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試卷第=page11頁(yè),共=sectionpages33頁(yè)專題13立體幾何多選題新高考地區(qū)專用1.已知a,b是兩條不同的直線,α,β是兩個(gè)不同的平面,下列命題正確的是(

)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0【答案】AD【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,則平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在直線l與直線SKIPIF1<0平行,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0A正確;若SKIPIF1<0,則平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在直線與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,但不是任意一條直線均與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直B不正確;根據(jù)面面平行的判定定理要求直線SKIPIF1<0相交,C不正確;SKIPIF1<0,則平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在直線l與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0D正確;故選:AD.2.(2022·河北廊坊·模擬預(yù)測(cè))我們知道,平面幾何中有些正確的結(jié)論在空間中不一定成立.下面給出的平面幾何中的四個(gè)真命題,在空間中仍然成立的有(

)A.平行于同一條直線的兩條直線必平行B.垂直于同一條直線的兩條直線必平行C.一個(gè)角的兩邊分別平行于另一個(gè)角的兩邊,那么這兩個(gè)角相等或互補(bǔ)D.一個(gè)角的兩邊分別垂直于另一個(gè)角的兩邊,那么這兩個(gè)角相等或互補(bǔ)【答案】AC【詳解】根據(jù)線線平行具有傳遞性可知A正確;空間中垂直于同一條直線的兩條直線,位置關(guān)系可能是異面、相交、平行,故B錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)定理:空間中如果兩個(gè)角的兩邊分別對(duì)應(yīng)平行,那么這兩個(gè)角相等或互補(bǔ)可知C正確;如圖,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0但SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系不確定,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AC3.如圖,在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為正方形SKIPIF1<0的中心,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上(不包含端點(diǎn))運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),下列直線中一定與直線SKIPIF1<0異面的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BCD【詳解】對(duì)于A,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故A不正確;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0一定是異面直線,故B正確;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0一定是異面直線,故C正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0一定是異面直線,故C正確;故選:BCD4.?dāng)€尖是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑表現(xiàn)手法,是雙坡屋頂形式之一,多用于面積不大的建筑,如塔、亭、閣等,常用于圓形、方形、六角形、八角形等平面的建筑物上,形成圓攢尖和多邊形攢尖.以四角攢尖為例,如圖,它的屋頂部分的輪廓可近似看作一個(gè)正四棱錐,已知此正四棱錐的側(cè)面與底面所成的二面角為30°,側(cè)棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0米,則該正四棱錐的(

