2023年中央電大英語本科畢業(yè)論文教育方向

GuizhouＲadio&TVUｎiｖersｉtyPraｃｔｉcａｌＰｒojecｔDesignTｉtle：EmiｌyDickinson’ｓRefuｓaｌｔoPublｉshHｅrPoeｍs狄金森拒絕出版她的詩歌的因素Name:?WangJｉn ?Numｂer: ７Sｃhｏｏl: GｕizhｏuRａdio&TVUnｉversityＭａｊor：?Enｇlish(EducationＯriented)Date：?Ｍaｒch25th,２023Ｔel:Ｅ-maｉl：ACKNＯWLＥDGEＭＥNTＳＴhecompletｉonofｔhｉsthesｉsｗｏuｌdnoｔhavebeenｐossibｌｅｗｉtｈoutｔheencourａgemeｎt,ｔheguｉdａｎce,andthesｕpportofmａnyoｔherpeｏple.Firstofaｌl，IwouldextendmｙsincereandheａrtｆeｌttｈankｓtomysuperｖiｓorPrｏfessｏｒＸiａSｈangli，whoｈasgｉvｅnmeｖａluabｌesｕgｇestionsandｉnｓighｔfulｃomｍentsiｎｔhｅｔheｓiswriting．Ｓｈeｈasａlsoｓpentmuchｔimegoiｎｇｔhrｏughbrainsｔormingwithｍe，pｕtmyworkonthｅrighttrack,ｒｅａdingrｅatdeｔailseveryｄraftｏｆevｅｒｙsectioｎofｔｈisthｅsiｓ，anｄhelpeｄimproｖｅtheaｐproｐriatenessofEngｌｉsｈuseｄ.MygratitudeｔoProfessorXiaknowsnoboｕnd.Ｓpeｃｉalthankｓalｓogotomｙfａmiｌｙfortheirｕnｆａilingｓupｐorｔａnｄloveｔhrougｈoutmｙunｉvｅｒｓiｔystｕdｙ.COＮTＥＮTSAbsｔrａｃtiｎEｎglisｈ…．..．..........．……………………....１ＡbstractinChiｎｅｓe………………..…1=1\＊ROＭANI．Intrｏdｕｃｔｉon………..…………．．.………….．……….….…………1II.EmilyDｉckinson’sｐeｒsonality……………………22．1Iｎtroverted………………………．．22．2High-ｈearted……………………．4ＩII.ＰuｒpoｓeｏfEｍilyDickinson’ｓｗriｔing…….…….5IＶ.TheｃharacterｏｆＥmｉlyＤiｃｋｉｎson’ｓｐoｅtｒｙ……………．…………6４.1Ｔheusingｏfomissioｎ……………６4.2Ｔhｅusingofdasｈ…………………7V．ThｅｐuｂlｉcatioｎhisｔoryofEｍilyDiｃkinsｏｎ’spoｅtry……………9ＶI.Coｎｃlｕsion……………….…....１0BIBIOＧＲＡＰＨY..…………….………………….…..．11DECLARＡTION…………………１2ＥmilyDiｃkinｓon’sＲefuｓaｌtｏPublishHeｒPoemsAbstrａct:DiｃkinsoniｓaｆａmousAmericanpoｅｔess.Sｈeiｓａliteraｒygenｉｕｓ.Sｈewrｏtealｏtoｆpoetrydｕrinｇherlifetｉmeｂutｐuｂlisheｄｖeryliｔｔlｅｏfherpoems．Frｏmthｅinformationavailabｌｅ,Itcａnｂｅseenthａｔsheｗasintroverｔedandalｉttlｅaｒrｏgａnt，hｉgh-heａrted;shｅwasｎotgoｏdaｔdealinｇwithｐｅoplｅ，ａndshehadnointｅrｅstonsociallife;ｈerpoeｔrydoeｓnotfoｌloｗgraｍmaｒrules，ｓｏiｔwａshardfoｒtｈｅｅditorsandrｅaderstorｅａd.Ｔheseareｔhｅrｅasｏｎｓｗhyhｅrpｏeｍｓｗerｅnotpｕblisｈeｄdｕringhｅrｌifetｉmｅ．Ｉnｔhｉspaｐｅr,thewrｉtｅrｉｓgoｉngtoｅxｐlｏrethereasｏｎswhysｈerefｕsedtoｐｕbｌiｓｈheｒpoeｍsbystｕdyingherｐersonalｉty,thｅcharaｃteｒｏfherpoeｔry，aｎdthepublicａｔiｏnhｉstｏｒｙofｈerｐoｅtry.Keywｏｒdｓ:Dｉckｉnsoｎ;ｐｅrsｏnalｉｔｙ;ｒefusedｔopuｂliｓh摘要：狄金森是美國(guó)著名的女詩人，她是個(gè)文學(xué)天才，但是她生前寫了很多詩歌卻很少發(fā)表她的詩歌。從現(xiàn)有的資料看出，她性格內(nèi)向而又有些傲慢,不善于社交也無心解決世事,她的詩歌不注重語法規(guī)則是當(dāng)時(shí)的讀者乃是編輯很難讀懂,這些是她的詩歌在她的生前一直得不到出版的因素。本文要通過對(duì)她的個(gè)性、詩歌的特點(diǎn)及詩歌出版的歷史的研究來探討她不出版詩歌的因素。關(guān)鍵詞：狄金森;

個(gè)性；拒絕出版=1\＊ＲＯMANＩ.IｎtroducｔｉonEmilyDickiｎsｏｎwasbornｏｎDecｅmber10,1830,inAmｈerｓｔ,Massacｈｕsettｓ,thｅoldestdaughterｏfEｄwardDiｃkinｓｏｎ,asucｃessfullawｙｅr,meｍberｏｆCoｎgrｅss，anｄｆormanyyearstrｅasureｒofAｍhersｔCｏlleｇe,andoｆEｍilyNorcrosｓDickinsoｎ,aｔimidwomａn.Dickinsonwasfuｎ-lｏvingaｓacｈild,ｖeｒyｓmａrｔ,andenjoｙedｔheｃomｐaｎyofothers．Herbrotｈer,Austiｎ,bｅcaｍealａwｙerlｉkehisfatｈeｒaｎdwasalsotreaｓureroｆＡmhｅｒstＣoｌｌegｅ.Thｅyouｎｇesｔcｈildofthｅfamily,Lａvｉｎiａ,bｅｃａmetheｃhiｅfｈｏｕsｅkeeperａｎd,lｉkeherｓｉstｅｒEmily,reｍainedａt(yī)homeallheｒｌifｅanｄnevermaｒried.ＴhesixｔhmeｍｂeｒｏfｔhistiｇhtlｙkｎitgroupwasSｕsａｎGiｌbｅrt,Emｉly'sａmbiｔiousaｎdwitｔyscｈoolmａｔewｈomarriedShｅlｅft１775pｏems．ShehadａcｃeｓｓedtoEｍerｓｏn'ｓthouｇhtwhｅnsheｗasyoung.Emｅrsoｎｏppｏｓedtｏauｔhority,adｖocatedtheviｅwofintｕｉtiｖe．Mｏｓtｏfherpoemsｗｒiｔeabｏutarrogantlonelｉｎesｓ,dｉｓapｐointmentwithtｈepuｒsuitofreliｇｉｏn,aｎdserｅｎｅdｅaｔｈ.Thｉｓreflecｔｓherｃoｍｐlexｐsycholｏgicａlstatus．Heｒpoemsfoｃusｏncontenｔ,ratｈeｒｔhaｎfｏcusoｎthｅrulesofgrammａr.Sheusｅdaloｔoｆｖarioｕspunctuatｉoｎmaｒｋｓ,espｅｃｉallydash.EｍilｙDｉckinsｏndiｅdonMａｙ１5,1886.Ｈersiｓterandfｒiendｓseleｃtedandeｄitedherpoｅms．Thentheyｐublished３setsｉnｔhｅｌate１9thｃentｕry．Ｄuｒingheｒｒeｃlusivelifｅiｎｈeｒownhｏuｓe,ｓhewrotｅａlotｏfpoeｍsandｃｏrrespondｅncesthatcｏnｔａiｎgrｅatliteraryｖalue.Bｕｔsｈepubｌｉsheｄfewoftｈem.Whysｈewroteｍａnybuｔｐublisheｄfｅｗｈasbecｏmeacommontｏｐｉcｔotｈeｐｅｏplｅ,andｔhisｉsalsothetopｉcｐurposeofthisｔｈesiｓ．Asafamousｗriter,sheandherwoｒksｈavebeenｓtｕｄiedbｙalotofｐeｏplｅ，suchasFerlazzoPaulJ，ａsｗｅlｌasChineseｓcｈｏｌarｓJiａngfengａｎｄＬiuShoulａn.Bａsingｏnprevioｕsstuｄies，thisｔhesｉｓisgｏingtosｐｅcｉｆicallydiｓcustherｅａｓonswhyshedｉdnｏtpubｌiｓｈherpoems.II.ＥｍilｙDiｃkiｎｓon’ｓpersonaｌity2.1IntｒovertｅdEmilywaｓintroｖerted，andｓｈｅｄislikeddeａlingwｉthpeoｐle．Sｏｓhediｄn’ｔｗaｎttoｓhowhertalent.HeｒfatｈerEｄｗardwasｉｎｄeedharsｈandarbｉtｒａry.AｔｔｈｅmeｍoryoｆEｍiｌy,herｆａｔherimmerseｄiｎlegaｌmaｔteｒsaｌlｄay,simplydidn’ｔcareabouｔhermuch.Sｉｎceshewasaｌittｌecｈｉld,ｓhehａdaｓenseofaｗｅｔowardherfａｔhｅｒ.ShethoughttｈａｔｈｅｒfathｅrlookedliｋｅＣｒｏmwelｌorAｎcｉeｎtRome’ｓGｅnerａl．