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2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題試卷一(完整版)Part I Writing(25minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)完成該部分,之后將進(jìn)行聽力考)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainreasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast 120wordsbutnomorethan 180words.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Part II Listening (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A)Itwasdangeroustolivein.B)Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C)HecouldnolongerpaytheD)Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.A)Astrike.Astorm.AforestAterroristattack.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A)Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B)Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C)Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D)Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio. A)Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.B)Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C)Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D)TheyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandQuestions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A)Raisepostagerates.B)Improveitsservices.C)Redesigndeliveryroutes.D)Closesomeofitspostoffices. A)Shorteningbusinesshours.B)Closingofficesonholidays.C)StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D)Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.A)Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B)Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C)Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D)Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest answer fromthe four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A)Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B)Hewillgothroughretraining.C)Hewillbegivenawarning.D)Hewilllosepartofhispay. A)Heisalwaysontime.B)HeisatrustworthyC)Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D)Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B)Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C)Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D)Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.Heisskilledandexperienced.B)Heisveryclosetothemanager.Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Open.Friendly.Selfish.Theystayquiet.B)TheyreadaTheytalkabouttheweather.Theychatwithfellowpassengers.Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B)ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.Housesaremuchmorequiet.B)Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C)Theywanttohavemorespace.D)TheywantagardenoftheirSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesorfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B)TheyarelikelytogetmuchhigherTheydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.D)Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B)Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C)Visittheschoolcareersservice.D)Gothroughcampusnewspapers.Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B)Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C)Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D)Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Ittastesbetter.B)ItiseasiertoItmaybesoldatahigherprice.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.ItishealthierthangreenB)Itcangrowindriersoil.Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D)Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B)Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C)Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.B)Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C)Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D)Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.Theywereproudoftheircreations.B)Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C)Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D)Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.Makewisechoices.B)Identifyfakecrafts.C)Designhandicraftsthemselves.D)Learntheimportanceofcreation.Toboostthelocaleconomy.B)ToattractforeignC)Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D)Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢminutes)SectionA
ReadingComprehension (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow(26) heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(27) to coralbleaching珊瑚白化andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(28) .Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(29) .Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(30) ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(31) ofBritishnavalshipsmodem automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources,(32) computer simulations ( 計(jì)算機(jī)模擬), created a timeline of ocean temperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossil(33) .About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(34) ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theythey're(35) whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerquestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetCanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination.Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’11findplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems.Themostlikelytypeofburglary(人室盜竊)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeof opportunity,usually involving a broken window or some forcedentry.AccordingtotheFB1.crimesliketheseaccountedfor roughlytwoofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2013.Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal.unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen.TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics.Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome—securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether.Withsetups,thefearisthataburglar(人室盜賊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplyby cutting the rightcable.Withawirelesssetup.youstick battery—poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows。doors,motion,and more.If they detect something wrong while the system armed.they’lltransmitawirelessaleftsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm.Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord—cuttingconcerns--butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent,jamming?withthefightdevicetunedtothefrequency,what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?Jammingconcernsarenothingnew,andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems.Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency.Forcomparison.1et’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople--allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear.Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—matmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling.Theywill.however.needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfo.Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse,thatdpointthemintherightdirection,thoughatthatpoint,we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted,semi—sophisticatedattack,andnotthesortofforced—entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers.Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks.SimpliSafe,winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction.utilizesa special system that’s capableof separating incidental RF interference targetedjammingattacks.Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed,it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報).Fromthere,it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually.SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment.AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab,wetestedtheattackoutforourselves,andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment.However.wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jamming system works.It caught us in the act,sent an alert to smartphone,andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog.Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem,orwhetherornotitdetectedthem.Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware.Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks .thenfigureoutawayaroundit.Eveniftheycould,SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving,andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem,whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit.Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming.TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite,citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t documentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s.Jammingattacksare absolutelypossible.As said before.with the fightequipmentandtherightknow—how,it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission.Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti—jammingsystem.First,athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome,specifically.Then,he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup.Presumably,youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway,sothethiefwill still needtobreakin.Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow,orbreakingawindow.He’11needtobejammingyouatthispoint,asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm.S0,too,wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome,sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal.However.he’11needtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto.Attheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash —and—grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany—sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome,onethatincludescommonsensethings like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night.No system isimpenetrable,andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoreticallyexploit.Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst —casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)?上作答。It is possible for burglarsto make jamming attacks with the equipmentandskill.Interferingwith awirelesssecuritysystem is similartointerfering with conversation..Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm,both insideandoutsidethehouse..SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental interferencefromtargeted jammingattacks.40.Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans.41.ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging.Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected.Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewireless securitysystem.SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone.Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerPassageOne
2ithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)?上作答。WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D)TheywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesofWhyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B)Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B)Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C)Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D)Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B)Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia厭食癥resultsindeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteMentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Profession
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