外研社高中英語必修五單元一各知識點5-1

Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish(2011·全國卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，你所喜愛的Global

Mirror周報創(chuàng)刊五周年之際征集讀者意見。請你依據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給主編寫封信，內(nèi)容主要包括：1．說明你是該報的忠實讀者2．贊賞該報優(yōu)點：(1)兼顧國內(nèi)外新聞(2)介紹名人成功故事3．提出建議：刊登指導英語學習的文章注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，開頭和結尾已為你寫好；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearEditor-in-Chief，Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobal

Mirror!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours，LiHua【滿分作文】DearEditor-in-Chief，Congratulationsonthe5thanniversaryofGlobalMirror!

①I'maregularreaderofyournewspaper.②Ilikeitverymuchmainlyforthefollowingtworeasons.First，itcoversbothnationalandinternationalnewssothat，bysimplyturningthepages，Icanlearnallimportantthingsthathavehappenedduringtheweek.③Equallyattractivearethesuccessstoriesofworld-famouspeople，whichhelpmeunderstandhowapersoncanworkhardtomaketheworldabetterplace.④Asayoungstudent，IsuggestthatGlobalMirrorcarryarticlestoguideusinourEnglishlearning，andIhopethatitwillbecomeevenmorepopular.Sincerelyyours，LiHua【高級詞匯】cover包含；報道equally同樣地；等同地attractive吸引人的【佳句變換】It'sagreathonortobearegularreaderofGlobalMirror.Ilikethenewspaperverymuchandthemainreasonsareasfollows：Meanwhile，thesuccessstoriesofworld-famouspeopleareequallyattractive，whichopenawindowbeforeme，fromwhichIcanseehowapersoncanworkhardtomaketheworldabetterplace.Asayoungstudent，I'dliketoreadmorearticleswhichcangiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwellandI'msureGlobalMirrorwillbecomeevenmorepopular.

1．compare

vt.比較2．a(chǎn)ttempt

n．努力；嘗試3．obvious

adj.顯然的，顯而易見的→obviously

adv.顯然地4．confusing

adj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confused

adj.感到困惑的→confuse

v．使困惑→confusion

n．困惑5．variety

n．種類→various

adj.各種各樣的→vary

v．改變，不同6．differ

vi.不同，有區(qū)別→different

adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的→difference

n．區(qū)別，差異7．remark

n．評論；講話→remarkable

adj.顯著的，非凡的A考綱詞匯——思憶8．steadily

adv.不斷地；持續(xù)地→steady

adj.穩(wěn)定的9．rapidly

adv.迅速地→rapid

adj.迅速的10．a(chǎn)nnouncement

n．聲明；宣告→announce

v．宣布，宣告，聲明11．a(chǎn)dd

vt.加；增加→addition

n．加；增加物12．present

vt.陳述；提出(觀點、計劃等)→present

n．禮物→present

adj.出席的；現(xiàn)在的；目前的13．simplify

vt.簡化→simple

adj.簡單的→simply

adv.簡單地14．criticise

vt.批評→criticism

n．批評→critic

n．批評家，評論家15．reference

n．參考；查閱→refer

v．參考；查閱；涉及 ——字詞入章，相得益彰Thelinguistpresentatthemeetingremarkedthatweshouldbebraveenoughtofacevariouscriticismandchallengesinourlife.Obviously，whathesaidisright.Therearemanythingsinlifewesimplycan'tchangeorcontrol，butwecancontrolourattitudestowardsthem.Ourattitudesmakeallthedifferencetoourlife.Atlast，headdedthatcomparedtothepast，wearelivingabetterlifenowandwemustseizethegoodopportunitytomakesteadierprogress.1．有相同的特點have...incommon2．有影響，使不相同makeadifference3．四處走動(旅行)getaround4．與……相似besimilarto5．做某事有困難havedifficulty(in)doingsth6．引起；導致leadto7．同意；支持infavourof8．稱……為……referto...as...9．幸虧，多虧thanksto10．學會；接人；收聽(廣播)pickupB重點短語——識記1．while位于句中，常表對比，意思為“而，卻”TheBritishsayHaveyougot...？WhileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...？(而美國人更喜歡說Doyouhave...？)2．sothat引導結果狀語從句，意為“結果，因此”ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，sothatsomepeoplenowbelieve(結果有些人現(xiàn)在認為)thatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.C經(jīng)典句式——再現(xiàn)3．v.-ing短語位于句尾作結果狀語時，表示自然而然、意料之中的結果Bythe1850sitwassellingonemillioncopiesayear，makingitoneofthemostpopularschoolbooksever.(使得它成為最受歡迎的學校課本之一).