Beｆｏretheageoｆ２0,herfatherhadalwayｓbｅｅnthｅbacｋｂoneｏｆherlife,andtｈemａjorｉnfluｅncethaｔfoｒmeｄherｐersｏｎalｉtｙ.Withｔｈegrowthoｆage，Eｍilybｅgantofｅe(cuò)lｄisｓaｔisfiedtowardｈeｒfａt(yī)heｒ'sstrｉctneｓｓ.Andthesenseｏfｗｏrsｈiptｏwardhｅrfａt(yī)hｅｒhadgraｄuallyｒeplaｃedbythｅｆeeliｎgsofcoｎtradiｃtion.Ontｈeｏnｅhaｎd,herｆatherhａdａnunwaverinｇloｖetoAｕsｔin,buｔdｉdｎ’tsparｅaｇｌanceｏnｈｅrｏｗｎintｅlleｃtｕalsupｅrｉoritｙ.Ｉtｍaｄehｅrsadaｎdemerｇethｅfｅe(cuò)ｌiｎgｓoｆｒesiｓtａncｅ;Onthｅothｅrhａnd,theiｒｒesistｉbｌｅauthorityｏffａt(yī)hｅr’ssｔaｔusinｔhefａmｉlｙａndcｈaｒismaｒemaineｄfunctiｏninｇaｓanａbｓoｌuｔedｏｍiｎaｎｔｒoleｉnherliｆe,anｄｔheｙwerｅherspｉriｔuａlｓuppｏrtfｏrｓurｖivaｌ．Inoｒdertomaｉnｔａｉnharmonyatｈomeanｄrelativeiｎｄependenｃｅ,sｈehaｓbeenｓilｅｎttｏdｅａlｗiｔhthevaｒiｏｕsｃｏntrａdｉctionｓinlife.Inｏrdｅrtｏbeｈerfａt(yī)ｈer’ｓoｂｅdieｎtdaｕghtｅr,EmilysｅldomｌeｆｔＡmheｒst,andsｈewasａlsoｒａretｏdrｏｐafriend'shousｅ．Tｈａt(yī)waswhyshｅｗassointｒｏverｔed.Ｊune1６，１874，whileEdwarｄswａｓsｐｅakingatthecoｎｆｅreｎceoｆMasｓａｃhuseｔｔs’slegislativebodies,hｅfelltotheｇroundｓudｄenlybeｃａｕseｏfaｈeａｒtattａｃｋ.Ｈesupporteｄtowalktothehotｅl,anddｉｅdtｗoｈouｒsｌater．Herｆather＇sdeａt(yī)ｈmaｄeherｇriefandｌoss,anditmadｅhｅrbｅcaｍeｍoｒeintrovｅｒtｅd.Shethoｕghtthaｔheｒｈoｍeｗａｓnoloｎgeｒahomesinceｈｅrfａｔher'ｓdeａt(yī)h．Durｉｎgthelaｓt20yｅarsｏfｈeｒｌｉfe,EmｉlyoftenｃｏmｍｕnicaｔeｄｗｉｔhBowｌes，onｅofｈerｂeｓtfrｉeｎds,bycｏrrespondeｎcｅ.Interestinｇly,ｗｈｅnBoｗlesvｉsｉtｅdthｅDickinｓons，hecoulｄn’tseeEmily，ｂuｔreceivedhｅｒleｔｔerthｅnextdａy．ＩnＥmｉly’slａstfewｙeａrs,ＭabelｏftenｗｅntｔｏplａythepiａnoｉnEmily’ｓhome．ＷhenMabｅlwaspｌａyingthｅpiａｎｏｉnｔhｅroom,Dickｉnｓoｎaｌwaｙssetquｉｅｔｌyｏｎtheｓtaｉrs,notallowｉngｐeopｌetｏseｅ.WheｎＭａbｅlfinisｈedpｌayｉnｇ,Emilｙwoｕｌdsｅnｄsｏｍeｃａke,wineandpｏeｔｒyｔoMａｂelｔoshowｇratitude.Asintｒovertｅdasshewas,ｓoｍetimesheevendidｎ’tｗaｎｔｔosｅe(cuò)herｃlosefriendｓ,ｈowcoｕldawoｍanlikｅtｈiｓｗoｕldpubliｓhheｒpoｅtｒytotheworld?

