羅馬帝國(guó)早期-盛期與晚期的建筑

1羅馬帝國(guó):早期，盛期與晚期建筑TheRomanEmpire:

Early,High&LateArchitecture3TheEarlyEmpire(27B.C.–98C.E.)UnderstandtheroleoftheColosseumandamphitheaterinRomanlife.UnderstandthedevelopmentofRomanartandarchitectureastheempireexpandsanddevelops.4Pont-du-Gard*,N?mes,France,ca.16BCE.10AerialviewoftheColosseum*(FlavianAmphitheater),Rome,Italy,ca.70–80CE.

-ovalshaped615’x510’

-outerwall=159’H

-topwallsupportedanawningforshade

-engagedcolumnsFrombottomtotop,differentordersofarch.Frombasictocomplex(Hellenisticinfluence): Tuscan—plainorderongroundlevel Ionic—2nd Corinthian—3rd Corinthianpilasters—4thAtticstoryhassmall,squarewindowsthatalternatewithbronzecartouches(shieldshapedornaments)Colosseum—mostofitwasdismantledduringMiddleAgesformarble,metalfittingsandmaterialsforchurches

Vaultedconstruction“Thearch”beginsduringFlaviandynastyaspartarchitecture,partsculpturecelebratingaformalvictoryCommissionedbyemperorDomitiantohonorhisbrother,TitusMadeofconcretebutfacedwithmarbleOriginallythebaseforastatueofa4horsechariotanddriverColumnsareintheCompositeorderTHEARCHOFTITUS24ArchofTitus*Rome,Italy,after81CE.

25SpoilsofJerusalem*,reliefpanelfromtheArchofTitus,Rome,Italy,after81CE.Marble,7’10”high.

TituscapturedJerusalemwhereJewswererevoltingRomansdestroyedtheSecondTempleinJerusalem,carriedoffitssacredtreasuresanddisplayedtheminatriumphalprocessioninRomeUsedrelieftoshowsenseofspace27TriumphofTitus,reliefpanelfromtheArchofTitus,Rome,Italy,after81CE.Marble,7’10”high.

28HighEmpire(96–192C.E.)UnderstandthepoliticalnatureofRomanartandarchitecture,especiallyasitcommunicatesideasofpowerfortheemperorandempire.ExaminethearchitecturaldevelopmentoftheRomanforum,themarkets,thetriumphalarchesand,inparticular,thePantheon.29ArtunderTrajaninSpain,Africa,ItalyUnderstandthepoliticalnatureofRomanartandarchitecture,especiallyasitcommunicatesideasofpowerfortheemperorandempire.Examineartisticdevelopmentandformalchanges,especiallyissuesofspaceandnarrationintheColumnofTrajan.TrajanchoosesApollodorusofDamascustoredesigntheForum(Rome’scitycenter)30Figure10-43APOLLODORUSOFDAMASCUS,ForumofTrajan,Rome,Italy,dedicated112CE.(JamesE.PackerandJohnBurge).1)TempleofTrajan,2)ColumnofTrajan,3)libraries,4)BasilicaUlpia,5)forum,6)equestrianstatueofTrajan.123346531ColumnofTrajan*,ForumofTrajan,Rome,Italy,dedicated112CE.

marbleDetail,ColumofTrajan*-showsthemcrossingtheDanubeandbuildingafort-propagandaLikeagiantscrollRefined,pictoralnarrativeofDaciancampaigns102-103and105-106C.E.2,500individualfigureswitharecurringTrajan34Figure10-47ArchofTrajan,Benevento,Italy,ca.114–118CE.35ArchitectureoftheHighEmpireExaminethearchitecturaldevelopmentoftheRomanforum,themarkets,thetriumphalarchesand,inparticular,thePantheon.ExploretheluxuriesofHadrianPantheon*

Rome,Italy,118–125CE.36ReconstructiondrawingofthePantheon39Restoredcutawayview(left)andlateralsection(right)ofthePantheon,Rome,Italy,118–125CE.42InteriorofthePantheon,Rome,Italy,118–125CE.

44LateEmpire(192-337C.E.)UnderstandtheculturalinfluencesthatbringaboutchangesinRomanartandarchitectureintheLateEmpireperiod.RelateaspectsofRomancultureandtheirinfluenceintoday'slife.Understandhowpower,orderandlostindividualityareexpressedintheartoftheLateEmpire.ExaminethechangesbroughtaboutintheartandarchitectureinthetimeofConstantine.ConsidertheRomanEmpireasabridgebetweentheancientandmedievalandmodernworlds.

45ArchofConstantine*(southside),Rome,Italy,312–315CE.HUGEarchnexttoColoseum,dwarfstheArchofTitus3barrelvaultedarchAbstractstyleisremovedfromrealismofbeforeConstantine=bridgetotheartoftheMiddleAges49DiscussionQuestionsWhataresomeoftheu