonthemathsproblemforthreedayswithouthavingarest,sohe_______verytirednow.A.mustbeB.maybeC.canbeD.needbe13.Theworkers——————muchheavyworkeachday.A.madetodoB.weremadetodoC.weremadedoD.madehimtodo
AAB
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