2.2High-heaｒｔedIｎ1847autumn,attｈｅaｇｅｏfsｅvenｔｅe(cuò)ｎＥmilyleftfｏrSoutｈHａｄley,ＭassachuｓettsｔｏaｔteｎdtheMounｔHoｌｙokeFeｍalｅSeｍinａry.Tｈiｓscｈooｌ'ｓｓchooloｂｊectiｖewastotraiｎtheｏpposｉteｓeｘcｏｍpanｉｏnsforpasｔorsｗhogoａbｒoaｄtodｏtheiｒｍissionaryｗork.Thａt(yī)ｙeａr,ｉｎtheｅaｒlymoｒniｎgpraysofCｈristｍａsｄａy'sprｅcedingday，thesｃｈoｏlＰｒinciｐａｌLyonａnnouｎcｅdthatalltｈeｓtudeｎtsａndtｅachｅrsmusthaｖeａfastｉnginChrisｔmasday.Thegｉrlsweｒenoｔallｏweｄｔolｅaｖｅtｈebeｄroｏｍｓ，buttoｐｒayandthinｋｏffaultsquiｅtｌy.However,Eｍiｌyａｎdｈeｒｒooｍmａt(yī)esrefuｓedｔｏｄoｌiｋethat.ThePrinｃｉpaｌwasstartledbythisａctｉontｈatdｉsregaｒｄedａｕtｈority.Shepunisｈｅｄthｅsｔｕｄenｔs，whoｒefuｓeｄtofoｌlowhｅrａｎnouｎceJｕdｇｅOttisPhillｉpsＬordwasnｏtonｌyherfaｔhｅr＇ｓgｏｏdfｒｉenｄ,butalsohｅrcloｓefｒieｎd.Ａfterherｆather’sdｅath,ｉｎEmily’ｓ40ｓ,ｔheirfｒiｅndshｉpｅvｅndｅｖｅloｐediｎtoloｖe.Dicｋinsonwasｉntｅnｓetoenjoythｅtruelovｅ，anｄshetolditｔｏL(fēng)ord,hopinｇｔhatsheｃｏｕｌｄbｅcomeＥmｉｌyＬord.Hｏweｖer,wｈｅｎLｏｒduｎdeｒstｏodａnｄaｃｃeｐtedthislove，aｎdprｏｐosedtｏmａrrｙher,Emilyｒefusｅddeｃidedly.Sｈesaｉｄｔhatrｅjecｔioｎcouldbestowｈertohaｐpiness,ａndｔhｅwｏｒdｎoisｔhｅmostfranticwordinｏurlanguage.Froｍheｒwords,ｗｅｃanｓeeｈoｗarｒogａnceshewas.Aｌtｈougｈheｒdrymindneｅｄｅdloveｔｏmoｉstｅn,aｎｄaｌthougｈsｈeｗａsｗillｉnｇｔobehiｓcａptive,shewasａctｕalｌynｏｔｗｉlｌiｎgtoｅnａbleｈeｒｄesirｅｔｏbeobtaｉneｄeasiｌy.Butsheonlｙｈopeｄtoｔａｋethemaｎsｈeloｖｅｄaｓｈerｆａｔheｒ．Perｈaps,shejuｓｔｗａntedtｏｌｉvｅiｎtheｆanｔasy，toimmeｒseiｎherｓpｉriｔworlｄ.Ｆromtｈetowstｏriesabove,wecanseeｔhａｔEｍilyＤicｋinsｏnwasahigｈ-hｅaｒteｄwoman.Ｓhewaｓarroｇant.Sｈeｗａntedtｏalｏoffromworldlｙaｆfairs．IIＩ.PurｐｏseofEｍilyDickinson’swｒitiｎｇＤiffeｒeｎtｐｅｏplehaｖediｆferenｔｐurpoｓesofwｒiting.Somepeｏpｌeｗriｔeｔodisｃｌosethｅsociａlcontｒａｄiｃtion,ｓｏmepeoplewritetｏearnmoneｙ,ｂutEmｉｌyＤickiｎsonjustwantedtowｒiｔｅdｏｗnheｒthoughｔ.LuXun，afamｏuｓChinesewritｅr,stｕdiedoｎMｅdiｃｉnｅａt(yī)fiｒsｔ.ButiｎｏrdｅrtowaｋeupＣhinesepeoｐle,hegａvｅuｐhiｓsｔuｄyｉngonＭedｉcine,andbｅｇａｎtoｗｒｉｔｅ.Hewroｔemanyａrtiｃlｅstodiｓｃloseａｌlkindｓofugｌysoｃiaｌphｅnomｅna.Iｎoｒdertｏachieｖethepｕrposeofｈｉｓwriｔｉng，ｈｅmｕｓtpｕblishhisaｒｔicｌes.Dickinsoｎ’sliｖiｎgenviroｎmｅｎtdidnothavｅmucｈｓｅrｉoｕscontｒａdｉction.Altｈｏuｇhｓｈewａsdｉssatisfｉedwｉthｔheshacklesofｒｅlｉgioｎ，afｔeralｌshewasimpaｃtｅdbythｅthｏｕghtoｆPurｉｔaｎ.Shｅｗasopposeｄｔotheｍａleauｔhｏriｔy,ｂｕtsｈewasn’ｔhoｓｔiｌetomｅn.Shehadnodｅsireｔocｏnｑuｅｒmen，butｓhｅjusｔｗｏuldliｋetosｕｒmounttｈeobstａclｅsｔｈatresｔriｃｔheraction．Aｌthougｈsｈeｈadbｅe(cuò)ｎdｉｓsaｔisｆｉedwｉｔhhisfathｅｒ＇sｈａｒsh,shｅｒeｓpectedｈerfatherverｙｍuch.Anothｅｒwｅｌl-kｎｏｗnChineｓeｗriterＨaｎHan,hecaneａrnalotｏfｍonｅyfｒomwｒitｉngbooｋs.Itissaidtｈattｈemoneｙｈｅgeｔｆｒｏmaboｏｋhewrｏteｃouldbuyaｓpoｒtｓcａr.Heisａyｏuｔhwiｔhopenｐersonality.Ｈeenjｏysplayｉｎg,aｎdhelikｅssportsｃａr.Iｎorｄertoimproｖｅtｈeｑualityofhislifｅ，hehastｏｗritｅandpｕblｉsｈboｏkｓtoｍakemonｅy.Coｍpaｒeｄwithｈim,Diｃkinｓonwaｓｉntroverted.Sｈewasborｎinariｃｈfａmily,sosｈewasｎ’tｌackｏfｍoney.Inａｄｄｉtion，heｒintrｏvertedpｅrsonaliｔｉesmadｅherdonotwanttｏｌetｔhｅpuｂlicｋnoｗhｅrthoｕghｔ.Dickinsoｎ’swrｉｔinｇpuｒpｏseｗaｓtoventｈerpeｒsoｎalｆeｅｌings.Agｉrl’sdelicａt(yī)einnerｗorldｗｏuldnoｔbeoｐeｎed，bｅｃauseitwａsｓｅcrｅt.Hｅrfamilywaｓｒicｈ,ａｎdｓhehadayoungｅrｓiｓｔer，wｈｏｎｅvermａrrieddurｉngheｒlife,totaｋｅｇoｏfｃareofthewholｅfaｍilｙ.Underthecoｎditionofnosｔrｅｓｓ，shecoulｄexｐlorethelifeanddｅath,ａswellasｓpirituａｌsｉgnifｉcanｃe.Hｅｒwrｉtingｐurposｅｄetｅrminｅdthａt(yī)therｅwasnoｎeedｆorｈｅrｔopublishhｅrpｏemｓ．IＶ.ThechａracｔeｒoｆEmiｌyDiｃkinson’spoeｔｒｙ4.1TheusｉngofomissionＯｍｉssiｏnwａstheｒhetoricaldevicetｈaｔDｉckinsｏｎuseｄtoｕse.Ｂｅｃausｅoｆtheｏmｉttedphenoｍeｎonthatrｕnsｃouｎterｔoｔrａｄitionalnoｒmｓoｆgｒaｍmaralwaysoccｕrｒed,herpoetｒyhａsａlsｏbecomeｍoｒediｆficｕlttｏuｎdｅrstand.Ｎoｗｏnderｔhatmanｙofｈｅｒｃoｎtemｐｏrarｉｅs,boｔｈreadeｒｓandcritics，ｔhoughtthａｔherlanguagewａsｖerybaｄ.EvenｉfwhｅnhｅrｃloｓefｒieｎdHiｇginｓoｎdecｉdedtoｐublｉshheｒpoetry,hｅstillthouｇhｔfｉrｍlythateｖｅnｔhoughherideasｃouldcoｎquertherｅaｄers，butthｅdeｆectingｒammaｒstａndａrdisａcｔuaｌlyobvious．Ｐerｈａｐs,ｐｒｅciselybｅcａｕｓeｏftｈesｅwｅｉｒｄlanguagｅfeａt(yī)ures,heｒpoeｔrywａscoｎfusioｎforalｏngtｉｍefortheｐublｉsｈｉngiｎｄustry.Letuｓtastethesefeaturｅｓbyrｅａdingｈerpoｅtrｙ．FｏurTreｅs--ｕponasolitaryAcｒe--

WithoutDesiｇn

OrOrder,orＡｐpaｒeｎtActiｏn--?Mainｔａｉn--

?TheSuｎ--uｐonaＭorningmeｅtsthem-－

ＴｈeＷiｎd-－?NonｅaｒerNeighbor－-hａｖethey--

BuｔＧｏd--

ＴheAcreｇivesthem--Plaｃe-－?Tｈｅy-－Hｉｍ－－AtteｎtｉonofPaｓｓerby－-?OfShadow,orofSqｕirｒel,haｐly--

OｒBoy--?

WhatDeedｉsTheirsｕntothｅGｅnｅraｌＮａt(yī)uｒe-－

Ｗhａt(yī)Plan?Theyｓeveｒaｌly--reｔａrd－-orｆｕrｔheｒ-－?Ｕnknoｗｎ–(2023,Christiｎｅ）

Tｈeｐoemshowsａｆragｍｅntedscene．Onthescrｅe(cuò)ntｈereaｒethｅtrees，laｎd，ｓｑuiｒreｌｓ,ｃｈiｌdrenａnｄtｈeｓhadow.Thisscenａrioremindｓusｓｏmethｉngdeｓcribedｉｎheｒaｎotherpoem．Sheｄescribedthe＂lｏｎgshadow"and"ThａｔDａrkness".(poemNｏ.7６4)Onthescreｅn,iｔseeｍｓthaｔalｌaｒeｄｅe(cuò)plyiｎaｆlａsh,ｅvenｉfｔheｓｕnａndｗｉｎdａrejｕｓｔaｂｒｉefapｐearancｅ.Tｈｅonlｙthiｎgthatｓtaｙｓｗitｈｔhemforlｏng－termistｈｅ"cloｓer"neighｂor"Goｄ＂．Howeveｒ，eventhｅalmigｈｔyGodcannｏtundｅrstａnｄwhyｔhｅsethingsａrｅｎotlinｋｅｄ,ｏｒputthemｉntooneorganｉcentitｙ,ｂｅｃaｕsehecannotkｎowｔhｅｉr"pｌan"aｎd＂aｃtion".Froｍｔｈesyntacticleｖel,iｔｉｓｏbviｏuslytｈatthｉｓｐoeｍdｏesｎｏtｆollowthetｒadｉｔionalｒｕlesofgrammaｒ.Foriｎstancｅ，iｎthｅfirstｓｅctｉｏn,tｈｅcontacｔveｒb“rｅmaiｎ”whｉchsｈowsnｏdynaｍiｃdoesn’ｔａppearuntilthefouｒtｈｌine．Theｍａｉｎsentｅnｃe(ＷhatDeediｓThｅirsuntotheGeｎｅｒalＮatｕｒe-)ofｔhefｉｎalｓectionalsohａsonlyoneｃoｎtactvｅrb“ｉs”.“Ｒetard”，theonｌytransiｔivｅverbｏｆthｅｐoem,appearsinｔｈｅclauｓｅ"ＷhatPlan/Theysevｅｒalｌｙ-retａrd－orfｕrther-".Itｍａkesｔhｅmeaｎingverycｏnｆusing.Ｈowevｅr,sｕｃhasｃreenthａt(yī)lａcksoｆdｙnamicisfillｅdｗithaｌaｒｇｅｎumbeｒoｆnｏｕns．Ｔhe“ＦourＴrees”haveno“Dｅｓｉgn"and"order"tｏgrowiｎthesoｌitaｒy"ｌand"．Perｈaps,thisiｓatrueｐortraｙalofunconsciouｓｎaｔｕreiｎtｈeminｄｏｆthepoet．Clearly,ｔhepｏｅｔdoeｓｎoｔwantｔｏshowthｅdｉsordeｒoｆnatuｒeｄiｒeｃtly,butiｎsinuａt(yī)ｅthｅｃhaoｓofnatｕreａndhumansoｃieｔythrｏuｇhtheuseofalotofiｒrｅｇularｏmission.4.2TheｕｓinｇｏfdaｓhIｎｔhｅdrａftsthatwｒotｅonｔhedraｆtｐａper,ｆrａgmentsoｆpaｐerandmａrｇinｓofｅnvelopeｓ，ｔhereａreaｖａriｅtyoflineswithdiｆfeｒentｌengthaｎdgradient,inaｄdｉtiontocommoncomma,fullstoｐ,ｑuｅsｔionmarｋandeｘclａmaｔionpoｉnｔ.Thｅｅditorshａvetreatedalltｈelｉnesasｄａshｅs.Amounttheseｓｔrangesyｍbols,daｓｈｉsｔhemostｆrequentｏnｅ.Tｈesevａｒiousshapｅｓｏfthesymbolsmakeheｒｐoemsverｙｄifｆiｃｕlｔｔobeｕndeｒstｏoｄbytherｅaderｓ.Ｔheｓymｂolsmaｋeherｐoeｍssｅｅmsｏｃｈaotｉｃtｈaｔhｅrcｏｎtemporariesｔｈoughtthatｈeｒpoetryｗasverybad．Sｏhｅrpｏｅｔrｙwereｎotaccepｔedbythepｕblic

Thｅｂrain?Tｈeｂrain—ｉｓwiderthantheｓky—

For—putthemｓiｄebyside—?Theonetｈeｏｔherwillcoｎｔaｉｎ?Ｗiｔｈeａse—aｎｄyou—besidｅ—?Thebrainiｓdeｅpeｒtｈanｔhesｅa—?Fｏr—holdｔheｍ—BｌuetoBluｅ—?Ｔheonethｅotｈerwillabsｏｒb—

Aｓｓｐonges—Ｂｕcｋets—ｄｏ—?ＴｈｅBｒaｉｎisjusttheｗeightofGod—

Fｏr—Hｅftｔhem—ＰounｄｆorPouｎd—

Ａndtｈeywilｌｄiｆfer—iｆｔｈeyｄo—?AsＳyllａｂｌｅｆｒomSｏｕnd—?--EmilyDickｉnsｏn(1830－18８２),TheBrａin．(202３,ＨuYiｎdong，LiｕShｕsｅn）Thepoemwaswritteｎiｎａbout1862,ａnemphａsisｕｐonthelimitｌeｓｓnatureoｆspiｒiｔ,ａnduponitsｓacrednessthatiscｏmpareｄtothａt(yī)ofGｏｄ.Ｉnthｅｐoeｍ，thereａreｍanydashｅｓ.Ｔhereisnoｎeｅdtopuｔanyｍaｒkｂetwｅe(cuò)ntheｗordsbraiｎandｉs，ｂｕtsheusｅdadash.Peｏpledon’tkｎｏｗwｈatｔhｅｄashｍean.ＩtｉscｏmmoｎfｏｒEmｉlｙｔｏpｕtdａｓhｉnanｙplａcesｉnhｅrｐoems.InthesentｅnceFor—Ｈｅｆtthem—PｏundfoｒPouｎd—,ｔhｅrｅarethrｅe(cuò)daｓhｅs．Thefirｓtaｎdsｅcｏndｏnesarefｏllowｅdｂyｃapitalletｔeｒs,ｓoitseemsｔhaｔtheyfunctionaｓaｆuｌlsｔoｐ，buｔwecanｎｏtｐutmｏrethanonefｕｌｌstｏｐiｎonesentenceacｃordingtogｒａmmar.Ｃｏmpaｒedtothｅpoｅmsofoｔｈerpoets,ｔhiｓpｏeｍｌｏoksvｅrysｔrａngｅ.Ｖ．Thepubliｃａt(yī)ionhistoryofEmiｌyDickiｎson’ｓｐoetryAfteｒEmilｙ’sdeａt(yī)h,Laviｎｉa,MabeｌLoｏｍｉsToｄｄ,ａndCol.ThｏmasWentｗorthHiggiｎsｏnｅditｅdherpｏｅｍｓａｎdpｕblishedtｈeｍ.Ｔheybroughtoutｔｗowelｌreceiｖｅｄｖoｌumes，ＰoemｓbｙEmilyDiｃｋｉnsｏn，ａndＰoemsbyEmｉlｙDｉckｉnson，SeｃondＳeｒieｓ．Latｅr,MabeｌLoｏmiｓToddbｒoughtoutathirｄvolumealoｎe,PoemsｂyEmilyDｉckinson,ThirdSerｉeｓ.Thepoemｓinthｅsethreevoｌumesweresｉgnificaｎtlyeditedtomeｅttｈepｏｐuｌａrtasteoftheｔimeforpoeｔry.Iｎｔhe19５0ｓ,ＴhomａsH.JohnsoｎｅdｉtedＴheＰｏeｍsoｆEmilyＤicｋson.Iｎｔｈiｓvolｕme,Dｉckiｎson’sidｉosynｃraｔiｃpｕｎctｕatiｏｎ,unｍetrｉcalverse,off－rｈｙｍeｓ,andｏｔｈerinnovatｉｏｎsthaｔhａdｂeenregularizedbｙｐｒeviouseditors，arｅresｔoｒedtｏtheiroｒigｉnal.Ｉn19７1,ｔheUnitｅdＳｔａｔesPｏsｔOfficｅissｕｅdacomｍｅｍoｒativestampoｆEｍiｌy;theportraitofthepoｅtonthestampwａscoｐiedfromherｓｉlveｒ－ｍaｄｅphotothatstilｌexistsｔoday.Aｔthaｔtime，oｎthｅfirsｔdaycovers,therｅｗeｒeafｅwoflineｓsuｒroｕｎdinｇａroserimmeｄbydew．

IｆIcanstoｐoneＨｅarｔｆroｍbrｅakｉngIsｈallnotlｉｖeinｖainIfIcaneaｓｅonｅLiｆｅｔheＡｃhingOrcｏoｌｏnePain

OrheｌponｅfａintｉngRoｂiｎUnｔohｉsNeｓtagaｉnIshallnotliｖeiｎＶain

（1996,JiangＦeｎｇ)Ｔhｉspｏｅmｗaswrittenin１864.Itｗaｓaverynormaloneａｍountthe1７0０pｏemｓleｆtbyＤickｉnson,thｅsuｂjectａｎdthｅEmotiｏｎａlｏftheｐoemｗｅｒejustveｒyclosetｏthepopulａｒstｙleofｐoｅtｒyatthatｔime.IｔcaｎｂesaiｄｔhaｔthispoeｍdoｅｓnotreflｅctthetypicａlｓｔylｅofEmilyDｉckｉnson’spoetry．ＩfDickinｓonfinishｅｄaｌlherｐoeｔｒyｉnthissｔｙｌｅ,ｔhenｐeｒｈaｐsｔheedｉtｏｒswｏuldｎotｈａvｅcenｓｕrｅdher,ａｎdallheｒpｏｅｔrycouldcoｍeoutduｒiｎgheｒｌifetｉmｅ,ａndheｒpoeｔrywoｕldnotbeｓodifficultfｏrthｅlatergeneraｔionsｔｏｕｎｄerstaｎｄ.Self－sａt(yī)ｉsｆactｉonaｎdａltrｕiｓmｔhatrｅvｅaｌfromheｒｐoetryisstiｌlatopicfoｒalotofｐｏeｔesseventｏdaｙ.Hｏｗeveｒ,mostofDiｃkinsｏn'spｏetryisｎoｔsoeaｓｙtounｄerstandaｓthispoemanｄtheｙlｉkｅriddｌeｓthatarehａrdtoｒead.Hｅrｏｗnｄeepthiｎkingaｎｄtheｓoｐhisticatediｎtelligeｎcｅａｎdａｌternativestｙleｗereproｊecｔedｂetweｅnthelｉnes.Onlyafewofheｒpoeｍｓｗerepｕblｉsheddurｉngherlifetｉmｅ.Andtheyhａｄbeeｎdｉstorｔｅｄbｙtheｅdiｔorｓ’＂oｐeratioｎ",whiｃｈmadeheｒpoetｒybeｙoｎdｒecognｉtｉon.AｌthoｕghHiｇginsｏnfounｄtheｔalｅｎtontheneｗｗondeｒfｕｌｐoｅｔ,hecouｌdｎoｔfullyunderstand