污水輸送管各種管材比選中英文對(duì)照

8.4污水輸送管各種管材比選8.4ComparisonandSelectionofVariousTypesofSewageDeliveryTubing排水工程管材TubingforDrainageWorks目前國(guó)內(nèi)用于排水管道工程的管材有許多種，特別是近幾年來(lái)隨著新技術(shù)和新材料的發(fā)展，又出現(xiàn)了許多新管材，它們各有特點(diǎn)，各善勝場(chǎng)，運(yùn)用在排水行業(yè)，均有不俗的業(yè)績(jī)。Incurrentdomesticmarket,varioustypesoftubingfordrainageworksareavailable,especiallywiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyandnewmaterialsinrecentyears,manykindsofnewtubingaredeveloped,whichhavedifferentfeaturesandadvantagesandareappliedtodrainageindustrywithgoodperformance.用于排水管道工程的管材主要有：Themajortubingappliedtodrainagepipelineengineeringisasfollows:金屬管材（主要指鋼管、球墨鑄鐵管、灰口鑄鐵管等）；Metaltubing(mainlyrefertosteeltubes,spheroidalgraphiteirontubes,graycastirontubesetc.);普通的鋼筋混凝土管材（主要指一級(jí)、二級(jí)離心鋼筋混凝土管）；Commonreinforcedconcretetubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIandGradeIIcentrifugalreinforcedconcretetubes);加強(qiáng)的鋼筋混凝土管材（主要指三級(jí)離心鋼筋混凝土管、預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝管、預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筒混凝土管（簡(jiǎn)稱PCCP管））；Enhancedreinforcedconcretetubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIIIcentrifugalconcretetubes,prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes,prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort));玻璃鋼夾砂管材（主要指纏繞式玻璃鋼夾砂管和離心式玻璃鋼夾砂管等）；Glassreinforcedsandinclusiontubing(mainlyrefertospiralwoundtypeglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesandcentrifugalglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesetc.)合成材料管材（主要指UPVC、UPVC加強(qiáng)筋管、HDPE管、FRPP等）等。Compositematerialtubing(mainlyrefertoUPVC,UPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubesandFRPPtubesetc.)各種管材的比較ComparisonofVariousTubing1．金屬管材（主要指鋼管、球墨鑄鐵管、灰口鑄鐵管等）1．MetalTubing(mainlyrefertosteeltubes,spheroidalgraphiteirontubes,graycastirontubesetc.)鋼管(1)Steeltubes機(jī)械強(qiáng)度大，可承受很高的壓力，管件制作、加工方便，適用于地形復(fù)雜地段或穿越障礙等情況。但突出的問(wèn)題是管道的腐蝕及其防護(hù)。內(nèi)外防腐的施工質(zhì)量直接和管道的使用壽命有關(guān)，且鋼管的綜合造價(jià)較高。盡管如此，在一些特殊條件下仍是其它管材所不能替代的。Steeltubehasgreatmechanicalstrengthandiscapableofbearinghighpressure,andthefabricationandprocessingoftubingisconvenient,hencethesteeltubeisapplicabletotheareawithcomplexlandformorwithobstacles.However,theoutstandingissueisconcerninganti-corrosionandprotectionofthetubes.Constructionqualityofinternalandexternalanti-corrosionisdirectlyrelatedtoservicelifeofthetubes,andthecomprehensivecostofthesteeltubeisrelativelyhigh.Evenso,thesteeltubeisnotreplaceablebyothertubesundersomespecialcircumstances.球墨鑄鐵管(2)SpheroidalGraphiteIronTubes分可延性和鑄態(tài)球墨鑄鐵管，抗拉、抗彎強(qiáng)度大，延伸率大，耐壓力大，耐腐蝕優(yōu)于鋼管，但價(jià)格偏高，且管配件有時(shí)需用鋼制配件轉(zhuǎn)換，因而產(chǎn)生防腐問(wèn)題。Spheroidalgraphiteirontubesaredividedintoductileandas-castspheroidalgraphiteirontubes,whichhavegreatextensionandflexuralstrength,bigelongationpercentageandstrongpressure-resistanceforce.Theanti-corrosionperformanceisbetterthansteelpipes,butitspriceishigher,andsometimesitsfittingshavetobeswitchedwithsteelfittings,whichcausesanti-corrosionproblem.