江西省上饒市鐵山中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷含解析

江西省上饒市鐵山中學(xué)高三英語期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Therelevantauthoritieshaverecently________somecompaniesandindividualsfortheirillegalemissionthatisharmfultotheenvironment.A.cutbackon

B.crackeddownon

C.followedupon

D.heldouton參考答案：B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：有關(guān)當(dāng)局最近對(duì)一些公司和個(gè)人非法排放有害環(huán)境的行為進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲打擊。A.cutbackon削減；B.crackeddownon嚴(yán)懲;；C.followedupon進(jìn)一步了解；D.heldouton保守秘密。crackdownon“嚴(yán)懲”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。2.—Whataboutthenewbakeryatthestreetcornernearourschool?

—You________notwanttoeatitscheesecakes,fortheyareverycalorific.

A.dare B.must C.might D.need參考答案：C情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。might在本句中表示“不肯定的猜測(cè)”，或者在部分語法資料中，把might的本句用法歸類為“委婉的建議”。3.---BradwasJane’sbrother!---_______heremindedmesomuchofJane!A.Nodoubt

B.Aboveall

C.Nowonder

D.Ofcourse參考答案：C4.—Mom,I’msorrytotellyouIfailed

mathstest.—Don’tloseheart.But,given

secondchance,youaresupposedtopass.A.the;the

B.the;a

C.a;a

D.a;the參考答案：B5.—Robert,Ifailedagain!—Don’tworry,you’llgetchosenfortheteam.___________.A.Everydoghasitsday.

B.Anewbroomsweepsclean.C.Acatmaylookataking.

D.Apersonisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.參考答案：A略6.—Anythingtodrink?Coffee?

—IthinkI'llhavesometea

coffee．

A．otherthan

B．morethan

C．lessthan

D．ratherthan參考答案：D7.—WhencanIuseyourcomputer?—Never!_______shouldyoutouchit.A.Innotime

B.Undernocircumstance

C.Atnocase

D.Onnocondition參考答案：D試題分析：考查詞組辨析：A.Innotime立刻，馬上；B.Undernocircumstance在任何情況下都不；C.Atnocase在任何情況下；D.Onnocondition絕不要，從后面的shouldyoutouchit可知這句話用了倒裝句，所以選擇一個(gè)否定意義的詞組Onnocondition，句意：---我什么時(shí)候可以用你的電腦？--不行，你絕不能碰它。選D?！局R(shí)拓展】否定副詞或短語+謂語+主語這類表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but（also）,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等等.如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他沒有收下禮物,還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她剛出門,就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她剛出門,就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪.注意：只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),如NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic8.Olympicathletesbringjoytopeopleacrosstheworldwiththeir____________topushtheboundariesofhumanachievement.A.intelligence B.influences C.impression D.attempts參考答案：D【詳解】考查名詞。句意：奧運(yùn)健兒們努力突破人類成就的極限，為全世界人民帶來了歡樂。A.intelligence智力，理解力；B.influences

影響；C.impression印象，效果；D.attempts企圖，試圖。結(jié)合句意可知D項(xiàng)符合語境。9.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent

attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched

B．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunched

D．tobelaunched參考答案：B解析：themostrecenthavingbeenlaunched構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。themostrecent指最近發(fā)射的載人飛船,與launch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系所以要用動(dòng)詞+ing形式的完成式的被動(dòng)式。

10.—IsawMr.Blackontheplaygroundthismorning.

—You________.He’sstillonholidayinSanya.A.can’t

B.couldn’thave

C.mustn’thave

D.needn’t

參考答案：B11.（基礎(chǔ)題）Ican'tgotothatopera.________，seventydollarsisjusttoomuchformetospendononeevening.A．Inotherwords

B．Onthewhole

C．Inaway

D．Imean參考答案：D略12.ChinaDailyis________anewspaper.IthelpsimproveourEnglish.A．nomorethan

B．nolessthan

C．notmorethan

D．morethan參考答案：D13.I’mafraidI’malittleshort______moneythismonth.

A.for

B.in

C.of

D.with參考答案：C略14.Thepurposeofeducation______betoprovidestudentswithavaluesystem—nottopreparethemforaspecificjob.A．will

B．should

C．could

D．may參考答案：B15.－______hehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?

－Yes,he_____.

A.Can;musthave

B.Must;musthave

C.Can;must

D.Must;must參考答案：A略16.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.A．a(chǎn)nd

B．so

C．but

D.or參考答案：D

解析：根據(jù)句意“你最好開始努力工作，否則的話/要不然的話，你就不會(huì)通過考試”。or表示“否則的話/要不然的話”。17.---Idon’tunderstandwhyCatherinestoppedshort_____sheoughttohavecontinued.---It’sobviousthatshelackedself-confidence.A.when

B.whileC.if

D.as參考答案：A【詳解】考查狀語從句。句意為：——我不明白為什么凱瑟琳本該繼續(xù)下去，卻突然停了下來?！@然她缺乏自信。when在此表示“雖然，盡管”。while表示“盡管”必須置句首；if表示“如果”；as表示“盡管”需倒裝。故選A。18.---Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion?

