高等學(xué)校研究生英語綜合教程上Unit

高等學(xué)校研究生英語綜合教程上UnitCulinaryDelightsinChinaReadingFocus

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding2LocalChinesecuisines3Everydishhasastory4Warmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfood(Paras.2-5)(Paras.6-11)(Paras.12-15)①Introduction(Para.1)LocalChinesecuisinesSichuancuisine:__________________________________________________________theuseofChinesepricklyashseedsandotherspiceslikechilipepper

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingdeliciousyeteconomicalfamous

foritsspicyandhotfoodItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.(Para.2)school:學(xué)派LaoziisoneofthemainworksoftheSchoolofTaoist.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationHere,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.(Para.3)fare:n.票價(jià)；費(fèi)用；旅客；食物例：1)Hecouldbarelyaffordthefare.他幾乎付不起車費(fèi)。2)Forfishers,thisistheeverydayfare,thoughnotusuallyforthemorningmealaswell!這些食物對漁民來說，雖然都是日常的食糧，但他們自己也甚少在早上享用。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation

Guangdongcuisine:withits_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.famousfor

__________________________________________

__________________________________________C._____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingown

characteristicsthathas

exertedafar-reaching

influenceonother

partsof

Chinaandtheworlditsseafoodas

wellasforitsoriginality

andrefinedcooking

processesofferingvarioussoupsLocalChinesecuisinesGuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.(Para.4)moderate:(adj.)neitherverybignorverysmall,veryhotnorverycold,veryfastnorveryslowetc中等的，適度的moderateexercise適度的運(yùn)動amoderateincome過得去的收入havemoderatesuccess大致還算成功atamoderatespeed以適中的速度“produce”,usedasanoun,means

foodorotherthingsthathavebeengrownorproducedonafarmtobesolde.g.

freshlocalproduce新鮮特產(chǎn)

dairyproduce奶產(chǎn)品

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,theprovincehasdevelopedaculinaryculturewithitsowncharacteristicsthathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellasthroughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonlyavailableChinesecuisine.(Para.4)exert:vt.施加(影響、壓力);運(yùn)用(權(quán)威);耗費(fèi)(自己的精力)例：1)Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityontheseissues.他對科學(xué)界在這些問題上的思考施加了相當(dāng)大的影響。2)Donotexertyourselfunnecessarily.不要無謂地耗費(fèi)自己的精力。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationZhejiangcuisine:A.___________________B.____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinglightandexquisitewiththerefreshingflavors

ofnatureLocalChinesecuisines

Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelower

YangtzeRiver.(Para.5)

light:(adj.)foodoralchholicdrinkthatislighteitherdoesnothaveastrongflavororiseasytodigest

e.g.1)Wehadalightwhitewinewiththefish.2)alight,refreshingdessertexquisite:(adj.)

extremelybeautifulanddelicate

精致的；精美的e.g.

anexquisitehand-paintedvase精致的手繪花瓶

ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint

---butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.(Para.5)authentic:adj.真正的，真實(shí)的；可信的例：authenticItalianfood.正宗的意大利食品。

Ihadobtainedtheauthenticdetailsaboutthebirthoftheorganization.我已經(jīng)弄到了有關(guān)該組織成立的可靠的詳細(xì)資料ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingGoubuli:A.Goubulisteamedbuns______________________________

_____________________________.B.Theywere________________________________________

_________________________________________________.DongpoMeat:A.___________________________________,agreatpoetoftheNorthernSongDynasty.B.________________________________________________.first

soldin

Tianjinabout

150

yearsago

sopopularthat

theownerhadnotimeto

answerhiscustomersThisdishwasnamedafter

SuDongpoHerewardedworkerswith

stewedporkinsoysauceItissaidthat,whenhewasinchargeofthedrainageworkfortheWestLake,SuDongporewardedworkerswithstewedporkinsoysauce,andpeoplelaternameditDongpoMeat,tocommemoratethisgiftedandgenerouspoet.(Para.9)

rewardsb.withsth.:獎(jiǎng)賞Thosescientificandtechnologicalpersonnelhavebeenrewardedwithagreatsumofmoney.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingBuddhaJumpingovertheWall:Thisdishwascreatedinthe__________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________.B.Itisprepared_________________________________.C.______________________________.

GatheringSpringGarden

inFuzhou,Fujian,during

thereignofQingEmperor

Guangxu.withmore

than20mainingredientsApoetwroteapoemfor

thedish

BuddhaJumpingovertheWallwascreatedinarestaurantcalledGatheringSpring

GardeninFuzhou,Fujian,duringthereignoftheQingEmperor,Guangxu(1875-1908).

(Para.11)

reign:(n.)theperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneiskingorqueen

e.g.

changesthattookplaceduringhisreignreign:(v.)toruleanationorgroupofnationsastheirking,queen,oremperore.g.

GeorgeVIreignedfrom1936to1952.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Fragrancespreadstotheneighborhoodoncethelidlifts,OnewhiffandtheBuddajumpsthewall,abandoningtheZenprecepts.(Para.11)壇啟葷香飄四鄰，佛聞棄禪跳墻來。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingEatinghabitshavenotchanged.A.Theoldandyoung__________________________________.B.Elders_____________________________________________

____________________________.C.Thehostessorhost___________________________________.D.Everyone___________________________________________.sitinorder

ofseniority

selectfoodforthe

youngand

theyoungmake

toaststotheeldersapportions

thedishestotreatgueststakesinto

considerationthe

needsofthe

groupTheeldersselectfoodfortheyoungwhiletheyoungmaketoaststotheelders.(Para.12)

Ifyoumakeatoasttosomeone,youdrinksomethinginordertothankthem,wishthemlucketc.e.g.

I'dliketomakeatoasttothebrideandgroom.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

InChina,foodeatenduringfestivalsisparticularlyimportant.Atdifferentfestivals,

peoplepartakeofdifferentfare.(Para.15)

partakeof:toeatordrinksomethingthatisofferedtoyou

e.g.

1)Grandmotherlikestopartakeofasmallglassofsherrybeforelunch.

2)Willyoupartakeofaglassofwine?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingSpecialfoodforsocial

festivals:A.__________________________________________________.B.__________________________________________________.C.__________________________________________________.JiaozifortheSpringFestivalYuanxiaofortheLantern

FestivalZongziforDuanwuFestivalWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodAttheDuanwufestival,peopleeatzongzi,glutinousricewrappedintriangularshapeinreedleaves,tocommemoratethebelovedpoetQuYuan,whodrownedhimselfintheMiluoRiverafterbeingpoliticallywronged.(Para.15)

wrong:n.壞事；不公正adj.錯(cuò)誤的；失常的；不適當(dāng)?shù)膙t.委屈；無理地對待；誹謗Youwrongedhimwhenyousaidthathewasdishonest.你說他不誠實(shí)是屈了他了。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationTextExploration

Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P43)

ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-CDABDBBDABTask1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P46)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ABBCBABCACTask21.budA.Ablossomdevelopsfroma

_______.B.Inthispoem,the

_____________

flowermeansyouth.2.accessA.Theonly

_________tothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.B.Userscan

_________theirvoicemailremotely.3.tasteA.Themedicinehadaslightlybitter

_________.B.Therewasalotofhardworkbeforewefirst

________success.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P47)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

bud(n.)budding(adj.)access(n.)access(v.)taste(n.)taste(v.)4.foolA.Katherinewasnobody’s

_______whenitcametomoney.B.It’snogood

_________yourself.He’duceA.Thefactory____________anincredible100carsperhour.B.Weselltinnedgoodsandlocal

_____________.6.garnishA.They

___________theroomwithmodernpaintings.B.Thechickenwasservedwith

_____________ofparsleyandgreenonion.7.reignA.TheQueen

___________butdoesnotrule.B.Theking’s

____________lastedfor30years.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

fool(n.)fooling(n.)produces(v.)produces(n.)garnish(v.)garnishes(n.)reigns(v.)reign(n.)8.concernA.Environmentalprotectionisagrowing___________inChina.B.Helovedhiswife,and_____________A.Thebuildingis__________afterasuccessfulentrepreneur.B.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirst_________?10.practiceA.I’ve_____________playingthepianoforfiveyears.B.Itishis_____________totakeawalkafterdinnereveryevening.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

concern(n.)concerned(v.)named(v.)name(n.)practiced(v.)practice(n.)Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehand CuisineinChinaisaharmonious1)__________ofcolor,taste,shapeandfragrance.Forthecookingprocess,chefspick2)_______andvariedingredientsandseasoningsandemploytheunparalleledandcomplicatedskills3)_______downfromtheirfathers,always4)________totheiridealofperfectionforallthesenses.Amongthemanycookingmethodstheyuseareboiling,stewing,braising,frying,5)_________,crisping,baking,egrationchoicehandedaspiringsteamingWhentheyfinishtheir

6)___________theyarearrangedonavarietyofplatesanddishessothattheyareareal7)__________

toview,tosmellandultimatelytosavor.Thefacilityto8)_________ofthesedelightsisalso

distinctive—chopsticks!Toseeeventhesmallestchildeatwithsuchdexterityisquite9)__________formanyforeigners.Theuseoftwosimplesticksinthiswayisanartinitselfandchopstickshave

determinedthewayinwhichChinesefoodis10)__________atthetable.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehandACuisineCrisisReadingMoreDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineA.Asforrawmaterials,thereare:herbs,fruitsandvegetables________________________________________________;seafood,e.g.__________wildgame,e.g.________________________;andsausagesandcheeseslaidoutto___________________.piledhighin

greengrocers’

creativegeometricsoysterhare,venison,boarsmell

and

savorDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineB.NothinghasstoodforFrance’ssenseofexceptionalismmorefamouslythanitscooking.e.g.Waterhasmany________________

_____________tastesandthetaste

ofoliveoilscanbe___________

_______________.C.IfFrenchcuisinehasprestige,that’s

becausea._______________________________________________________________b.______________________________________________________________.

differentand

marketable

nutty,

fruity

impudentFrancehaschefs

whoare

interestedin

goodproductsFrancestillhaspeasantagriculture

aswellasfactoryfarmsReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineA.Globalization____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Manyfruitsandvegetablesontheoutdoor

market

areimportedfromforeigncountries.

Gallictalent,tasteandtechniquehavebeenexportedallovertheworldandatthesame

time,whatismediocre,cheap

andpopularhasbeenimported.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineB.Governmenttaxandeconomicpoliciesa.b.

c.

d.Moreandmorerestaurateurshavetocopewithredtape,nottomentionedictsfrom

BrusselsthataffecteverythingfromsalestaxestothebacteriaintheBrie.

The“harmonized”value-addedtaxesbenefitfast-foodchainswhilepenalizingsit-down

restaurants.Strictlaborlawsrestricthiring,firingandtemp-work.

Governmentregulations,forexample,CAP,favor

quantityoverquality.Youcan’tevenbesurewherethatboarbitthedust.(Para.2)bitethedust:(戰(zhàn)斗中)受傷倒下；倒下死去;一敗涂地，失敗;受辱，丟臉例：Rowlingisn'tnamingnames,butshehassaidatleasttwocharacterswillbitethedust.羅林沒有指名道姓，但她指出至少有兩個(gè)角色會大敗。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.(Para.3)congenial:意氣相投的；性格相似的；適意的；一致的Sheandhewerecongenialcompanioninyouth.他和她是竹馬青梅，志趣相投。Intheory,winemakerscandefusethethreatbysimplyshiftingproductiontomorecongeniallocations.從理論上來說，只要釀酒商把生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到更適宜的地區(qū)，就能化解這種威脅。drawon:利用，吸收Andwemustdrawonthelessonsofexperience.我們必須借鑒以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Quiteliterally,

thatisnowwherealotofFrenchcookingbegins-and,increasingly,wheretheeraofgreatFrenchcuisineassomethingtrulyuniqueandexclusivetoFranceisslowlycomingtoanend.(Para.3)

exclusiveto:專為…所獨(dú)有；獨(dú)享Thestoryisexclusivetothisnewspaper.這家報(bào)紙獨(dú)家報(bào)道這個(gè)材料。

解釋：事實(shí)上，現(xiàn)在許多法國菜發(fā)源于此，而正是這兒卻日益見證著真正獨(dú)具法國特色的偉大的法式烹飪時(shí)代正在逐漸走向消亡。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

FromtheNapaValleytotheThamesandTokyo,non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrench

cuisine.(Para.4)Paraphrase:CooksfromotherpartsoftheworldhavelearnedthehighlightsoftheFrenchcuisine.crack:(v.)tosolveacomplicatedproblem,ortofindtheanswertoamystery解決(難題)；解開(秘密)e.g.

Detectivesbelievetheycancrackthecase.偵探們相信他們可以破這個(gè)案子。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Meanwhile,whatwasmediocre

elsewhere—albeit

cheapandpopular—hasbeenimported.(Para.4)

mediocre:(adj.)

notverygoode.g.

1)

Ithoughtthebookwasprettymediocre.

2)He’sapersonofmediocreabilities.albeit:(conj.)although;evenif;eventhough盡管，即使；縱然e.g.apeaceful,albeitbriefretirement雖然短暫但卻很平靜的退休生活

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheyhavebecomeensnarledintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous.(Para.5)ensnarl:

vt.使纏繞e.g.

tobeensnarledinthewebofprejudice陷入偏見之中不能自拔infamous:wellknownforsomethingbad

e.g.

aninfamouscriminal臭名昭著的罪犯ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

ButtherealparadoxofFrenchcooking—inFrance,atleast—isthatartisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.(Para.7)paradox:

situationorideathatisstrangebecauseithasfeaturesorqualitiesthatyouwouldnotexpecttoexisttogether自相矛盾的情況；似非而是的說法；悖論

e.g.theparadoxofpeoplewiththebestqualificationsnot

beingabletogetjobs高學(xué)歷的人無法找到工作的怪事spelltrouble/disaster/dangeretc:ifasituationoractionspellstroubleetc,itmakesyouexpecttroubleetc:招致e.g.

1)Thelackofraincouldspelldisasterforfarmers.2)Thesechangesspellruinforthecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

IftheFrenchwereunderthesamefiscalregimeastheUnitedStates,we’dbeabletocreatetwiceasmanyjobs.(Para.8)regime:(n.)1)aparticularsystemofgovernmentormanagement,especiallyoneyoudisapproveof政體，政權(quán)

e.g.

military/totalitarian/fascistregime;

brutal/oppressive/corruptregime2)aparticularsystem,usedespeciallywhentalkingaboutaprevioussystem,oronethathasjustbeenintroduced管理制度

e.g.

Underthenewregime,allsheepandcattlewillbe

regularlytestedfordisease.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Strictlaborlawsrestrictinghiring,firingandtemp-workalsofigureintheequation.(Para.9)1.figure:vi.出現(xiàn)，卷入，牽涉到（in）

2.equation:相等，方程式；（不同因素）綜合體，（對某一過程起作用的）因素

Here,inthesentence,equationreferstothereasonsthatcausethedeclineofFrenchcuision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Manysmallfarmersandrestaurateursseemtobefightingarearguardactionjusttosurvive.(Para.11)fightingarearguardaction:tomakeadeterminedefforttopreventachangethatyouthinkisbad,althoughitseemstoolatetostopit

e.g.

1)Theyhavebeenfightingarearguardactiontostopasupermarketbeingbuiltontheland.2)Hefoughtastubbornrearguardactionagainstpoliticalreform.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.(Para.12)beemblematicof:是---的象征plague:(v.)tocausecontinualdiscomfort,suffering,ortroubletosomeone

e.g.

1)Hehasbeenplaguingmewithsillyquestions.2)Financialproblemscontinuedtoplaguethecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P56)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-AADBABCAABTask1Task2

e.g.Artisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.“Spell”meansindicate/signifyinthesentence.

Englishwordsassumedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthecontext.(P57)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

1.Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.“congenial”means________inthesentence.2.Non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.“crack”means_____________inthesentence.pleasantunderstandReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

3.AttheannualagriculturalfairinParisthisspring,visitorsnotonlyenjoyedsippingwines,butoliveoils.“fair”means________________________________

_____________________inthesentence.

4.Oliveoils—onealittlenutty,anotherquitefruity,someofthem,oneistemptedtosay,justalittleimpudent.“impudent”means________inthesentence.

aneventinwhichpeopleorbusinessesshow

orselltheirproductscheekyReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

5.

Considerthevalue-addedtaxesthatwere“harmonized”alloverEuropeduringthe1990s.“harmonized”means________inthesentence.

6.Theypenalizesit-downrestaurants,whetherhumble

bistrosorhautecuisine.“humble”means__________________inthesentence.

unifiedmodestorunpretentiousReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

7.TheCAPissupposedtobenefitsmallfarmers,keepthemonthelandandthusnurturetheterroirthatgivesFrenchcookingitssoul.“nurture”means________inthesentence.8.TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.“afflict”means__________________inthesentence.“plague”means_____________inthesentence.cherishcause

painorsufferannoy/troubleReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

9.LikeFrenchcuisine,theFrencheconomystillholdstheoccasionalsurprise.“hold”means_______inthesentence.10.Butthebasicproblemsofbureaucracy,taxesandsocialreluctancetochangeremainaburdenforeveryone.“reluctance”means_____________inthesentence.haveunwillingnessPracticalTranslation

1.融合法融合法是指翻譯時(shí)把主句和定語從句融合成一句簡單句，其中的定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。由于限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語從句，尤其是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)帶有定語從句的句型。定語從句的翻譯（2）原句中的主句部分thereisaman翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語從句譯成句子的謂語部分。1)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.樓下有人要見你。2)Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.

在我們工廠里，許多人對這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明很感興趣。3)BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.企業(yè)要求員工能承受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。原句中的主句部分therearemanypeople翻譯成“許多人”，作譯文的主語，然后將定語從句譯成句子的謂語部分。與其將從句處理成帶“的”的前置定語“接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是企業(yè)要求的東西”，或是后置的分句“承受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，那是企業(yè)要求的”，都沒有將主從句相融合譯得更簡潔緊湊。

2．轉(zhuǎn)換法

有些定語從句從形式上看是定語從句，但從意義上分析卻具有狀語從句的性質(zhì)和功能。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)分析原文主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后譯成相應(yīng)的分句。1)AshardworkingasDogwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.盡管狗子工作非常努力，可他還是無法滿足顧客們的需求，所以他們只能等很長時(shí)間。上例英語定語從句被譯成漢語的結(jié)果狀語從句。2)Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.

如果有人公然反抗世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，他定是個(gè)魯莽之徒。3)Imetyourmother,whowasdoingshoppingatthesupermarket.你母親在超市買東西時(shí)，我遇見了她。上例英語定語從句被譯成漢語的條件狀語從句。這里，將英語定語從句譯成漢語的時(shí)間狀語從句。4)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.

他堅(jiān)持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要。5)Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument.為了證明他的論點(diǎn)，他正在收集確鑿的材料。6)Icouldnotrecognizeher,