灰口鑄鐵管(3)GrayCastIronTubes物理性質(zhì)與球墨鑄鐵管類似，但在延伸率等較多方面均劣于球墨鑄鐵管，但灰口鑄鐵管價(jià)格適中。因制造過(guò)程中對(duì)環(huán)境的影響較大。目前已從以前的主流管材變?yōu)榇我懿摹tsphysicalpropertyissimilartothatofspheroidalgraphiteirontubes,butsomeaspectssuchaselongationpercentageareinferiortothespheroidalgraphiteirontubes.Thepriceofgraycastirontubesismoderate.Duetoitsgreatimpactonenvironmentduringproduction,thegraycastirontubeshavechangedfrommaintubinginthepasttimetosecondarytubing.2．普通的鋼筋混凝土管材（主要指一級(jí)、二級(jí)離心鋼筋混凝土管）2．CommonReinforcedConcreteTubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIandGradeIIcentrifugalreinforcedconcretetubes)使用時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，適用場(chǎng)合最廣泛，價(jià)格便宜，性能穩(wěn)定，目前仍是排水行業(yè)的最主要的管材。Owingtoadvantagesoflongservicelife,extensiveapplication,lowprice,andstableperformance,thecommonreinforcedconcretetubingisstillthemostmajortubinginthedrainageindustry.3．加強(qiáng)的鋼筋混凝土管材（主要指三級(jí)離心鋼筋混凝土管、預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝管、預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筒混凝土管（簡(jiǎn)稱PCCP管））3．EnhancedReinforcedConcreteTubing(mainlyrefertoGradeIIIcentrifugalconcretetubes,prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes,prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort))預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土管(1)Prestressedreinforcedconcretetubes預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土管：利用先張法、后張法對(duì)環(huán)向鋼筋、縱向鋼筋進(jìn)行張拉，使混凝土內(nèi)產(chǎn)生預(yù)應(yīng)力，從而提高管材的承截力。具有節(jié)約鋼材、抗震性好、使用壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)，據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝分為一階段管和三階段管。多用于有壓水的輸送，管徑范圍φ800—φ1400，承受內(nèi)壓能力為0.4—1.2Mpa，粗糙度系數(shù)n=0.013—0.014。Pre-stressedreinforcedconcretetube:Pre-tensioningandpost-tensioningmethodsareusedtotensioncircumferentialreinforcementsandlongitudinalreinforcementssoastogeneratepre-stressingforceinsideconcreteandfurtherimprovebearingforceoftubing.Thepre-stressedreinforcedconcretetubeischaracterizedinsavingsteelmaterial,goodearthquakeresistanceperformanceandlongservicelife.Accordingtomanufacturingtechnology,thetubesaredividedintophaseItubeandphaseIIItube.Theyaremainlyappliedtodeliveringpressurewater.Tubediametersrangeφ800—φ1400，internalpressurebearingcapacityis0.4—1.2Mpa，androughnesscoefficientisn=0.013—0.014.一階段和三階段管較耐腐蝕，價(jià)格一般，但工作壓力有限，自重大，運(yùn)輸安裝不便，管子破損率較高，管承口的不規(guī)則圓易導(dǎo)致接口漏水，管配件需用鋼制件轉(zhuǎn)換。PhaseIandphaseIItubesarerelativelycorrosionresistant,withmoderateprices,butworkpressureislimited,selfweightisgreat,transportationandinstallationisinconvenient,tubesbreakagepercentageisrelativelyhigh,theirregularcircleatthetubesocketeasilycauseswaterleakage,andthetubefittingrequiressteelpartsforadaptation.預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筒混凝土管（簡(jiǎn)稱PCCP管）(2)PrestressedSteelCylinderConcreteTubes(PCCPtubesforshort)PCCP管是由兩種不同材料組成的復(fù)合體，其結(jié)構(gòu)形式是由薄鋼板焊成的筒體外包混凝土，纏繞預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼絲和用砂漿作保護(hù)層。其特點(diǎn)是具有高抗?jié)B性，能承受很大的內(nèi)外荷載，接口密封性好。由于它本身能抵抗較大的外荷載，使其不須依賴土壤的側(cè)向支撐，因而對(duì)回填土要求較柔性管低。主要用于有壓水的輸送，管徑范圍為φ1200—φ2000，承內(nèi)壓的能力分為9級(jí)，最大可達(dá)2.0Mpa，粗糙度系數(shù)較其它混凝土管低，n=0.010—0.012，但其價(jià)格較貴。PCCPtubeisacompositeconsistingoftwodifferentmaterials,thestructuralformofwhichisthatacylinderweldedwiththinsteelsheetiscoveredwithconcrete,andisboundwithprestressingsteelwiresandtakesmortarasprotectivelayer.Itischaracterizedinthatithashighanti-leakingproperty,iscapableofbearingbiginternalandexternalload,anditsinterfaceiswellsealed.Itscapacityofresistinglargeexternalloadenablesitnottorelyonlateralsupportofthesoil,thereforeitsrequirementsonbackfillingsoilislowerthanonflexibletubes.ThePCCPtubeismainlyappliedtopressurewaterdelivery,itstubediameterrangesφ1200—φ2000,capacityofbearinginternalpressureisdividedin9levels,maximumcapacitymayreach2.0Mpa,roughnesscoefficientn=0.010—0.012islowerthanotherconcretetubes,butitspriceisrelativelyhigh.PCCP管分內(nèi)襯式和嵌置式,鋼環(huán)狀承插口密封性強(qiáng)，兼有鋼管和混凝土管的某些優(yōu)點(diǎn),但管材自重大,也需一些鋼制轉(zhuǎn)換件,運(yùn)輸、安裝不便，相應(yīng)增加了管材的施工制作配套費(fèi)用，必要時(shí)需在保護(hù)層外涂瀝青防腐。這種管材對(duì)于大口徑能顯示其性價(jià)比方面優(yōu)越性。PCCPtubesaredividedintoinnerliningtypeandinsertiontype,andsteelringshapedfaucethasgoodtightness.ThePCCPtubeshavesomeadvantagesofsteeltubesaswellasconcretetubes,butselfweightofthetubingisgreatanditrequiressomesteelpartstoadapt,thetransportationandinstallationisinconvenientwhichincreasescostsassociatedwithconstructionandfabricationofthetubing.Whennecessary,asphaltanti-corrosionshallbeappliedtotheoutsideoftheprotectivelayer.Suchtubingwithlargediametercanshowitsadvantagesinpriceandperformance.4.玻璃鋼夾砂管材（主要指纏繞式玻璃鋼夾砂管和離心式玻璃鋼夾砂管等）4.GlassReinforcedSandInclusionTubing(mainlyrefertospiralwoundtypeglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesandcentrifugalglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesetc.)分離心澆鑄玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)不飽和聚酯夾砂管和玻璃纖維纏繞增強(qiáng)熱固性樹脂夾砂復(fù)合管,具有重量輕，利于施工安裝，耐腐蝕等特點(diǎn)，使用周期長(zhǎng)，可達(dá)到50年以上，水力性能優(yōu)，管內(nèi)壁粗糙度n=0.008~0.010，在相同水力條件下，玻璃鋼管可代替比它直徑大一至二檔的混凝土管和鋼管、球墨鑄鐵管。但玻璃鋼夾砂管與同管徑管材相比價(jià)格偏高，且抗擊集中外力和不均勻外力的能力較弱。Itisdividedintocentrifugalcastglassreinforcedundersaturatedpolyestersandinclusiontubesandglassfiberspiralwoundreinforcedthermosetsandinclusioncompositetubes,whichischaracterizedinlightweight,facilitatinginstallationconstruction,andresistingcorrosion.Theservicelifecanreachover50years.Itshydraulicperformanceisexcellent,withtheinnerwallroughnessn=0.008~0.010，undersamehydrauliccondition,glassreinforcedsteeltubemaysubstituteconcretetubes,steeltubesandspheroidalgraphiteirontubesofwhichthediameterisonetotwogearsbiggerthanglasssteeltubes.However,comparedwithothertubingwithequaldiameter,thepriceofglassreinforcedsandinclusiontubesishigher,anditscapacityofresistingconcentratedexternalforceandunevenexternalforceisrelativelyweak.5．合成材料管材（主要指UPVC加強(qiáng)筋管、HDPE管、FRPP、塑料螺旋管等）5.CompositeMaterialTubing(mainlyreferstoUPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubesandFRPPtubesandplasticspiraltubesetc.)合成材料管材是近幾年才興起的新材料、新技術(shù)，它主要指UPVC加強(qiáng)筋管、HDPE管、FRPP管等，這些管材的制作必須符合國(guó)家和地方有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定。Compositematerialtubingisnewdevelopedmaterialandtechnologyinrecentyears,whichmainlyreferstoUPVCreinforcedtubes,HDPEtubes,andFRPPtubesetc.Thefabricationofthesetubesmustmeetrelevantnationalandlocalstandardsandstipulations.該類管材的特點(diǎn)主要有：Featuresofthistypetubinginclude:（1）內(nèi)壁光滑，水頭損失小，節(jié)省能耗；（1）Smoothinnerwall,minorlossofwater,savingenergy;（2）材質(zhì)輕，比重小，便于運(yùn)輸與施工安裝；（2）Light-weightmaterial,smallspecificgravity,beingconvenientfortransportationandconstruction;（3）管道接口密封性好，可確保管內(nèi)污水不外漏，并可順應(yīng)地基不均勻沉降，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生如硬性混凝土管的脫節(jié)斷裂現(xiàn)象；（3）Goodtightnessofthepipelineinterfacesmayensurenon-leakageofthesewageinthepipeandadapttounevensettlementoffoundation,andwillnotresultinthephenomenonofdisjunctionandbreakageofrigidconcretetubes.（4）耐腐蝕，適用壽命長(zhǎng)；（4）Corrosionresistanceandlongservicelife;（5）單根管道長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)；（5）Longlengthofsinglepieceofpipeline;（6）價(jià)格較貴，適用于中、小管徑。（6）Priceisrelativelyhigh,henceisapplicabletotubesofmediumandsmalldiameter.決定管材選用的綜合影響因素ComprehensiveInfluencingFactorsinDeterminingtheSelectionofTubing1．施工方法（包括打開(kāi)挖、維護(hù)開(kāi)挖、頂管、沉管及非開(kāi)挖等施工方法）；1．Constructionmethod(includingopenexcavationmethod,maintenanceexcavationmethod,pipejackingmethod,tubessinkingmethodandnon-excavationmethodetc.)4．管道埋深及地下水狀況；4．Burieddepthofthetubesandgroundwatercondition;5．施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)具體情況；5．Specificconditionofconstructionsite;6．施工周期；6．Constructionduration;7．地質(zhì)狀況；7．Geologicalcondition;8．回填質(zhì)量；8．Qualityofbackfilling;9．管材的物理性質(zhì)；9．Physicalpropertyofthetubes;10．管道接口形式及止水密封性能；10．Interfaceformandwatertightsealingperformanceofthepipeline;11．管道綜合價(jià)格（包括管材、運(yùn)輸及施工等綜合造價(jià)）；11．Comprehensivepriceofthepipeline(includingtubing,prehensivecosts);12．工程所在地的常規(guī)施工技術(shù)；12．Regularconstructiontechnologyoftheprojectlocation;13．工程所在地的常規(guī)管材品種及管徑系列；13．Regulartubingvarietyandtubingdiameterseriesintheprojectlocation;14．其它影響因素。14．Otherinfluencingfactors污水輸送管管材選擇方案比較ComparisonofSelectionProposalforSewageDeliveringTubing方案比選1.ProposalsComparisonandSelection近期建設(shè)范圍的污水輸送管主要為系統(tǒng)總管和干管，管徑大，主要為重力管道，輸送距離長(zhǎng)、埋深范圍大、支線接入較多，因此針對(duì)重力輸送管道管材，作以下4種較適用管材進(jìn)行方案比選：Thesewagedeliveringtubingoftheconstructionrangeinnearfutureismainlysystemmaintubeandtrunktubewithbigdiameter,whichbelongstogravitypipeline,withlongdeliverydistance,largeburyingdepthrangeandmultiplebranchlinesconnection.Basedonthegravitydeliveringpipelinetubing,thefollowing4proposalsaremadeforcomparisonandselection:（1）方案一：預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筒混凝土管（簡(jiǎn)稱PCCP管）；（1）ProposalI:prestressedsteelcylinderconcretetubes(PCCPtubesforshort);（2）方案二：鋼筋混凝土管；（2）ProposalII:reinforcedconcretetubes;（3）方案三：鋼管；（3）ProposalIII:steeltubes;方案四：玻璃鋼夾砂管。(4)ProposalIV:glasssteelsandtubes.污水輸送管管材方案比較表表-1ComparisonofSewageDeliveringTubingTable-1方案名稱NameofPropoosal方案一ProposallI方案二ProposallII方案三ProposallIII方案四ProposallIV管材名稱NameofTubinng預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筒混凝土土管（PCCP管）Prestresssedssteelcylinndercconcreetetuubes((PCCPtubess)鋼筋混凝土管Reinforccedcooncrettetubbes鋼管Steeltuubes玻璃鋼夾砂管Glassstteelssandttubes管內(nèi)承壓Inside-ttubelloadbbearinng高、中、低壓High,meedium,,lowpresssure中、低壓Medium,lowppressuure中、低壓Medium,lowppressuure中、低壓Medium,lowppressuure管道接口Pipelineeinteerfacee雙橡膠圈Doublerrubberrwashher鍥形橡膠圈Wedge-shhapedrubbeerwassher焊接welding柔性橡膠圈Flexibleerubbberwaasher接口密封性Sealingperfoormancceofinterrface好Good好Good好Good較好Relativeelygoood抗不均勻沉降能力力Capacityyofrresisttinguunevennsetttlemennt較好Relativeelygoood較好Relativeelygoood好good較好Relativeelygoood抗集中外力損傷能能力Capacityyofrresisttingddamageesbyconceentrattedexxternaalforrce好Good好Good好Good較差Relativeelypooor管材防腐性Anti-corrrosioonproopertyyofttubingg好Good一般Common較差（需進(jìn)行防腐腐處理）relativeelypooor(nneedaanti-ccorrossivettreatmment)較好Relativeelygoood粗糙系數(shù)Roughnessscoeefficiient0.0120.0140.0120.010壁厚Wallthiicknesss厚Thick厚Thick較薄Relativeelythhin一般Common重量Weight重heavy重heavy較輕Relativeelyliight較輕Relativeelyliight防滲Anti-leaakage好Good較好Relativeelygoood較好Relativeelygoood較好Relativeelygoood使用壽命Servicelife長(zhǎng)Long較長(zhǎng)Relativeelyloong一般Common較長(zhǎng)Relativeelyloong基礎(chǔ)處理Foundatiiontrreatmeent一般不需特殊處理理，基礎(chǔ)可填填砂Normallyyunneecessaarytoomakeespeccialttreatmment;founddationnmaybefiilledwithsand一般需設(shè)條形混凝凝土基礎(chǔ)Normallyyneeddstriipconncreteefounndatioon一般不需特殊處理理，基礎(chǔ)可填填砂Normallyyunneecessaarytoomakeespeccialttreatmment,theffoundaationmaybbefillledwwithssand基礎(chǔ)必須填砂，均均勻密實(shí)Foundatiionmuustbeefillledwiithsaand,eevenaandcoompactt施工質(zhì)量Construcctionqualiity較易控制，較易保證RelativeelyeaasytoobeccontroolledRelativeelyeaasytoobeeensureed易控制，易保證Easytobecoontrollled;easytobeeensuured易控制，易保證Easytobecoontrollled;easytobeeensuured一般Common對(duì)土質(zhì)適應(yīng)性Adaptabiilitytosooilquualityy較強(qiáng)Relativeelysttrong強(qiáng)Strong強(qiáng)Strong較強(qiáng)Relativeelysttrong管道敷設(shè)整體性Integrittyofpipellinellayingg好Good較好Relativeelygoood好Good較好Relativeelygoood回填要求Backfilllingrrequirrementt一般Common一般Common一般Common很高Veryhiggh施工方法Construcctionmethood較復(fù)雜Relativeelycoompliccated簡(jiǎn)單Simple簡(jiǎn)單Simple一般common安全性Safety高High較高Relativeelyhiigh高High一般Common管徑系列Tubediaameterrseriies較齊全Relativeelycoomplette齊全Completee齊全Completee大管徑稍受限制Bigdiammeterisliimitedd管道埋深Embedmenntdeppth不受限制Norestrrictioon不受限制Norestrrictioon不受限制Norestrrictioon受限制Restrictted施工方法Construcctionmethood施工方法較多（開(kāi)開(kāi)槽、頂管等等）Multiplee(channnelingg,