A

核心單詞——巧布點，基石奠confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的①Ialwaysconfuseyouwithyourbrother.Youaresomuchalike.我老是把你和你弟弟弄混了。你們那么像。②Hestoodtherein_confusion.他困窘地站在那里。HisabstracttheoryissoconfusingthatIoftengetconfusedathiswords.他抽象的理論令人如此困惑以至于我經(jīng)常搞不明白他在說什么。①Compared_with/tohermother，sheistall.和她媽媽比較起來，她算是很高了。②TheviewinJiuzhaigouisbeyond_compare.九寨溝的景色無與倫比。comparev．比較，匹敵，比喻；相比n.比較 ——看看高考怎么考

Recentlyasurvey________pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011·江蘇卷，單項31)A．compared B．comparingC．compares D．beingcompared答案BAttitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.(2011·重慶卷，閱讀C)現(xiàn)在對臟物的態(tài)度依然迥異。differvi.不同，有區(qū)別；相異；意見不同BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinmanyways.→BritishEnglishdiffersfromAmericanEnglishinmanyways.→BritishEnglishisdifferentfromAmericanEnglishinmanyways.→TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinmanyways.英國英語和美國英語在很多方面有區(qū)別。a．Inaword，theProgramaimstoencouragestudentstobeactivecitizensandengagethemselvesinmakingadifferenceinsociety.(2011·天津)b．TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughouttheclass，whichwastotallydifferentfromthelessonsIhadtakenbefore.(2010·湖北)——滿分作文之佳句Informationispresentedinanentertainingway.(2011·上海卷，閱讀C)信息被以一種輕松娛樂的方式展現(xiàn)出來。presentv．陳述；提出；贈送；頒發(fā)adj.出現(xiàn)的；出席的；現(xiàn)在的n.禮物；贈品；現(xiàn)在巧學助記Whataretheissuesfacingtheworkersforthepresent?當前工人面臨的問題是什么？小貼士present作形容詞，表示“在場的”時，通常作表語或后置定語；表示“現(xiàn)在的”時，常用作前置定語。

Therewereinall700studentspresentthemeetingonTeacher'sDay.Somestudentspresentedflowerstotheirteachersasfestivalpresents(present)． ——滿分作文之佳句a．Theypresentedthelovinghearttotheelderly.(浙江卷)b．Andrespectfullytheypresentedtheelderlywithflowersandfruits. (浙江卷)c．Whensomeonesendsuspresents，weoftensay“It'snotnecessary.”besides“Thankyou.” (四川卷)d．Inmyopinion，everyonepresentshouldlistenmoretoothers. (江蘇卷)Theystruggledintheirdesperateattemptstoescape.(2010·湖北卷，閱讀A)他們千方百計想逃跑。attemptn．努力，嘗試，企圖vt.嘗試，企圖①Theymadeanattempttoescape/atescaping.他們企圖逃跑。②Hesucceededinreachingthetopofthemountainathisfirstattempt.他第一次嘗試就成功到達了山頂。集訓中心Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．It'svery________(顯然的；顯而易見的)thatwehavetocanceltonight'sperformance.2．Don'tmakerude________(評論)abouthisappearance.3．Theinstructionsontheboxareso________(令人困惑的；難懂的)thatI'vedoneitallwrong.4．Thesegirlscomefroma________(種類)ofdifferentbackgrounds.5．Theequipmentpickedupthesignalfromthe________(衛(wèi)星)．6．InEnglishthespellingofwordsdoesn'talways________(代表)thesound.7．All__________(努力；嘗試)tocontrolinflationhavefailed.8．Theairlinehasstrictsafety________(標準)．9．Some300paperswere________(提交)attheconference.Itwasreallyoutofouranticipation.10．I________(比較)thecopywiththeoriginal，buttherewasnotmuchdifference.答案1.obvious2.remarks3.confusing4.variety5．satellite

6.represent7.attempts8.standards9．paredⅡ.單項填空1．Thetwobrothersaresimilar________appearance，butdifferwidely________theirtastes.A．to；fromB．in；inC．to；in D．in；from2．Thegirl________heropinionastohowtosolvetheproblemtotheinterviewerclearly.A．presentedB．providedC．preservedD．Supplied3．________withhissister，Jerryisevenmoresensitive，andmoreeasilytroubledbyemotionalandrelationshipproblems.(2012·南昌模擬)A．ComparingB．ComparedC．CompareD．Tocompare4．Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation______informationinamoreeffectiveway.(北京卷)A．presentingB．presentedC．beingpresentedD．topresent5．HehasbeenpreparingcarefullyforhisEnglishexaminationsothathecouldbesureofpassingitathisfirst________.A．purposeB．desireC．a(chǎn)ttemptD．intention答案1.B2.A

3.B4.D5.CSocratesandConfuciushadmuchincommon.(2010·江西卷，閱讀C)蘇格拉底和孔子有很多共同點。B

核心短語——點入線，基礎建have...incommon有相同的特點，有共同之處In_common_withalotofothercountries，we'refacingalotofeconomicchallenges.同許多別的國家一樣，我國也面臨著經(jīng)濟挑戰(zhàn)。Muscle(肌肉)problemscanleadtokidney(腎臟)problems.(2010·湖南卷，閱讀A)肌肉問題可導致腎病。leadto引起；導致；通向①Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是怎樣得出這個結論的？②Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothe_thief_being_caught.新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)致使小偷被抓。辨析leadto/liein(1)leadto意為“引起，導致”時，主語是原因，賓語是結果，相當于resultin。(2)liein意為“在于”，主語是結果，賓語是原因，相當于resultfrom。Thegoodresultlies_inthecorrectmethods，thatistosay，correctmethodsleads_togoodresult.Thegoodresultliesinthecorrectmethods，thatistosay，correctmethodsleadstogoodresult. ——滿分作文之佳句a．Whatsizeofanorganizationmayleadtocommunicationfailures？ (2011·上海)b．Sadly，thishasresultedinanumberofpersonsbeingforcedtoleavetheirhomesand/orunabletofindnewaffordablehomes.

(2011·遼寧)c．Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecondhandsmoke，whichcauses100,000deathsperyear. (2010·廣東)d．Usuallynegativeattitudesbringaboutabadmood.(江西卷)have...incommon；makeadifference；getaround；besimilarto；havedifficultyindoingsth；leadto；infavorof；thanksto；makeafussof；haveastronginfluenceon

1．Myopiniononthismatter________Kay's.2．Withtheboyleadingus，we________thehouseofthatoldman.3．Mostpeoplevotedforthepolicy，thatis，theywere______it.4．________thehelpoftheTVprogram，theselostchildrenfoundtheirparentsatlast.集訓中心Ⅰ.選詞填空6．Whatthepresidentsaidatthemeeting________tothedevelopmentofthecountry.7．Workinginaninternationalfirm，healwayshaschancesto________.8．Alltheexperiments________thesameconclusion.9．Theactivitiesoftheparents________theirchildren.10．Asparents，youshouldn'talways__________thechildren.答案1.issimilarto

2.hadnodifficulty(in)finding

3.infavorof

4.Thanksto

5.have；incommon

6.madeagreatdifference7.getaround8.ledto9.haveastronginfluenceon10.makeafussofⅡ.單項填空1．Itwasstayinguplatelastnightthat________hisbeinglateforwork.(2012·福州模擬)A．gotto B．resultedfromC．devotedto D．ledto2．Shethoughtitwasworthwhileforhertoteachinthesmallvillagetomakea________tothelifeofthechildrenthere.(2012·黃岡一模)A．difference B．sense C．study D．Discovery3．Idon'tneedthedictionary________.Thankyouverymuchallthesame.(2012·濟南模擬)A．a(chǎn)tpresentB．forpresentC．onpresentD．inpresent4．Youlikesurfingandchattingallnight，too？Don'tyouthinkwehavesomuch________？(2012·太原模擬)A．incommonB．ofcommonC．oncommonD．withcommon5．—HowaboutyourtriptoItaly?—Oh，________thefineweather，weenjoyedourselvesindeed.(2012·皖南十校模擬)A．butforB．thankstoC．inspiteofD．a(chǎn)ccountfor答案1.D2.A

3.A4.A5.Bhavedifficultyindoingsth/withsth做某事有困難(difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞；in?？梢允÷?C

核心句型——線入面，靈犀現(xiàn)ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.一個倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。(1)havesome/much/great/no/little/alittledifficulty(in)doingsth/withsth,做某事有些/很多/很大/沒有/幾乎沒有/有點困難(2)There'ssome/muchdifficulty(in)doingsth/withsth做某事有些/很困難(3)go/runintodifficulty陷入困難

①Toeveryone'ssurprise，thereisnodifficultymakingthechanges.令人驚奇的是，做出這些變化竟毫不費力。②Youcan'timaginewhatgreatdifficultywehaveeverhaddealingwiththeproblems.你想像不到我們處理這些問題時所遇到的困難。小貼士(1)havedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困難，其中difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞，介詞in可以省略。(2)difficulty可換成trouble，problem，ahardtime等；若difficulty后跟名詞時，介詞in換成with。(3)在考試中，常將havedifficultydoingsth短語中的difficulty提前作先行詞，因此定語從句中的謂語動詞常為havedoing形式。

集訓中心Ⅰ.單項填空

1．Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010·上海高考)A．find B．found C．tofind D．finding2．Computersareplayinganimportantroleinourdailylifeand________ishardtofindafieldwherecomputersaren'tbeingused.A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．it D．this3．Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney______menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.A．but B．whileC．because D．Though4．Ifsomethingis“dog-eat-dog”，itisasituation________peoplehavetotakecareofthemselvesandlookaftertheirowninterests.(2011·南京一模)A．onwhich B．inwhichC．bywhich D．forwhich5．Doyouknowthedifficultywehad________yourhouse?A．tofind B．findC．finding D．fromwhat答案

1.D2.C

3.B4.B5.CⅡ.翻譯句子1．我用英語同外國人交談很費勁。_________________________________________________________2．我不想和我家人之間有任何麻煩。_________________________________________________________答案1.Ihavemuchdifficulty(in)talkingwiththeforeignersinEnglish.2．Idon'twanttohaveanytroublewithmyfamily.【題型解讀】應用文的總體寫作要求是：格式正確；語言簡潔、精練，無語法及詞語搭配錯誤?！緫獙Σ呗浴繎梦耐ǔＳ幸欢ǖ母袷剑也煌愋偷膽梦?，其格式也不相同。所以掌握一些應用文的基本格式并能熟練運用非常重要。由于高考中的應用文寫作中書信和發(fā)言稿比較常見，下面主要介紹它們的應對策略。對應學生用書P1211．英語書信英語書信的特點是開門見山，即一開篇就點明題旨。除了常規(guī)的問候之外，不妨直接用“Iamwritingtotellyou...”類似的句子開頭，直截了當，言簡意賅。文章第二段可以詳細介紹題中所提示的具體內(nèi)容。為了提高文章的連貫性和條理性，考生應注意運用一些表示邏輯順序的詞匯，如first，second，what'smore，finally等將內(nèi)容巧妙地連貫起來，從而形成有機的整體。最后一段是結尾段，應該客氣地詢問對方的意見，是否滿意某種安排，同時表達真誠的祝福和熱情的問候，體現(xiàn)中學生文明禮貌素養(yǎng)。2．發(fā)言稿為了引起對方注意，發(fā)言稿須使用稱呼語和結束語。發(fā)言稿的特定形式?jīng)Q定了其口語性很強，因此應該少用復雜句，多用簡單句。發(fā)言稿第一段側重介紹事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結局。第二段應緊扣主題表示歡迎、號召、建議、個人看法等，根據(jù)提示表達自己的看法或意愿等。值得注意的是，在進行應用文寫作時，考生應根據(jù)提示決定稱呼語的人稱和文中句子的時態(tài)?！究碱}示例】假定你是李華，David是你的美國筆友。他對中國鼓勵使用環(huán)保購物袋很感興趣，來信向你詢問此事。請你給他寫封回信，主要內(nèi)容如下：感謝他的關注。簡要介紹相關情況。談談你的感想。注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右，信的格式已為你寫好。2．可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3．參考詞匯：環(huán)保購物袋environment-friendlyshoppingbag關注concernDearDavid，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，Li