---______Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.A.Noprobiem

B.Noway

C.Nowonder

D.Nodoubt參考答案：B二、填空19.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.Andeconomics，withitsfocusonencouragement，providesanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsareridofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestment，buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificanteffectonhealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.TheSignificanceofFemale___51___inDevelopingCountriesTopicThoughconsideredasasocialissue，women'seducationisalsolinkedtoadevelopingcountry's___52___.SupportingDetailsAviciouscircle●Withlittle___53___oftheirdaughters'contributiontotheirfamily，parentsareunwillingtoinvestinthem.●Girlscan'tgotoschool，___54___upasuneducatedmothersaftertheirmarriages，whosedaughtersarelikelytofollowintheir___55___.Avirtuouscircle●Withfewerbuthealthierchildren，aneducatedmotherisagood___56___ofherchildren'sdevelopment.●Asaresult，herdaughtersreceivegoodeducation.Sowillthenext___57___ofgirls.___58___educatedfemaleshaveoveruneducatedones●Theyhave___59___tomoreiobopportunitiesandcanearnmoremoney.●Theywillenjoymorehealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.ConclusionEducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesisimportantandrewarding，soitis___60___ofbeinginvested.

參考答案：51.Education

52.economy

53.expectation

54.ending

55.footsteps

56.guarantee

57.generation(s)

58.Edges/Advantages

59.access

60.worthy本文是一篇議論文。這篇文章從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度論證了在發(fā)展中國家女性教育的價(jià)值。【51題詳解】原詞重現(xiàn)。從第一段的句子：Women'seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists可知教育女孩是有價(jià)值的投資：填education?！?2題詳解】詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)第一段中Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.可知，盡管視為一個(gè)社會(huì)問題，婦女的教育也與發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)聯(lián)。故將形容詞economic改成名詞economy?！?3題詳解】詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.可知，對(duì)自己女兒給家庭貢獻(xiàn)幾乎沒有期望，父母都不愿意投資于她們。故把動(dòng)詞expect改成名詞expectation?！?4題詳解】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第二段中g(shù)irlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上學(xué)，最后她們結(jié)婚之后作為沒受過教育的母親而結(jié)束，她的女兒可能會(huì)步她們的后塵。故答案為ending?！?5題詳解】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第二段中g(shù)irlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上學(xué)，最后她們結(jié)婚之后作為沒受過教育的母親而結(jié)束，她的女兒可能會(huì)步她們的后塵。故答案為footsteps。【56題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.可知，有更少但更健康的孩子，受過教育的母親是孩子們發(fā)展的一個(gè)很好的保證。故答案為guarantee。【57題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.可知，因此,她的女兒接受良好的教育，下一代女孩也將如此。故答案為generation(s)。【58題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段中Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.可知，受過教育的女性比沒受過教育的女性擁有更多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故答案為Edges/Advantages?！?9題詳解】固定詞組。根據(jù)最后一段中Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.可知，他們有更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)，可以賺更多的錢。固定詞組：haveaccessto接近，可以利用，故答案為access?！?0題詳解】歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.可知，右邊是這篇文章的結(jié)論：女孩的教育在發(fā)展中國家很重要，非常有益，所以對(duì)它的投資是值得的。beworthyof值得，故答案為worthy。20.FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,___41___mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehimahouseholdnameandinspirationacrosstheglobe,hasdiedatage76.Propelled(推動(dòng))tosuperstarbyhis1988bookABriefHistoryofTime,whichbecame___42___unlikelyworldwidebestseller,Hawkingdevoted___43___(he)tounlockingthesecretsoftheUniverse.Hisgeniusandwit___44___(win)overfansfromfarbeyondtheworldofastrophysics,earningcomparisonswithAlbertEinsteinandSirIsaacNewton.Hawkingdied___45___(peaceful)athishomeintheBritishuniversitycityofCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorning.“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday,”professorHawking’schildrensaidinastatement___46___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency.“Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanwhoseworkandlegacywilllive___47___formanyyears.”Hawkingrefusedtoacceptthepredictionsthathewouldonlyliveforafewyearsafterdevelopingaformofmotorneuronediseaseinhisearly___48___(twenty).Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,___49___(leave)himconfinedtoawheelchair,almostcompletelyparalysedandunabletospeakexceptthroughhisvoicesynthesiser(合成器).“Hiscourageandpersistencewithhisbrillianceand____50____(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld,”hisfamilysaid.參考答案：41.whose

