美國早期發(fā)展歷史

AmericanEconomy陳鳳怡趙統(tǒng)美劉曉慶陳江TableofContents

Earlyeconomy1

2

Contemporaryeconomy3

Conclusion4ModerneconomyThethreestagesofearlyAmericanhistory美國早期發(fā)展ThecharacteristicsofearlyAmericaneconomicdevelopment.Byprimitiveclansocietytothecapitalistmodeofproductiondevelopmentandaccompaniedbythecapitalistformbeforebouncing.Thisperiod,thedevelopmentofsocialformsdoesn’tinteriminturn.Ithasnoslaveryandthesocialsystemprimarilystageofdevelopment.美國早期發(fā)展這一階段的發(fā)展特點,是由原始的氏族社會向資本主義生產(chǎn)方式發(fā)展并伴有前資本主義形態(tài)的跳躍。這一時期社會形態(tài)的發(fā)展并不是依次過渡的，它沒有經(jīng)過奴隸制度和封社會制度為主的發(fā)展階段。NorthAmericanIndiansdevelopmentperiodTheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofthenorthAmericancontinent.TheyhadlongbeenthemaindevelopmentinNorthAmerica.TheiractivitiesconstitutedtheBritishNorthAmerica13coloniesestablishbeforethemainstreamofancienthistoryofNorthAmerica印第安人是北美大陸的最早原始居民。它們長期以來是開發(fā)北美的主力。它們的活動構(gòu)成了英屬北美13個殖民地建立前的北美古代歷史的主流。EuropeanpowersinnorthAmericanexploration,developmentandthecolonialperiod

IndiansisstillthemainresidentsonthecontinentofNorth.ButthewhitedominatedtheEuropeanmainland’sfate.Europeanpowers,mainlyisSpanish,Dutch,FrenchandEnglish.TheybrokeintothenorthAmericancontinentsuccessivelyestablishedtheircolonialpoints.這時印第安人仍是北美大陸的主要居民，但是主宰大陸命運的卻是歐洲白人。歐洲列強，主要是西班牙人、荷蘭人、法國人和英格蘭人，它們先后闖入了北美大陸建立了各自的殖民點。TheBritishNorthAmerica13colonialperiod

Coloniesintheindustry,themostgenerallyisthecottageindustryfoefarmers.Everyfamilyhasthespinningwheelandhandloom,thereareindependentproducersaroundthevillageandtownship.Wooltextileandmetallurgyindustry,byBritishlimitforbiddenaslateasindependentrecently,justinPhiladelphia,proppingupthebiggercity,establishedbetweensomewooltextilefactory.殖民地的工業(yè)，以農(nóng)民的家庭手工業(yè)為最普遍。家家戶戶都有手紡車和手工織布機，同時，還有遍布鄉(xiāng)村和城鎮(zhèn)的大量獨立手工業(yè)者。毛紡織和冶金工業(yè)，因受英國限禁，遲至獨立前不久，才在費城、蘭開斯特等較大城市建立了一些毛紡織工場。Handicraftworkshopsdevelopedandestablishedinthelateofthecolonies.ThelargestindustrialsectorinNorthAmericaisshipbuildingandsailingsuppliesmanufacturingandwoodprocessing.NewEnglandisthelargestindustrialbase,ItsshipbuildingcostslowerthanEurope,Britainhas30~401/3ofthemerchantiscolonialmanufacturing,coloniesthree-quartersofmerchantismade在殖民地后期，手工業(yè)工場也初步建立和發(fā)展起來。北美最大的工業(yè)部門，是造船和航海用品制造以及木材加工。新英格蘭是最大的工業(yè)基地，它的造船成本比歐洲低30～40％,英國有1/3的商船是殖民地制造的，殖民地有3/4的商船是自己制造的。ThecharacteristicsofBritishcolonialperiodeconomicBeforethewarofindependence,thefeaturesofthecolonialeconomy:Oneistheeducationcoattailseconomy.ThesecondisfortheprimaryfactorsofeconomicstruggleandthefightagainsttheBritishcolonialinternalclassstrugglefierce.Threeiseconomicdifferencesbetweenthenorthandthesouth.FouristhenorthAmericancolonieseconomyisconsumedIndiansinrobbing.FiveisbyJackiecontainscertaincoloniesoffeudalremnants獨立戰(zhàn)爭前英屬北美殖民地的經(jīng)濟特點：一是教育提攜經(jīng)濟；二是以經(jīng)濟為首要因素的反英斗爭和殖民地內(nèi)部階級斗爭激烈；三是南部和北部經(jīng)濟存在差異；四是北美殖民地經(jīng)濟是在掠奪和消滅印第安人的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的；五是殖民地經(jīng)濟帶有一定的封建殘余性。英屬北美殖民地人民為什么要發(fā)起反英獨立戰(zhàn)爭？波士頓傾茶事件ModerneconomyLaissez-fairecapitalismofAmericanMonopolycapitalismRelatedDocumentsCivilwar

TheWestwardMovementTerritorialexpansionTerritorialExpansionTheWestwardMovement

TheWestwardMovement

Thethreeperiodsofthedevelopmentofwestmovement

1.Thepreliminarydevelopmentinagriculturalperiod

2.Withtheindustrialprimarilycomprehensivedevelopmentperiod3.Takinghigh-newtechnologyprimarilydepthdevelopmentperiod

CivilwarTheSouth:Plantation

slaveryagriculture

Differentsocialeconomicsystem

TheNorth:Capitalistindustrial

Civilwar美國南北戰(zhàn)爭是第一個工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)爭,這是蒸汽時代的第一次大戰(zhàn)。是工業(yè)革命后的一切軍事發(fā)展的總試驗,揭開了戰(zhàn)爭史上一個全新的篇章。它在本質(zhì)上同獨立戰(zhàn)爭一樣都是為了掃除資本主義發(fā)展道路上的障礙Civilwar美國經(jīng)濟的一次洗禮TheU.S.economyabaptism

ChapterIV

ContemporaryhistoryCentralgravityoftheeconomyactivityNewYork:thecenteroffinance、publish、broadcastandadvertisement

LosAngles:moviesandtelevisionproductioncenterSanFrancisco:technologydevelopmentcenterMidwest:manufacturingandheavyindustrycenterSoutheast:medicalresearch、tourismandbuildingmaterialsindustry.Detroit:famousmotorcityChicago:financialandcommercialcenterCentralgravityoftheeconomyactivityindusty

IntheU.S.industry,manufacturingaccountedfornationalproductionthree-quartersofthetotalamount.TheUnitedStatesistheworld'slargestproducer.Forexample,metalsteel,Americanyieldtakesupone-fifthoftheworld.Autooutputtakesupone-fourthoftheworld，productionofmeattakesupone-fifthoftheworld.Serviceindustries

TheindustrialmanufacturingoftheUnitedStatesleadbyCalifornia.NextisNewYork、Ohio、Illinois、Pennsylvania.

ThereasonforChicagobecomingthefirstindustrialcenteristhatitislocatedinthetopofLakeMichiganandtheintersectionoftheUnitedStates.NewYorkcityoutstandingtransportationfunction,fineport,makeitbecomeAmerica'sfirstgreatcityandmanufacturingcenter.Greatlakesalsomakesbuffalo,Detroit,theMilwaukeebecomeimportantindustrialcenter.芝加哥之所以能成為美國首要的工業(yè)中心，部分原因就在于它位于密執(zhí)安湖的頂端，并且在美國大陸的交叉口。紐約市杰出的運輸功能，優(yōu)良的港口，使它成為美國第一大城和制造中心。大湖區(qū)也使得水牛城、底特律、密爾瓦基成為重要的工業(yè)中心。TransportationAgriculture

TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheimportantagriculturalcountriesintheworld.Americanfarmproductionvalueof$90billioneachyearofagriculturalproducts.Americanfarmerproduct50%ofcorn,20%ofoats,and15%ofchicken,pork,cotton,tobaccoandwheatoftheworld.

美國是世界上重要的農(nóng)業(yè)國家之一。美國的農(nóng)場每年生產(chǎn)價值900億美元的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。美國的農(nóng)夫生產(chǎn)了占世界50%的玉米，20%的燕麥，以及15%的雞肉、豬肉、棉花、菸草和小麥。FarmingInAmericansoil,grainfarmingareais33,600millionacres.Thegraintypesandfarmingarechangingondifferentlocalclimateandsoil.美國土地上谷物的耕種面積約達33，600萬畝。谷物種類與耕種方式，則依各地不同的氣候與土壤而有所改變。CornisAmerica'smostimportantcrops.玉米都是美國最重要的作物Beefcattleanddairycattlearethemostimportantlivestock.乳牛與肉牛是美國農(nóng)場里最重要的家畜。ChapterIVMiningThemineralworthalmostayearintheUnitedStatescanreach600millionusdollars,includingthevalueofoilproductionaccountsforalmost40%ofallmineralvalue.Coalissecondonlytothevalueofoil,gas,mineralsinthirdplace.TheUnitedStatesaccountedforthenaturalworld18%ofcoalandoil,andaccountsfor45%oftheworld'sgas.美國每年的礦產(chǎn)總值約可達到600億美元，其中石油產(chǎn)量的價值幾乎占全部礦產(chǎn)價值的40%。煤是價值僅次于石油的礦產(chǎn)，天然氣則居第3位。美國年產(chǎn)占世界18%的天然煤與石油，還有占世界45%的天然氣。

Americanproductionquantityrankedfirstinthecopper.ItismainlyproducedinArizona,productionaccountsforalmosthalfofAmerica'stotalcapacity.UtahisAmerica'ssecondlargestcopperproducer,yieldaccountedforaboutoneinsevenofAmerica'stotalcapacity.美國的產(chǎn)銅量居世界第一。主產(chǎn)于亞利桑那州，產(chǎn)量幾乎占美國總產(chǎn)量的一半。猶他州是美國第二大銅產(chǎn)地，產(chǎn)量約占美國總產(chǎn)量的七分之一。Aluminumismadefromaplantcalledironaluminaproduction90%.Inaddition,AlabamaandGeorgiaalsohaveironaluminaore.鋁是由一種叫做鐵礬土產(chǎn)量的90%。此外，亞拉巴馬州與喬治亞州也有鐵礬土礦。Zincandleadinofteninthesamearea.TheUnitedStatesistheworldfirstproduceszinckingdom.NewYorkisAmerica'slargestproducerofzincstates.Missouriisthemainproductionleadstates.鋅與鉛常常在同一礦區(qū)中。美國是世界上首要的產(chǎn)鋅國。紐約州是美國最大的產(chǎn)鋅州。密蘇里州是最主要的產(chǎn)鉛州。Arizona,Colorado,Montana,Nevada,southDakotaandUtahhavemajorityofgolddeposits.ButthemajorsupplierssilverstateisArizona,Idaho,MontanaandUtah.亞利桑那州、科羅拉多州、蒙大拿州、內(nèi)華達州、南達科他州與猶他州蘊藏美國絕大部分的金礦。而美國主要的產(chǎn)銀州是亞利桑那州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州與猶他州。TradeTheUnitedStatesofAmericahastheworld'slargesttradeandthequalityofdomestictradeismuchhigherthantheinternationaltrade.美國具有世界上最大的貿(mào)易量，而國內(nèi)貿(mào)易量又比國際貿(mào)易量高出許多。America'smostimportanttradeobjectisCanada美國最重要的貿(mào)易對象是加拿大

TheoutputofAmericanprimaryproductsincludingmachinery,communicationsequipment,food,wildanimals,processedproductsandrawmaterials.(suchascotton,soybeans,ore,etc)美國首要的輸出品包括機械、通訊器材、食品、野生動物、加工品及原料(如棉花、大豆、礦石等)。

America'sbiggesttradingpartnerisadjacenttotheCanadian(19%),China(12%),Mexico(11%)andJapan(8%).Everyday,followedbyaboutworthasmuchas$1.1billionproductsthroughtheU.S.andborders.TheAmericaneconomyisconsideredtobetheworld'slargestandmostimportanteconomies美國最大的貿(mào)易伙伴是毗鄰的加拿大（19%），中國（12%）、墨西哥（11%）和日本（8%）緊隨其后，每天大約有價值高達11億美元的產(chǎn)品流經(jīng)美加的國界。TheAmericaneconomyisconsideredtobetheworld'slargestandmostimportanteconomies美國經(jīng)濟被認為是世界上最大也是最重要的經(jīng)濟體TheU.S.economyishighlydevelopedandmanyglobalcountries’currenciesarerelatedtothedollar,andtheAmericanstockmarketisconsideredoneoftheworld'seconomicbarometer.美國經(jīng)濟高度發(fā)達，全球多個國家的貨幣與美元掛鉤，而美國的證券市場被認為是世界經(jīng)濟的晴雨表。Ithappenedintheearlytwentiethcentury,anAmerican30coalworker'sscene:ColdnortherliesChanYiwhistling,thelittlegirlwearingacrouchinginthecorneroftheroom."Mom,it'ssocold,whydon'tyourisestove?"Thelittlegirlintrembling.Mothersighedandsaid,"becausewedon'towncoal.Yourdadunemployed,wehavenomoneytobuycoal.""Mommy,daddywhyunemployment?""Becausecoalistoomuch."st