模塊六unit3 虛擬語氣

Unit3UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageUnrealconditionals(thesubjunctivemood)虛擬語氣觀察下列兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)體會(huì)說出它們的差異：1.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnot

climbthemountain.2.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnot

climbthemountain.

realconditionalunrealconditionalthesubjunctivemood

虛擬語氣(theSubjunctiveMood)是用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是主觀愿望、假設(shè)、建議、推測(cè)、純粹的空想等。

語氣（mood）也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式變化。它表示說話者對(duì)所指的動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度，而且，在謂語動(dòng)詞上有所體現(xiàn)，語氣可分為三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。

Introduction

例1：Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly.

（陳述語氣）

例2：Stoplaughing!（祈使語氣）

Ifyoukeptbeatingmelikethis,Iwouldtellyourteacher.例3：（虛擬語氣）

虛擬語氣的用法：

虛擬語氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語氣用于條件句中的情況較復(fù)雜,所以要特別加以注意。首先，要判斷一下是否該用虛擬語氣,因?yàn)闂l件句有兩種,一種是真實(shí)條件句,一種是非真實(shí)條件句,只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才用虛擬語氣,在真實(shí)條件句中,要用陳述語氣。

如果條件句假設(shè)的情況完全不存在或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小,甚至可以說幾乎沒有時(shí),就需要用虛擬語氣來表達(dá),也就是說,此時(shí)的條件句是非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：條件句：過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句：would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.IfIgotthechance,Iwouldwanttobealawyer.例如：注意:

在非正式表述或口語中，ifI/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。兩者在意義上沒有區(qū)別，但是were更為正式，特別是在表述心存懷疑的事情時(shí)：IfLucywereready,wewouldstart.假如露西準(zhǔn)備好了，我們就出發(fā)。與過去事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.Iftheboyhadgotupearlier,hewouldhavecaughtthebus.條件句：過去完成時(shí)

haddone主句：would/could/might+havedone與將來事實(shí)相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：條件句：If…was/were/did…主句：…would/could/mightdoIfitweresunnytomorrow,wewouldgocamping.IfIwerefreenextSunday,Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty.注意:

在與將來事實(shí)可能相反的條件句中,謂語動(dòng)詞還可用wereto或should+do來表示,如:IfIweretofailmydrivingtest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.If從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反謂語動(dòng)詞用--謂語動(dòng)詞用--與過去事實(shí)相反謂語動(dòng)詞用--謂語動(dòng)詞用--與將來事實(shí)相反謂語動(dòng)詞用--謂語動(dòng)詞用--1)did2)be動(dòng)詞用wereshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+have+done1)did/were2)shoulddo3)weretodohad+doneSummary注意：1.除了if外，還要關(guān)注其它幾個(gè)連詞，suppose,supposing,（假如），provided,providing,(如果），Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.2.用在lest(以免，免得），forfearthat（唯恐）和incase引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形1）Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.2）Theboyhidhimselfbehindthedoorforfearthat/incasehisfather(should)seehim.3)Takeyourraincoatincase/lestit(should)rain.Practice完成鳳凰學(xué)案p66自主學(xué)習(xí)A.非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝：

在非真實(shí)條件句中,如果有were,had,should,

我們可以將if省略,把這些詞置于從句的句首,形成倒裝,如:IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(從句在前）

IwouldtellhershouldImeether.(從句在后）IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.

Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.Theywouldhavesucceededhadtheymadepreparations

如果虛擬條件句中沒有were,had和should則不能省略if,當(dāng)然也不能倒裝。注意：Practice

1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we______allrightnow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2.Ifhe_____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableAA3.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves4.Ifit____thisafternoon,theEnglishpartywouldberuined.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wasrainingCB5.Ifyouhadrungusyesterday,wewould______youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.tellB.havetoldC.hadtoldD.betellingB高考鏈接：Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble___theschedule.(2015江蘇高考）A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown1.ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleifIhadknowntheschedule.2.IfIhadknowntheschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.———theschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.(此題考察虛擬語氣表示與過去事實(shí)相反，省略if,用部分倒裝，但難點(diǎn)是if從句放在主句后面，看起來不習(xí)慣，有點(diǎn)別扭）D虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)總結(jié)：虛擬語氣考查的方式是根據(jù)時(shí)間正確選用符合條件的動(dòng)詞形式。

1）考查主句時(shí)，從句會(huì)給出時(shí)間暗示。

2）考查從句時(shí)，主句會(huì)給出時(shí)間暗示。

3）主句和從句同時(shí)考查時(shí)，則會(huì)另附一句時(shí)間暗示?？傊?，根據(jù)線索正確判斷時(shí)間是做好虛擬語氣題目的前提。

本節(jié)課總結(jié)：今天我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下三個(gè)內(nèi)容辨別連詞if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)性條件句和非真實(shí)性條件句。掌握虛擬語氣在if從句中表示與三種事實(shí)相反的用法。（特別是主，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用什么形式）省略if,