42.an

43.himself

44.won

45.peacefully

46.carried

47.on

48.twenties

49.leaving

50.Humor/humor本文為一篇記敘文。英國最著名的物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬霍金，于星期三早晨在家中平靜地去世，他一生致力于探究宇宙的奧秘。他的《時(shí)間簡史》成為當(dāng)時(shí)最暢銷的書。他的天才和智慧不僅在物理學(xué)界贏得了盛贊，而且還贏得了世人的崇拜。41.考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。分析句子FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,_1__mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehim可知，StephenHawking被一個(gè)定語從句修飾，先行詞Hawking在從句中作mentalgeniusandphysicaldisability的定語，作定語用whose。句意：英國著名的物理學(xué)家霍金，他的智力天才和身體的殘疾讓他成為全世界的家喻戶曉的人物和鼓舞人心的人物，已經(jīng)逝世，享年76歲。故填whose。42.考查冠詞。分析句子可知，《時(shí)間簡史》是一部暢銷書，表示數(shù)量“一”，形容詞unlikely是以元音音素開頭的，故填an。43.考查固定搭配。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth為固定搭配，意為“致力于做某事”?；艚鹨簧铝τ诮议_宇宙的奧秘。故填himself。44.考查謂語動(dòng)詞。本文主要講述霍金生前的事，要用一般過去時(shí)，因此本空要用過去時(shí)won。句意：他的天才和智慧不只在天體物理學(xué)界贏得許多粉絲。故填won。45.考查副詞作狀語?；艚鹩谛瞧谌璩吭谟髮W(xué)城劍橋的家中平靜地死去。peaceful為形容詞，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞died，修飾動(dòng)詞一般用副詞，因此要用其副詞形式peacefully。46.考查非謂語。Hawking教授的孩子在英國新聞協(xié)會(huì)新聞社發(fā)表的一份聲明中說……。分析句子inastatement___6___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency可知，carry在句中作astatement的后置定語。根據(jù)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency（由新聞社發(fā)表的聲明），statement與carry是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞carried。47.考查固定搭配。liveon為固定搭配，在此意為“繼續(xù)活著，繼續(xù)存在”。故填on。48.考查固定搭配。inone’stwenties為固定搭配，意為“在某人二十幾歲時(shí)”。句意：霍金拒絕接受他在20歲多歲時(shí)他患了運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病后只活了幾年的預(yù)言。故填twenties。49.考查非謂語作狀語。分析句子可知，前面的句子（Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,）“疾病逐漸奪走了他的機(jī)動(dòng)性“，導(dǎo)致了后面的結(jié)果，即“使他只能坐在輪椅上”。這種情況下用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語，修飾前面的整個(gè)句子。故填leaving。50.考查名詞。分析句子__10___(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld可知，空格處在句子中做主語，形容詞不能作主語，用名詞形式做主語，故填Humor/humor。三、閱讀理解21.April4thwasjustanotherdayonaWesternAustraliafarmforZacMitchell,untilitsuddenlywasn’t.Inanunexpectedaccident,thecattleworkerwasfeedingtheanimalsinhischargewhenonebullcleanedhimupandkickedhishandupagainsttherail,resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.“Mythumbwasstillhangingontherail...whenIgotupofftheground,”ZacMitchellsays.Hisco-workerstriedtheirbesttopreservethethumbforreattachment,placingitoniceinacooler,buttwosurgeriestoputMitchell’sthumbbackinplacefailed.That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.Mitchell’sleadsurgeon,SeanNicklin,understoodtheman’sdilemmaatfirst,callingita“bitofacrazyidea”.Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.Nicklinexplainsthatthebigtoeissurprisinglyfitforathumbswitch:Nervessyncup(同步)nicely,anditlooksmorelikeathumb,thoughagiantone,thananyotheralternativetheymayhavecomeupwith.Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.Theeight-hoursurgerywentwell,andMitchellisexpectedtohaveayearorsoofrecoveryinfrontofhimbeforeheheadsbackintothefields.24.WhathappenedtoZacMitchellonApril4th?A.Hecleanedupabull.

B.Hewasbadlyhurt.C.Hestartedhisfarm.

D.Helosthisthumbs.25.WhatsuggestiondidthedoctorgivetoMitchellaftertheunsuccessfulsurgery?A.Recreatinganewthumbinplace.B.Replacingthethumbwithhistoe.C.Transplantinghisco-worker’sthumb.D.Puttingbackthecut-offthumbagain.26.WhatisMitchell’sfirstattitudetothedoctor’sanothersuggestion?A.Optimistic.

B.Insignificant.C.Hesitant.

D.Rejective.27.AccordingtoNicklin,afterthesurgeryMitchellisableto

.A.surfonthesea

B.dodailyactivitiesC.onlystayathome

D.workonwheelchair參考答案：BBCB24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“…resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.”可知，一個(gè)牛場(chǎng)工人被一頭公牛弄斷了大拇指，嚴(yán)重受傷。故選B。25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.”可知，醫(yī)生提出建議用他的大腳趾代替大拇指。故選B。26推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段二、三句“Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.”可推斷，對(duì)于醫(yī)生的另一個(gè)建議起初ZacMitchell是猶豫的，畢竟他不想身體的其他地方受傷。故選C。27B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)兩句“Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.”可知，根據(jù)Nicklin說的，大腳趾對(duì)于平衡和走路不是必須的，在日?；顒?dòng)中，像走路甚至競(jìng)技性運(yùn)動(dòng)，沒有大腳趾的人也做得很好。因此可知Mitchell手術(shù)后能夠從事日常活動(dòng)。故選B。22.ClimbingWithoutRopesThepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It’smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder?improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems

BoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe“problem”thatonemustsolve.The“solution”isthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoverab