廣東省廣州市金沙中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)模擬試卷含解析

廣東省廣州市金沙中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)模擬試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Inthatschool,Englishiscompulsoryforallstudents,butFrenchandRussianare_________.A．special

B．regional

C．optional

D．original參考答案：C略2.Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere______manyothersareshortof.A.where B.whenC.that D.what參考答案：C試題分析：句意：這個(gè)飯店有其他很多飯店缺少的誘人的象家一樣的氛圍。這里使用了定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是aninviting,homelikeatmosphere，在定語(yǔ)從句中manyothersareshortof后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句3.Whichdoyouenjoy_____yourweekend,walkinginthewoodorfishingonthelake?

A.spending

B.tospend

C.spent

D.ofspending參考答案：B4.______amoredetailedaccountoftheeventinthecourt,hespokeveryslowly,______everywordverycarefully.

A.Togive;choosing

B.Given;choosing

C.Havinggiven;tochoose

D.Giving;havingchosen參考答案：A略5.—Jack,youseeminhighspirits.—________Wewonthematch4-0.

A.Guesswhat?

B.Sowhat?

C.Nowonder.

D.Nodouble.參考答案：A略6.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,butI______fullyoccupiedlastweek.A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.havebeen參考答案：A7.TheTurnersconsider____acomputer,whichiscommonlyconsidered____agreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobe

B.buying;tobe

C.tobuy;being

D.buying;being參考答案：B8.weareinastage_________itisstilltooearlytosaywhowillwinthemostvotesandbecomethenewPresident.A

that

B

where

Cwhich

Dwhat參考答案：B9.IsitMoYan’shometown_______hasinspiredhimthroughouthiswritingcareer?A.inwhich B.where C.that D.as參考答案：C10.Inmanycountries,breakfastisasnack_______meal,buttraditionalEnglishbreakfastisafullmeal.

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.lessthan參考答案：B11.Intoday’sfastchangingandcompetitiveworld,tobeabletolearnfasterandmoreeffectivelyisnotmerelydesirable;itis________.A.essential

B.worthwhile

C.challenging

D.sufficient參考答案：A12.—Ijustcan’tputthisnew1amptogetlaerproperly．

—_______________，dear．Followtheinstructionsstepbystep．

A．Takecare

B．Don’tbother．

C．That’sit

D．Bepatient參考答案：D13.Hewassonervousduringthetest.No________hedidn’tpasstheexam.A.way

B.surprise

C.wonder

D.matter參考答案：C14.(2016·江蘇)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage

________withinthework.A.tohide

B.hiddenC.hiding

D.beinghidden參考答案：B試題分析：考查分詞作定語(yǔ)。相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句thatishiddenwithinthework。A、C項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)含義，D項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行，與語(yǔ)境不符。故B項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，表被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完成并具有被動(dòng)意義。作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)意義。如：1.Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是個(gè)很受學(xué)生愛(ài)戴的老師。

也有用不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，一般作前置定語(yǔ)，它不表示被動(dòng)意義，只表示主動(dòng)意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。如：fallenleaves落葉

retiredworkers退休工人

therisensun升起的太陽(yáng)

注意下面過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：

一、單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，也可以放名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：

1.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我們需要更多的合格的工人。

2.Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是個(gè)歸國(guó)的留學(xué)生。

3.Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。二、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

="The"studentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒。三、如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自從我離開(kāi)這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以來(lái)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么變化。

15.

Dr.PeterSpence，_______headmasterofthehighschool,statedthat_______fifthofadolescentswouldgotostudyattop-fiveuniversitieslikeCambridgeandOxford.A.the,the

B./,a

C./,the

D.a,a參考答案：B16.—HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr.Smith?—______.

A．Verywell

B．Excited

C．Boring

D．Notatall參考答案：C17.—Somebodywantsyouonthetelephone.—

nooneknowsI’mhere.

A．For

B．And

C．But

D．So參考答案：

C

解析：此題考查了在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中介詞和連詞的用法。根據(jù)上面句子的意思可以知道for表示原因,So表示結(jié)果,都與上文語(yǔ)氣不符。而but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，突出驚訝的語(yǔ)氣。18.PerhapsTaobaoisAsia’slargestandmostpopularretail（零售的）networkplatform,_____peoplecanbuyandsellagreatvarietyofthings.A.which

B.where

C.when

D.that參考答案：B19.TheChinesecommunityhereareshootingofffireworksin

oftheChineseNewYear.A．celebration

B．honor

C．memory

D．consideration參考答案：A二、完型填空20.Inwinter,Ioftenwalkinanearbyparkduringlunchtime.Theparkisquiet,as

41

peoplehavethetimetoenjoythewintersunonaweekday.Thetwopeoplethatareoftenseenareamiddle-agedfatherandhislittledaughter

42

herschooluniform.Thefatherlookslikehehasallthetimeintheworld—he

43

tohurryalongthejoggingpath;insteadhematcheshispacewith

44

ofthelittlegirl.Sometimestheyarelying

45

inthesun,laughingandchatting.Themancertainlydoesn’tlook

46

.Whatsortofjobcanhehavethatgiveshimtheflexibilitytowalkintheparkinthemiddleoftheday?Andtoday,we

47

satontherocksandhadalittlechat.“You

48

enjoytheparkverymuchtocomeheresooften,”Isaid.Thefathernodded.“How”Iaskedcuriously,

“doyou

49

toleaveyourofficetobewithyourdaughtereveryday?”Thestorythatthefather,SatyendraDugbey,toldmeshowedmehow,ifwe

50

underthesurface,evenordinarypeople’slifecanbequite

51

.“Iusedtobenodifferentfromanyofthosethousandsofofficeworkers

52

toworkeveryday,”hebegan.Hiswifeandhewerewell

53

butrarelymanagedtimeoffforleisure.Everythingchangedafteranaccident

54

Dugbeywashitbyacar.Ashelayinhospital,terrifyingthoughts

55

hismind.“Howwouldmydaughter,thenonlyfour,remembermeifIdiedthatday?”“Wouldmydaughterhave

56

ofbeingwithherfather?”Themomentherecoveredandwentbacktowork,Dugbeytooktimeoffatlunch,

57

herdaughterfromschoolwhichwasjustnextdoortohisworkingplace,andtookhertothepark.Itwasactuallyaverysmallchangehe’dmade,hesaid,butitamazedhimeverydaytoseethedifferenceit

58

tohislife.“Itbringsmesomuch

59

thatIcan’tbelievewhyothershaven’tthoughtofdoingthesamething.”hesaidsimply.Igotuptocontinuemy

60

walk,unexpectedlyhappyafterhisstory.41.A.few

B.afew

C.little D.alittle42.A.on

B.in

C.with

D.under43.A.tends

B.intends

C.inspires

D.refuses44.A.it

B.that

C.this

D.those45.A.heavily

B.tiredly

C.lazily

D.lonely46.A.unemployed

B.untrained

C.untested D.unwanted47.A.truly

B.generally

C.entirely

D.finally48.A.can

B.should

C.must

D.would49.A.succeed

B.fail

C.manage D.struggle50.A.dig

B.push

C.clean

D.knock51.A.extraordinary

B.flexible

C.peaceful

D.reliable52.A.hurrying

B.wandering

C.hesitating D.hating53.A.down

B.over

C.above

D.off54.A.underwhich

B.inwhich

C.atwhich

D.onwhich55.A.cameup

B.cameabout

C.cameout

D.cameinto56.A.association

B.memories

C.misunderstanding

D.consideration57.A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.tookup

D.tookout58.A.took

B.led

C.made

D.got59.A.love

B.joy

C.relief

D.depression60.A.long-suffering

B.long-lost

C.long-forgotten

D.long-lasting參考答案：41．A42．B43．D44．B45．C46．A47．D48．C49．C50．A51．A52．A53．D54．B55．D56．B57．A58．C59．B60．C41．根據(jù)上文“Theparkisquiet,”可知，公園里很安靜，幾乎沒(méi)有人在工作日里有時(shí)間享受冬日的陽(yáng)光。few幾乎沒(méi)有。故選A。42．句意：她穿著校服。in穿著。故選B。43．根據(jù)下文“insteadhematcheshispacewith

ofthelittlegirl.”可知，他拒絕在慢跑道上匆忙行走。refuse拒絕。故選D。44．句意：反而跟隨著小女孩的步伐。用that代替pace。故選B。45．句意：有時(shí)，則懶洋洋地躺坐在陽(yáng)光下談天說(shuō)笑。lazily懶惰地。故選C。46．根據(jù)下文“Whatsortofjobcanhehavethatgiveshimtheflexibilitytowalkintheparkinthemiddleoftheday?”可知，他看起來(lái)一點(diǎn)兒也不像無(wú)業(yè)游民。unemployed未雇傭的。故選A。47．句意：而今天，我們終于得以一起坐在石頭上閑聊幾句。finally終于。故選D。48．根據(jù)“tocomeheresooften”可知，你們常來(lái)這里，肯定很喜歡這個(gè)公園吧。must肯定。故選C。49．句意：你能夠每天中午都離開(kāi)辦公室和你的女兒在一起嗎？managetodosth.想方設(shè)法做成某事。故選C。50．句意：如果我們深入挖掘，即便是平凡人也可能有著不平凡的故事。dig挖掘。故選A。51．根據(jù)上文“evenordinarypeople’slife”可知，即便是平凡人也可能有著不平凡的故事。extraordinary不平凡的。故選A。52．根據(jù)上文“Iusedtobenodifferentfromanyofthosethousandsofofficeworkers”可知，我每天都和很多辦公人員一樣匆忙上班。hurrying匆忙。故選A。53．句意：雖然他的妻子和他的收入很高。welloff富有的。故選D。54．which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞anaccident作為介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。句意：Dugbey被一輛公共汽車撞倒，事故之后一切都變了。故選B。55．句意：當(dāng)他躺在醫(yī)院里的時(shí)候，腦海里閃過(guò)一個(gè)可怕的想法。cameinto進(jìn)來(lái)。故選D。56．句意：我的女兒將會(huì)記得陪伴她的父親嗎？memories記憶。故選B。57．句意：他把女兒從學(xué)校接出來(lái)，帶到公園去。pickedup接送。故選A。58．句意：但這卻讓他的生活每天都發(fā)生令人驚訝的新變化。madeadifference有影響。故選C。59．句意：這給我?guī)?lái)了極大的快樂(lè)，我想不明白為什么其他人沒(méi)有想過(guò)要這樣做。joy快樂(lè)。故選B。60．句意：聽(tīng)完他的故事后，我感到了意想不到的快樂(lè)，起身繼續(xù)那早已被我忘在腦后的散步。long-forgotten長(zhǎng)久被遺忘的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本文講述的是一個(gè)人出車禍以后對(duì)待生活的不同態(tài)度。多陪伴家人，這給他帶來(lái)了極大的快樂(lè)。作者聽(tīng)完他的故事后，感到了意想不到的快樂(lè)，開(kāi)始早已被忘在腦后的散步。21.Itwasn’tyet8:30am.However,insteadofenteringmyoffice,Iwasleavingit.Carryingaplasticshoppingbagofmypersonalthings,Imovedina(n)___16___waytomycar,anddrovehomecrying.Ihadjustbeen___17___Forfollowingweeks,Iwastroubledbythe___18___ofthatsuddenlay-off:Whataboutthepeoplewhowouldbe___19___bymyabandonedprojects?WouldIhaveachancetogetanotherjob?___20___withanxiety,shameandsuddenoutburstsoftears,Ifeltcompletely___21___“WhatshouldIdonext?”Iaskedmyself.Oneday,overdinnerwithmygoodfriendSophiainarestaurant,Itoldheraboutmy___22___,“Beingfiredcameasa___23___Iamnotabadperson.Idon’tknow___24___ithappenedtome.Infact,Iwassohard-workingand___25___tomycompany”.Afterlisteningtomywords,she___26___me,“Neverbesodepressed.Beingfiredisn’tthesamethingasbeingbad.Therearelotsof___27___thatwecannotescapeinlife,andwehavetofacethem___28___andfindsolutions.Ithinkyoushouldmakesomechangestohelpyou___29___thisissue.Unemploymentjustmeansanewstart.”Herwordsgavemealotofconfidenceandstrength,which___30___metotakeactiontochangethebadsituation.Ihadafirmbeliefthateverythingwouldhopefully___31___fine.Thenalongjourneyofapplyingfornewjobsbegan.Inaddition,Imadeadecision—startingto___32___thepeoplewhohelpedmeeitherwiththeemotionalsupportofmyunemploymentorinmysearchforanewjob.Iwouldsendeachofthemathank-youcard.Sophiahadhelpedmealot,andshegotmyfirstcard.ExpressinggratitudeisthebestthingthatIhavedoneto___33___mynegativethoughtsandmoveforward.Fortunately,Ihavegota(n)___34___jobthatfitsmyskillsandinterests.Nomatterwhathappensinthefuture,Iwill___35___thiswonderfuldecisionandshowmorepeoplemythanks.16.A.relaxing B.confident C.unsteady D.humorous17.A.adopted B.fired C.cheated D.fined18.A.shadow B.guidance C.standard D.background19.A.promoted B.trusted C.refused D.affected20.A.Agreeing B.Connecting C.Struggling D.Dealing21.A.positive B.confused C.confident D.serious22.A.promises B.goals C.feelings D.needs23.A.occasion B.threat C.present D.shock24.A.why B.when C.whether D.where25.A.attractive B.occupied C.aware D.faithful26.A.blamed B.greeted C.encouraged D.announced27.A.challenges B.opportunities C.arguments D.responsibilities28.A.practically B.bravely C.secretly D.excitedly29.A.relyon B.lookinto C.giveup D.dealwith30A.drove B.ordered C.forbade D.expected31.A.setabout B.turnout C.resultfrom D.holdback32.A.thank B.entertain C.understand D.help33.A.explain B.remove C.suspect D.accept34.A.difficult B.ridiculous C.satisfying D.embarrassing35.A.research B.replace C.select D.continue參考答案：16.C

17.B

18.A

19.D

20.C

21.B

22.C

23.D

24.A

25.D

26.C

27.A

28.B

29.D

30.A

31.B

32.A

33.B

34.C

35.D本文是一篇記敘文。

文章主要敘述我在被公司解雇以后，無(wú)法從悲傷的情緒中擺脫處理。后來(lái)在朋友的鼓勵(lì)下做出了改變：向別人表示自己的感謝。最后找到了滿意的工作，并決定繼續(xù)這樣走下去。【16題詳解】C考查形容詞辨析。句意：拿著裝滿個(gè)人物品的一個(gè)塑料袋，我一路不穩(wěn)地走向我的汽車，哭著回了家。形容詞relaxing放松的；confident自信的；unsteady不穩(wěn)的；humorous幽默的。使用unsteady表示我當(dāng)時(shí)很難過(guò)，走路都走不穩(wěn)了。故C正確。【17題詳解】B考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：我剛被解雇了。動(dòng)詞adopt收養(yǎng)，采納；fire開(kāi)火，解雇；cheat欺騙。根據(jù)前面一句敘述可知我被公司解雇，所以才很傷心難過(guò)。故B正確?！?8題詳解】A考查名詞辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)星期里，我都處于突然被解雇的陰影之中。名詞shadow陰影；guidance指導(dǎo)；standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；background背景。本句使用shadow敘述被解雇給我?guī)?lái)的影響。故A正確。【19題詳解】D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我遺留的那些項(xiàng)目對(duì)那些人的影響會(huì)是什么樣？動(dòng)詞promote宣傳，提拔，促進(jìn)；trust信任；refuse拒絕；affect影響。本句敘述作者被解雇以后他所做的項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)對(duì)別人造成影響，作者對(duì)此表示擔(dān)心。故D正確。【20題詳解】C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：掙扎在焦慮、羞愧和突然而來(lái)的悲傷的情感之中，我感覺(jué)很困惑，我接下來(lái)應(yīng)該做什么？動(dòng)詞agree同意；connect聯(lián)系；struggle掙扎，努力；deal處理，對(duì)付。故C正確。【21題詳解】B考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意同上。形容詞positive積極的；confused困惑的；confident自信的；serious嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的；根據(jù)下一句“WhatshouldIdonext?”Iaskedmyself.說(shuō)明我對(duì)接下來(lái)做什么很困惑。故B正確。【22題詳解】C考查名詞辨析。句意：一天，在和我的朋友Sophia吃飯的時(shí)候，我把我的感受告訴了她。名詞promise諾言；goal目標(biāo)；feeling感覺(jué)；need需要。故C正確?！?3題詳解】D考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：被解雇讓我很震驚。名詞occasion機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)，場(chǎng)合；threat威脅；present禮物；shock令人震驚的事情。被解雇對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一件令人震驚的事情。和本文第一段對(duì)應(yīng)，記敘闡述被解雇對(duì)作者的巨大影響。故D正確。【24題詳解】A考查連詞辨析。句意：我不知道為什么這件事情會(huì)發(fā)生在我身上，實(shí)際上我很努力工作對(duì)公司也很忠誠(chéng)。根據(jù)句意可知why“為什么”進(jìn)一步作者對(duì)于自己被公司解雇很不理解。故A正確?！?5題詳解】D考查形容詞辨析。句意：實(shí)際上我很努力工作對(duì)公司也很忠誠(chéng)。形容詞attractive有吸引力的；occupied忙碌的；aware意識(shí)到的；faithful忠誠(chéng)的。短語(yǔ)befaithfulto對(duì)……忠誠(chéng)。故D正確。【26題詳解】C考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：聽(tīng)了我的話，她鼓勵(lì)我說(shuō)：不要這么難過(guò)，被解雇并不一定是壞事，在人生中有很多我們無(wú)法擺脫的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應(yīng)該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該做出改變來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。失業(yè)了就意味著一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。動(dòng)詞blame責(zé)備；greet問(wèn)候；encourage鼓勵(lì)；announce宣布；根據(jù)上下文可知這是朋友對(duì)我的鼓勵(lì)。故C正確。【27題詳解】A考查名詞辨析。句意：被解雇并不一定是壞事，在人生中有很多我們無(wú)法擺脫的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應(yīng)該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。名詞challenge挑戰(zhàn)；opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；argument爭(zhēng)論；responsibility責(zé)任；根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，我們?nèi)松杏性S多挑戰(zhàn)可知A正確?！?8題詳解】B考查副詞辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。仍然是朋友對(duì)我的鼓勵(lì)。副詞practically實(shí)用的；實(shí)際的；bravely勇敢地；secretly秘密地；excitedly興奮地；根據(jù)句意可知B正確?！?9題詳解】D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該做出改變來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。失業(yè)了就意味著一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。短語(yǔ)relyon依靠；lookinto調(diào)查；giveup放棄；dealwith對(duì)付，處理；故D正確?！?0題詳解】A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她的話給了我很多鼓勵(lì)和力量，這驅(qū)使著我采取行動(dòng)改變這個(gè)糟糕的情況。動(dòng)詞drive驅(qū)使；order命令；forbid禁止；expect期待；根據(jù)句意可知A正確。【31題詳解】B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為所有事情最后結(jié)果都會(huì)很好。短語(yǔ)setabout著手，開(kāi)始；turnout結(jié)果是；resultfrom因?yàn)?；holdback隱瞞，控制。故B正確?！?2題詳解】A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：接著就是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間申請(qǐng)新工作開(kāi)始了。而且，我做出一個(gè)決定，開(kāi)始感謝那些給我精神支持的人。根據(jù)本文可知作者對(duì)待生活的態(tài)度更為積極樂(lè)觀了。動(dòng)詞thank感謝；entertain娛樂(lè)；understand理解；help幫助；根據(jù)下一段expressinggratitude表達(dá)感激，與之相一致。故A正確?！?3題詳解】B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：表示感謝是我所做消除消極情緒最好的事情。動(dòng)詞explain解釋；remove去除；suspect懷疑；accept接受；根據(jù)句意可知remove符合上下文串聯(lián)。故B正確。【34題詳解】C考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，我找到了一份令人滿意的工作，而且這份工作適合我的技巧和興趣。形容詞difficult困難的；ridiculous荒謬的；satisfying令人滿意的；embarrassing令人尷尬的；根據(jù)后半句“而且這份工作適合我的技巧和興趣”，說(shuō)明這份工作是令人滿意的。故C正確。【35題詳解】D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我將繼續(xù)這個(gè)很好的決定，向更多的人表示我的感謝。動(dòng)詞research研究；replace代替；select選擇；continue繼續(xù)。故D正確。三、閱讀理解22.Onceuponatime,onanisolatedislandintheJavasea,livedshortpeoplewhodominated(支配,占優(yōu)勢(shì))thefoodchain.Standingnomorethanthreeandahalffeettall,thesehumanancestorshuntedgiantrats,lumberinglizards（笨拙的蜥蜴),andminiatureelephants.

Itsoundsabitlikeafairytale,butit'strue.Unearthedrelicsontheislanduncoveredtheremainsofaraceoftinyhumanancestors.Homofloresiensis,asthenewlydiscoveredspecieshasbeennamed,apparentlycoulddatebackto13,000yearsago.Thismeanstheyhavealotincommonwithmodernhumans.Sohowandwhydidthesepeoplegetsosmall?Scientistssuspectthatit'sduetothefactthatthisracelivedonanisolatedislandwithlimitedresources.Taketheminiatureelephantsforexample.Whenelephantsfirstcametotheislandeitherbyswimmingorbysomekindofnaturallandraft,theywereprobablyclosetofullsize.Butsincetherewasn'tmuchtoeat,overtimesmallerelephantslivedlongerandbetter.Thesmallertheelephantwas,thelessithadtoeattostaystrongandhealthy.Scientistscallthisthe"islandrole",anditcanapplytohumansaswellasanimals.Giventheisland'ssparse(稀少)foodsupply,itmakessensethattheearlyhumanslivingtherewouldhaveevolved(進(jìn)化)abodysizerequiringlessfoodtosurvive.Sobiggerisn'talwaysbetter.Inthefloresiensis,atleast,gettingsmallerwasthewaytogo.60.Accordingtothepassage,thefactHomofloresiensisareverysmallisbasedon________.A.theislandersintheJavaSea

B.thehumanancestorsC.anewspaperreport

D.theunearthedrelics61.Theunderlinedword"miniature"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.tiny

B.active

C.rare

D.wild62.Peopleontheislandgotsosmallbecause____________.A.theygraduallydevelopedforlackoffood.B.theydidnothaveenoughfoodtoeat.C.theysharedlessfoodwithelephants.D.theyremainedaliveastheelephants.63.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthepassage?A.Thehistoryofshortpeople

B.ShortpeopleonanisolatedislandC.Theproofsonshortpeople

D.Shortpeoplefromafairytale64.Accordingtothepassage,gettingsmallercanmakepeopleandanimals____A.runquickly

B.liveweaker

C.livelonger

D.runslowly參考答案：DAABC23.LearningNewVocabularyduringDeepSleepSleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentasleepcouldbeusedmoreproductively,e.g.forlearninganewlanguage?Up-to-nowsleepresearchfocusedonthestabilizationandstrengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringwakefulness.However,learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamined.Thereisenoughevidenceforwake-learnedinformationundergoingarevisionbyreplayinthesleepingbrain.Thereplayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemoryandleavesthenewlyacquiredinformationinthepre-existingstoreofknowledge.Ifre-playduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake-learnedinformation,thenfirst-play,i.e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation,shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisabletoformnewsemantic（語(yǔ)義的）associationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwordsduringthebraincells’activestates,theso-called“Up-states.”Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages,ourbraincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep,thebraincellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterintoastateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up-state”andtheinactivestate“Down-state”.Thetwostatesalternate（交替）abouteveryhalf-second.Newevidenceforsleep-learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.Theconceptofsleepthatweareseparatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable."It’sfalsethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep,"saysSimonRuch,co-first-author."Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleepcanbeappliedfortheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears,"saysKatharinaHenke.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfacultyResearchCooperation(IRC).Thirteenresearchgroupsinmedicine,biologyandpsychologyarepartoftheIRC.Theaimoftheseresearchgroupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanisms（原理）involvedinsleepandconsciousness.38.Whichofthefollowingshaven’tsleepresearchersachievedsofar?A.Peoplecanlearnvocabularyduringdeepsleep.B.Memoriescanbestableandstrongduringsleep.C.Wake-learnedinformationcanappearinthesleepingbrain.D.Re-playduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake-learnedinformation.39.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.“Up-state”and“Down-state”appearinturnduringdeepsleep