)A.底面邊長(zhǎng)為4米 B.側(cè)棱與底面所成角的正弦值為SKIPIF1<0C.側(cè)面積為SKIPIF1<0平方米 D.體積為32立方米【答案】BD【詳解】如圖,在正四棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,O為底面ABCD的中心,E為CD的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)底面邊長(zhǎng)為2a,正四棱錐的側(cè)面與底面所成的二面角為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.底面邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0米,A錯(cuò)誤;側(cè)棱與底面所成角的正弦值為SKIPIF1<0,B正確;側(cè)面積SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤;體積SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:BD5.已知正方形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為1,以SKIPIF1<0為折痕把SKIPIF1<0折起,得到四面體SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.四面體SKIPIF1<0體積的最大值為SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0可以為等邊三角形 D.SKIPIF1<0可以為直角三角形【答案】AC【詳解】解:取BD得中點(diǎn)為O,連接SKIPIF1<0,由題意,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)A正確;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),四面體SKIPIF1<0體積的最大,且最大體積為SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,故選項(xiàng)C正確;若SKIPIF1<0為直角三角形,又SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,不滿足三角形任意兩邊之和大于第三邊,故選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AC.6.如圖,若正方體的棱長(zhǎng)為2,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是正方體SKIPIF1<0在側(cè)面SKIPIF1<0上的一個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn)(含邊界),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為定值 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在側(cè)面SKIPIF1<0運(yùn)動(dòng)路徑的長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】AD【詳解】解:對(duì)于A,三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積SKIPIF1<0,而因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)P為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以三角形PDD1的面積是定值,且點(diǎn)M到面PDD1的距離是正方體的棱長(zhǎng),所以三棱錐的體積是定值,故A正確;對(duì)于B,過點(diǎn)P作SKIPIF1<0,則由正方體的性質(zhì)得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,正方體的棱長(zhǎng)為2,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)M的軌跡是以Q為圓心,1為半徑的半圓弧,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在側(cè)面SKIPIF1<0運(yùn)動(dòng)路徑的長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0,故B不正確;對(duì)于C、D,過點(diǎn)P作SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)Q是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),連接QC,取BC的中點(diǎn)N,連接NC1,A1N,A1C1,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)M的軌跡是線段SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故C不正確;在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)A1到C1N有距離為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故D正確,故選:AD.7.邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0的正三角形ABC三邊AB?AC?BC的中點(diǎn)分別為D?E?F,將三角形ADE沿DE折起形成四棱錐SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.四棱錐SKIPIF1<0體積最大值為SKIPIF1<0B.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),平面SKIPIF1<0平面PEFC.四棱錐SKIPIF1<0總有外接球D.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),四棱錐SKIPIF1<0外接球半徑有最小值SKIPIF1<0【答案】BC【詳解】解:當(dāng)平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),體積最大,其最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故A不正確.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0?PF的中點(diǎn)為O?H,連接OP,OF,OH,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角,則平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0為正三角形,過其重心作平面SKIPIF1<0的垂線l1,則垂線l1上任意一點(diǎn)到P?D?E的距離都相等,SKIPIF1<0,則過F垂直于平面SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn)到B?C?E?D的距離均相等,因?yàn)閘1與l2均在平面POF內(nèi),∴l(xiāng)1與l2相交,其交點(diǎn)即為外接球球心,故C正確;由C知,當(dāng)l1過F時(shí),SKIPIF1<0即為球心,此時(shí)半徑最小為SKIPIF1<0,故D不正確,故選:BC8.如圖,四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的底面為矩形,SKIPIF1<0底面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論中不正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn),則存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離有可能等于SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角有可能等于SKIPIF1<0D.四棱錐的外接球的表面積的最小值是SKIPIF1<0【答案】CD【詳解】對(duì)于選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),記SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離等于SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離,由SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離即為SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離等于SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)B正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,角SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),線面角為SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0方程組無正解,故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,四棱錐可以補(bǔ)成長(zhǎng)方體,長(zhǎng)方體的外接球的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以外接球的半徑大于等于SKIPIF1<0,所以其表面積的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤;故選:CD.9.如圖,已知二面角SKIPIF1<0的棱l上有A,B兩點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.直線AB與CD所成角的大小為45°B.二面角SKIPIF1<0的大小為60°C.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0D.直線CD與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的正弦值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【詳解】過A作SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,則四邊形ABDE是平行四邊形,如圖,所以SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0是直線AB與CD所成角或其補(bǔ)角,因SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,A正確;因SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0是二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角,又SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0為正三角形,SKIPIF1<0,B正確;因SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,在面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)過C作SKIPIF1<0于O,于是SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤;連接SKIPIF1<0而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0是直線CD與SKIPIF1<0所成角,SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:ABD10.如圖,在直三棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,底面是邊長(zhǎng)為2的正三角形,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)M在SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0,P為線段SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn),則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0B.當(dāng)P為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),直線AP與平面ABC所成角的正切值為SKIPIF1<0C.存在點(diǎn)P,使得SKIPIF1<0D.存在點(diǎn)P,使得三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0【答案】BD【詳解】對(duì)于A,假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0AC,易知SKIPIF1<0⊥AC,SKIPIF1<0∩SKIPIF1<0,故AC⊥平面SKIPIF1<0,故AC⊥BC,這與∠ACB=60°矛盾,故假設(shè)不成立,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,當(dāng)P為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),取BC中點(diǎn)為N,連接PN、AN,易知PN∥SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0⊥平面ABC,則PN⊥平面ABC,故∠PAN即為AP與平面ABC所成角,則tan∠PAN=SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,取BC中點(diǎn)為N,連接AN、NM,由AN⊥BC,AN⊥SKIPIF1<0知AN⊥平面SKIPIF1<0,故AN⊥CP,若SKIPIF1<0,∵AN∩AM=A,則CP⊥平面AMN,則CP⊥MN,過C作CG∥MN交SKIPIF1<0于G,則CP⊥CG,即∠PCG=90°,易知∠PCG不可能為90°,故不存在P使得SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,取BC中點(diǎn)為N,連接AN,易知AN⊥平面SKIPIF1<0,AN=SKIPIF1<0,若三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故存在P使SKIPIF1<0時(shí),三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:BD.11.如圖,在五棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是等腰三角形.則(

)A.平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0B.直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為的大小為60°C.四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0D.四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積為3【答案】AD【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由余弦定理可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以A正確;過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)槠矫鍿KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,且平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離等于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離,在直角SKIPIF1<0中,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以B不正確;由SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以四邊形SKIPIF1<0為直角梯形,其面積為SKIPIF1<0,所以四棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0,所以C不正確,D正確.故選:AD.12.正多面體也稱帕拉圖立體,被喻為最有規(guī)律的立體結(jié)構(gòu),其所有面都只由一種正多邊形構(gòu)成(各面都是全等的正多邊形,且每個(gè)頂點(diǎn)所接的面數(shù)都一樣,各相鄰面所成的二面角都相等).某中學(xué)在勞動(dòng)技術(shù)課上,要求學(xué)生將一個(gè)近似正八面體的玉石切制成如圖所示的棱長(zhǎng)為2的正八面體P-ABCD-Q(其中E?F?H分別為PA,PB,BC的中點(diǎn)),則(

)A.AP與CQ為異面直線B.平面PAB⊥平面PCDC.經(jīng)過E?F?H的平面截此正八面體所得的截面為正六邊形D.此正八面體外接球的表面積為8π【答案】CD【詳解】對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),由多面體的對(duì)稱性知,A,B,C,D四點(diǎn)共面,又因?yàn)镻A=AQ=QC=CP,結(jié)合PQ=AC,所以四邊形PACQ是正方形,所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),設(shè)AB中點(diǎn)為N,CD中點(diǎn)為M,則SKIPIF1<0為平面PAB和平面PCD的二面角,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,NM=2所以SKIPIF1<0,所以平面PAB和平面PCD的二面角不為直角,所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,設(shè)QC,CD,DA的中點(diǎn)分別為J,K,L,順次連接E,F(xiàn),H,J,K,L,E,根據(jù)中位線定理能夠得到EF=FH=HJ=JK=KL=LE,所以經(jīng)過E?F?H的平面截此正八面體所得的截面為正六邊形,故選項(xiàng)C正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,根據(jù)題意,外接球的直徑為SKIPIF1<0,所以外接球的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,表面積SKIPIF1<0,故該選項(xiàng)正確.故選:CD.13.如圖,點(diǎn)P是棱長(zhǎng)為2的正方體ABCD-SKIPIF1<0的表面上一個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn),則(

)A.當(dāng)P在平面SKIPIF1<0上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),四棱錐P-SKIPIF1<0的體積不變B.當(dāng)P在線段AC上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的取值范圍是[SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0]C.使直線AP與平面ABCD所成的角為45°的點(diǎn)P的軌跡長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0D.若F是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),當(dāng)P在底面ABCD上運(yùn)動(dòng),且滿足PF//平面SKIPIF1<0時(shí),PF長(zhǎng)度的最小值是SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABC【詳解】A選項(xiàng),底面正方形SKIPIF1<0的面積不變,P到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離為正方體棱長(zhǎng),故四棱錐P-SKIPIF1<0的體積不變,A選項(xiàng)正確;B選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角,當(dāng)P在端點(diǎn)A,C時(shí),所成角最小,為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)P在AC中點(diǎn)時(shí),所成角最大,為SKIPIF1<0,故B選項(xiàng)正確;C選項(xiàng),由于P在正方體表面,P的軌跡為對(duì)角線AB1,AD1,以及以A1為圓心2為半徑的SKIPIF1<0圓弧如圖,故P的軌跡長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0,C正確;D選項(xiàng),F(xiàn)P所在的平面為如圖所示正六邊形,故FP的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故選:ABC.14.在所有棱長(zhǎng)都相等的正三棱柱中,點(diǎn)A是三棱柱的頂點(diǎn),M,N、Q是所在棱的中點(diǎn),則下列選項(xiàng)中直線AQ與直線MN垂直的是(

)A.B.C.D.【答案】AC【詳解】所有棱長(zhǎng)都相等的正三棱柱中,點(diǎn)A是三棱柱的頂點(diǎn),M,N、Q是所在棱的中點(diǎn),故可設(shè)棱長(zhǎng)為2,在正三棱柱中建立如圖所示的空間直角坐標(biāo)系:對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不垂直,故B不正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于D,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不垂直,故D不正確;故選:AC15.如圖,在長(zhǎng)方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,E,F(xiàn)分別是棱SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則(

)A.△BDF是等邊三角形 B.直線SKIPIF1<0與BF是異面直線C.SKIPIF1<0平面BDF D.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0與三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積相等【答案】AC【詳解】對(duì)于A,設(shè)AB=1,則SKIPIF1<0,故△BDF是等邊三角形,A正確;對(duì)于B,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,如圖所示:易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,E,B,F(xiàn)共面,B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,設(shè)AB=1,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,同理可知SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面BDF,故C正確;對(duì)于D,三棱錐SKIPIF1<0與三棱錐SKIPIF1<0有公共的面SKIPIF1<0,若要它們的體積相等,則點(diǎn)A與點(diǎn)F到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離相等,這顯然不成立,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AC.16.如圖,正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,線段SKIPIF1<0上有兩個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,以下結(jié)論正確的有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.正方體SKIPIF1<0體積是三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積的6倍C.SKIPIF1<0D.異面直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0所成的角為定值【答案】AC【詳解】解:對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以A正確;對(duì)于B項(xiàng),連接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積SKIPIF1<0,所以正方體SKIPIF1<0體積是三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積的SKIPIF1<0倍,所以B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C項(xiàng),如圖建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以C正確;對(duì)于D項(xiàng),當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),異面直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角是SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),F(xiàn)在SKIPIF1<0的位置,異面直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角是SKIPIF1<0,顯然兩個(gè)角不相等,所以D錯(cuò)誤;故選:AC.17.如圖,在棱長(zhǎng)為2的正方體SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0(不包含端點(diǎn))上,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積隨著點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的運(yùn)動(dòng)而變化B.異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0C.直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0D.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球表面積的最小值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】BC【詳解】對(duì)于A選項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,為定值,即A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為正三角形,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角的范圍為SKIPIF1<0,即B正確;對(duì)于C選項(xiàng),易知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即C正確;對(duì)于D選項(xiàng),易知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)時(shí),外接球半徑最小,此時(shí)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0的中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則易知SKIPIF1<0,所以最小球即為以SKIPIF1<0為球心,半徑SKIPIF1<0,表面積SKIPIF1<0,即D錯(cuò)誤.故選:BC18.在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,底面ABC是等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)H為SKIPIF1<0的垂心,且SKIPIF1<0側(cè)面MBC,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0平面ABHC.MA,MB,MC互不相等D.當(dāng)三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積最大時(shí),其外接球的體積為SKIPIF1<0【答案】AB【詳解】解:對(duì)于A,如圖,延長(zhǎng)MH交BC于點(diǎn)D,連接AD,因?yàn)镠為SKIPIF1<0的垂心,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面MBC,SKIPIF1<0平面MBC,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面MAD,又SKIPIF1<0平面MAD,所以SKIPIF1<0,A項(xiàng)正確;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,所以D為BC的中點(diǎn),連接BH并延長(zhǎng)交MC于點(diǎn)E,連接AE,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面MBC,SKIPIF1<0平面MBC,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面ABH,B項(xiàng)正確;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面ABE,所以SKIPIF1<0,過M作SKIPIF1<0,垂足為O,則SKIPIF1<0平面ABC,又SKIPIF1<0平面ABC,所以SKIPIF1<0,延長(zhǎng)CO交AB于點(diǎn)F,連接MF,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面MCF,因?yàn)镸F,SKIPIF1<0平面MCF,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)槿忮FSKIPIF1<0為正三棱錐,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的面積最大,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0平面MBC時(shí),三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積最大,將三棱錐SKIPIF1<0補(bǔ)成正方體SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)正方體SKIPIF1<0的體對(duì)角線長(zhǎng)即為三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球的直徑,設(shè)三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球直徑為2R,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因此三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球的體積SKIPIF1<0,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故選:AB.19.在邊長(zhǎng)為4的正方形ABCD中,如圖1所示,E,F(xiàn),M分別為BC,CD,BE的中點(diǎn),分別沿AE,AF及EF所在直線把SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0折起,使B,C,D三點(diǎn)重合于點(diǎn)P,得到三棱錐SKIPIF1<0,如圖2所示,則下列結(jié)論中正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為4C.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0外接球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0D.過點(diǎn)M的平面截三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球所得截面的面積的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0【答案】AD【詳解】解:由題意,將三棱錐補(bǔ)形為邊長(zhǎng)為2,2,4的長(zhǎng)方體,如圖所示:對(duì)A:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)A正確;對(duì)B:因?yàn)镸為BE的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)C:三棱錐SKIPIF1<0外接球即為補(bǔ)形后長(zhǎng)方體的外接球,所以外接球的直徑SKIPIF1<0,所以三棱錐SKIPIF1<0外接球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)C正確;對(duì)D:過點(diǎn)M的平面截三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球所得截面為圓,其中最大截面為過球心O的大圓,此時(shí)截面圓的面積為SKIPIF1<0,最小截面為過點(diǎn)M垂直于球心O與M連線的圓,此時(shí)截面圓半徑SKIPIF1<0,截面圓的面積為SKIPIF1<0,所以過點(diǎn)M的平面截三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的外接球所得截面的面積的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)D正確.故選:AD.20.在棱長(zhǎng)為1的正方體SKIPIF1<0中,E,F(xiàn),G分別為線段SKIPIF1<0,CD,CB上的動(dòng)點(diǎn)(E,F(xiàn),G均不與點(diǎn)C重合),則下列說法正確的是(

)A.存在點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,使得SKIPIF1<0平面EFGB.存在點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,使得SKIPIF1<0C.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0平面EFG時(shí),三棱錐SKIPIF1<0與C-EFG體積之和的最大值為SKIPIF1<0D.記CE,CF,CG與平面EFG所成的角分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【詳解】解:如圖,以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為原點(diǎn)建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,要使SKIPIF1<0平面EFG,只需SKIPIF1<0即可,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故存在點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,使得SKIPIF1<0平面EFG,故A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,要使SKIPIF1<0,只需要SKIPIF1<0即可,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以不存在點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,使得SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面EFG,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,要使SKIPIF1<0最大,則SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,所以體積之和的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于D,由B,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:ACD.21.已知棱長(zhǎng)為4的正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)P在正方體的表面上運(yùn)動(dòng),且總滿足SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.點(diǎn)P的軌跡所圍成圖形的面積為5 B.點(diǎn)P的軌跡過棱SKIPIF1<0上靠近SKIPIF1<0的四等分點(diǎn)C.點(diǎn)P的軌跡上有且僅有兩個(gè)點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)C的距離為6 D.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線MP所成角的余弦值的最大值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【詳解】如圖,過點(diǎn)M作SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上取一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0四點(diǎn)共面;又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡為矩形SKIPIF1<0(不含點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0

SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0對(duì)于A,矩形SKIPIF1<0的面積為:SKIPIF1<0,A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離范圍是:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0上存在一點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)C的距離為6;在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離范圍是:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0上存在一點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)C的距離為6;但在SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0中不存在到點(diǎn)C的距離為6的點(diǎn),C正確;對(duì)于D,直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0所成的最小角就是直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的即是直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0即是直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成的角,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,D正確;故選:ACD.22.已知正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).下列說法正確的是(

)A.點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0B.正方體SKIPIF1<0外接球的體積為SKIPIF1<0C.面SKIPIF1<0截正方體SKIPIF1<0外接球所得圓的面積為SKIPIF1<0D.以頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為球心,SKIPIF1<0為半徑作一個(gè)球,則球面與正方體的表面相交所得到的曲線的長(zhǎng)等于SKIPIF1<0【答案】BCD【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0到平面SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0錯(cuò)誤;正方體SKIPIF1<0外接球的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,外接球的體積為SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;易得面SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過正方體SKIPIF1<0外接球的球心,故其截外接球所得圓的半徑為外接球的半徑SKIPIF1<0,其圓的面積為SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;如圖,球面與正方體的六個(gè)面都相交,所得的交線分為兩類:一類在頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0所在的三個(gè)面上,即面SKIPIF1<0?面SKIPIF1<0和面SKIPIF1<0上;另一類在不過頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)面上,即面SKIPIF1<0?面SKIPIF1<0和面SKIPIF1<0上.在面SKIPIF1<0上,交線為弧SKIPIF1<0且在過球心SKIPIF1<0的大圓上,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故弧SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為S

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