2021年12月大學英語四級考試真題(第3套)

2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料202112月大學英語四級考試真題3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampus.Youarenowtowriteareportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)12第二套相同，因此本套聽力部分不再重復給出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifakillerjustchasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there'snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou're stillfilledwith_26Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto_27,oreventurnoff,thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?Research is_28, but some studies suggest that people who can masterluciddreaming—thatis,theabilitytobe_29thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup—mayholdthe_30Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors_31don'tconsideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan_32fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby_33research,accordingto the American Academyof Sleep Medicine, whichanalyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent_34publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople_35tohavedifferentkindsofnightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.A)amountI)mechanicalB)answerJ)resultC)avoidK)reviewD)awareL)rigorousE)departG)fearM)tendO)typicallyF)drasticallyH)limitedN)timiditySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyitmattersthatteensarereadinglessMostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday'steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.Digitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,youngpeoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.Andthatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimatewouldnodoubtrise.C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasiteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradaytoanhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemostadultsspendperweekatwork.Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveupsomeotheractivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaandentertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessoftheother.Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemoviesonceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieissomethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonisthatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthatmostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday'steensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonotethatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurveyallowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago.Fortoday'syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheirdailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostofthemarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinkingandreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveeverbeensince1972.Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebookswrittenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehendinglongerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteensssmartphonesandreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.ResearchhasshownthatsmartphonesarecurrentlyAmericanteens'mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withoutasmartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteensneedtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmediatimetomentalhealthissuessuggestsalimitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,arestrictionthatwillalsoallowtimeforotheractivities—likegoingtothemovieswithfriendsorreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythewidespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggestnegativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebestwaystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefactfromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudentandaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies.alotwillgowithit.Manyyears'surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchlessoftenthantheyusedto.SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthreetimesover20years.Manyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeanadecreaseoftimeforotheractivities.Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles.Overadecadeorso,Americanteens'socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivitytoaroutineone.AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthanaroundfourdecadesago.Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursadayonelectronicdevices.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearliergenerations.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileitmaysoundsafetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackoftouchingmightimplycoldattitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.SowhatshouldwedoThesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsforphysicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(術語),physicalcontactandthestudyoftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedintotwogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contactcultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,areconsideredtobeinhigh-contactcultures,wheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness. Despite theclassification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelationalcloseness,gender,age,andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeek-kissing,butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends,closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoauniversalgreetingform,itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However,gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheck-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoramanandawomanbutnottwomen.IncontrastincertainArabianAfricanandAsiancountriesmencanpubliclyholdhandsorshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggestaromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworldAlthoughmen'stouchingismorenormalintheseculturesphysicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersisnegativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile觸覺的communicationandphysicalintimacyThereforeifyouaresomeonewholovestoshowphysicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviorsjustaskforconsentbeforehand!Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.Whatdoesphysicalcontactincommunicationsuggest?Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.Whatdowelearmaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries?Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.Physicalcontactbetweenunfamiliarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.Takeotherpeople'spreferenceintoconsideration.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic大流行病andbeyondtheissuesfacingtoday'sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamicYetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnewapproachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinkingAstudyledbyYaleProfessorofPsychologyPaulO'Keefefoundthathavingagrowthmindset(思維傾向ofinterestmaysparkthistypeofinnovation.ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthenatureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbedevelopedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestsareinherent(Buildingonthese

生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobe'found.'findings,thelatestresearchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthetraditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajorsbycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.Aftercodingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindsetofinterestweremorelikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajorslikecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas,likecomputationalchemistry.AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,“Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizationswhoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesforexample.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge,butalsoanunderstandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowthmindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgetoachievebettersolutions.”Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCO