2023年12月英語四級考試真題及答案

２023年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題及答案PａrtⅠWritiｎg(３０minuｔeｓ)注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。Dｉrｅcｔions:Forthiｓpaｒｔ,ｙoｕareaｌlｏwｅｄ３０ｍiｎutestｏwrｉteasｈortｅssaｙｏｎthetｏpiｃofCrｅatiｎgaGreenCampuｓ．Yｏushｏuldwｒiteatleａst１20wordsfoｌlowinｇtheoutｌinegivenｂｅｌｏw：1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要2．綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境……3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)……CｒeatiｎgaＧreｅnＣampｕｓParｔⅡRｅaｄiｎｇＣｏmpｒehenｓioｎ(SｋiｍmｉngaｎdScannｉｎg)(15ｍinutｅs)Ｄｉrｅｃtｉｏns:Ｉnthisｐart，ｙouwillｈavｅ１5ｍｉnｕtｅstogoovertｈepassaｇeqｕicklyandａnswertheqｕestionsonAnsｗerSheeｔ1.Forqｕesｔiｏnｓ1-7,choosetｈebestａnswerｆroｍthefｏｕrchoｉcｅsｍarｋedＡ),B),Ｃ)aｎｄD).Ｆorqueｓｔiｏn8-１０,cｏmpletetｈesenteｎｃeswiｔhtheinforｍatioｎｇiveninthｅpassaｇｅ.Coｌlegestａkiｎgａnotherlｏｏkatｖaｌｕeoｆmerit－basedａidGｏodｇrａdｅsaｎdhiｇｈtｅｓｔｓscoressｔｉｌｌmatter—ａlot—ｔomaｎycｏllegｅsａstｈeyａwardfiｎanciａｌａiｄ.Butｗｉthlｏw-inｃomｅｓtuｄentsｐrojｅcｔｅｄtomａkeupaｎeｖｅr-lａｒgerｓharｅｏfｔhecｏllｅｇｅ－ｂｏundpopulatiｏｎincoｍｉｎgyears,someｓchoolsarere-examiniｎgwhetherthataｉｄ,tyｐicaｌｌyｋnownaｓ“meｒｉtａiｄ”,istheｍostefｆｅctiveｕsｅofprecｉousiｎｓtｉtｕtionａldｏlｌaｒs.GeorgeWaｓhingtｏnUnivｅrsiｔyiｎWashｉngton,D．C．,forexａmple,saidlaｓtweeｋｔｈatｉtｗｏuｌdｃｕtthevalueofiｔsａverａgemerｉｔschｏlａrshｉpsbｙａboｕtone-tｈiｒdaｎdreducｅｔｈｅnumberofreｃipｉents(接受者)，poｕringｔhesａvings,abouｔ＄２.5million,intoneed-baｓedaid．AllegｈｅnyＣollｅgeinMeadviｌle,Ｎow,HamiltonCｏllegeｉnClinton，Noｔaｌlｃoｌlegeｓｏｆfermeritａｉd；genｅrａlly,themｏｒeseｌeｃtivｅaschool，tｈｅｌessｌiｋelｙitisｔodoso．HaｒｖardandPrinceton,forexaｍple,offergenerousｎeed-bａsedpackages,buｔｍａnyfａmilieswhｏdoｎ’tmｅe(cuò)ｔｎeｅdｅlｉgibiliｔy(資格)havebeenwｉllingｔｏpayｗｈatｅverｔheyｍｕｓｔｆｏrａbig-ｎaｍｅschool.Foｒsmallrｅgionａｌｃollegｅsｔhaｔstｒｕgglejustｔｏfillseaｔs,meｒitaidcanbeａnｉmpoｒtantrevenue－ｂuildｅrbｅcauｓemanyrecｉｐiｅnｔssｔillｐayｅｎoughtｕitiondollarsoveraｎｄabｏvｅthｅsｃｈoｌarshｉpａmｏunttokeepｔhｅinｓｔiｔuｔiｏｎrunning.Ｂuｔforｒankiｎgs-ｃonsｃiousscｈoolsinbeｔween,meｒitａiｄhａsservedpｒimarilyasatooltｏrｅcruittoｐstudｅntｓａndtoimprovethｅiracademｉｃprofｉts.“Tｈey’ｒetryinｇtobuystudents,”saysSkidmorｅColleｇeecoｎoｍistSandyＢaum.Sｔｕdｉesshｏwmeriｔaｉdａlｓｏtendstoｂeｎefitｄisprｏｐorｔｉoｎatelystｕｄentswhocoulｄaffordｔoenrollｗｉｔｈouｔiｔ.“Ａsｗeloｏkｔｏtｈefｕｔure,wesｅｅamoｒepressingnｅｅdｔｏinveｓtｉnｎeed-bａｓedａid，”saysＭonicaInzer，deａnofadｍissiｏnａndfiｎanciａｌaidaｔHamiltｏn,whｉchhasoｆferｅdmeritsｃholａrshipsfoｒ10ｙears.Ｄuｒinｇtｈattimｅ,ｉｔrｏseinUSＮews＆WｏrｌdReport’ｓrankingofthebesｔliberalａrtsｃollegｅs,fｒom2５to17.Meｒiｔａｉd,whiｃhbｅｎefitｅdａbｏuｔ75studｅnｔsａyｅａr,oraｂouｔ4%oｆiｔｓstｕdｅntbody，atacosｔoｆaboｕt＄1millionaｙear，“ｓervｅdｕｓweｌｌ,”Iｎｚerｓays,ｂuｔ“tobｅdiscoｕnｔｉngtheｐriceforｆaｍilieｓtｈａt(yī)doｎ’tnｅｅdfinａncialaｉｄdoesｎ’tfeｅｌrighｔａnｙmoｒe．”Ｎeed-bａsｅｄaidrｅmainsbyｆａrtｈｅlargestshareofallstuｄeｎtaiｄ,ｗｈｉchiｎcludeｓstaｔｅ,fｅｄeraｌanｄinｓtitutionalgrａnts.Butmeritaiｄ,oｆｆeredprimariｌｙｂｙsｃhoolｓanｄｓtates,isgrowingｆaster,bothoverａllａndattheiｎstiｔutionａllｅvｅl．Between1995-96ａnd２０２3-０4,ｉnsｔituｔionalｍeｒｉtaidaｌonｅinｃreａsed212%,coｍpａｒedwith47%forneｅd－baｓeｄgrants.Atleaｓt1５staｔeｓalsoofferｍerｉtaid,typicaｌlyinaｂidｔｏｅnｒｏllｔopstudeｎtsｉntｈｅｓtatｅ’spuｂｌｉｃiｎstｉtutionｓ.Butiｎrecentyearｓ,agrowｉｎgcｈorｕｓ(異口同聲)oｆcｒiticｓhaｓｂeｇｕｎｐreｓｓｕrｉnｇsｃｈｏolstodropｔhｅｐraｃticｅ．RecentdecisionsbyHamilｔonaｎdothersｍaybe“aｓigｎthatpeopｌeａrestartingtorealizetｈatthere’sthｉｓdestrｕcｔｉveｃoｍpetitｉoｎgoinｇoｎ,”saysBaum，co-ａutｈoroｆａrecｅntＣｏlｌｅgeＲｅｐｏrtthatraｉｓeｓconceｒnsabｏuttｈｅｒolｅofinstituｔionalaｉdｎotｂaseｄｏnneed.DａvｉｄLaird,presｉdentoｆtheMinｎｅsoｔaPrivaｔｅCoｌｌegeCounｃil,sａｙsｍanｙｏfｈｉsschoｏlｓwouｌdｌiketｏｒeduｃetheiｒmｅｒiｔaidbuｔfeａrthaｔinｄoingso,theｙｗoulｄloｓetopｓｔuｄentstotheircoｍpeｔｉtｏrｓ.“Nｏoｎecanｔakｅone－siｄedaｃtion，”sａｙsLaiｒd，ｗｈoisexplorｉngwhetherｔoseekanｅｘeｍptiｏｎ(豁免)frｏｍfeｄｅｒalanti-ｔrｕｓｔlawssomeｍbeｒｃｏｌleｇeｓcａndiscｕsshowｔheycｏuldｊointlyｒｅduｃemｅriｔaｉd，“Tｈisisamerｒy-go-roｕndｔhaｔ’sgoingvｅｒyfast,andnoneoftｈeinｓtｉｔｕtioｎｓbｅｌiｅveｔheycansustaintｈｅrｉsksoftryｉngtoｂrｅakawaybytｈｅmselvｅs.”Acompliｃａt(yī)ingfactoristｈatmeritaｉdｈasbeｃomesoｐoｐularｗｉthｍiddle－incomeｆamilieｓ,whodon’tquａliｆyfoｒneｅd－baseｄaid，thaｔｍanｙhavecometodepeｎdｏnit.Aｎd，asｔuitiｏnscontinuetoincrｅase,tｈｅlineｂetwｅe(cuò)ｎmeritanｄｎeedbluｒs.That’ｓonereasoｎA(yù)llegｈｅnyCｏｌlegeｄoesn’ｔplａntｏdropmeｒitaｉｄentｉｒely.“Ｗｅsｔillｂｅlieveiｎrewardiｎgsuｐerｉorachievemｅntｓaｎdknowｔhattheｓetopstuｄｅｎｔｓｔrｕｌyvaｌuｅthｅscholarshｉp，”sａｙｓSｃoｔｔFｒiedhoｆf,Alleｇｈeny’sviｃeｐresidentfoｒenｒｏllｍｅnt.EｍoryUnｉｖeｒsiｔｙiｎA(yù)tlanｔa,whiｃhbｏａstsa＄4．7ｂillioneｎｄｏwｍenｔ（捐贈(zèng))，mｅanwhile,isｔakingaｎotherappｒoach.Thiｓyear，itａｎｎｏuncedｉtwouldelｉｍinatｅｌoaｎｓfｏrneedystudｅntsandｃaptｈemformiddle-incoｍeｆamilies.Ａttｈｅsａmeｔiｍe，iｔwｏuldexpaｎdiｔｓ28－year-oldmerｉtprｏｇｒam．“Yeah,we’ｒeplaｙinｇｔheｍeritｇame,”acｋnoｗledgesTｏmＬancａstｅr,asｓocｉａt(yī)ｅdｅａnforｕｎｄergrａｄuatｅe(cuò)duｃatｉon.Buｔｉthasitｓstｒongｐoinｔ,tｏｏ,ｈesayｓ.“Thｅfactoｆthｅｍaｔteｒis,it’snoｔjustabｏｕtthｅloｗest－inｃomｅpeople.Ｉｔ’sｔhｅavｅｒａgeAmeｒicanmｉdｄlｅ－ｃlaｓｓfamiｌywho’ｓbeinｇpricｅｄｏｕtofthｅmarket.”＊Afeｗwordsabｏｕｔmeｒit－ｂasedaid:Ｍeriｔ-basedaidisaｉdoffｅｒedtostudenｔｓwhoachiｅｖeexcelleｎceiｎagiｖenａrea,andｉsｇenerallykｎowｎａｓａｃaｄｅｍｉc,ａt(yī)hleticandaｒtisｔicｍeｒitscholａｒｓhips．Acadｅmicmeｒitsｃhoｌaｒshipsaｒebaｓedｏnstudentｓ’graｄes,GPAanｄoveraｌｌａcａdemicｐerformancｅｄuringhｉｇhscｈool.Theyareｔypicalｌymeantｆoｒstudentsgoingｓｔrａｉghｔｔocoｌlegeriｇｈtaｆterhighｓｃhoｏl.However,ｔherｅarｅschｏlarshipsfoｒcurrenｔｃollｅge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eｎjoｙhealtｈiｅrfood.D)Heｔhiｎkstake-ａｗayistaｓteleｓs．２5.A)Itiｓsoｍetｈinginevｉtaｂle.Ｂ)Ｉtisｆｒustratｉngｓｏmeｔimes.C）Ｉttａkｅsｐatｉenｃｅtomanage.D)Itｃanbeａgoｏdｔｈing.SｅcｔｉｏnBDｉrectｉons:Inthisseｃtion,ｙoｕwｉllｈeａr3shortｐａｓｓages．Ａtthｅｅｎdｏfｅaｃhpａsｓaｇｅ,youwｉllｈｅａrsoｍeqｕｅstｉons.Ｂoｔhthｅｐaｓsageandthｅｑｕｅstｉonswiｌｌbespokenonlyonｃe.Afterｙouheaｒaquｅstiｏｎ,ｙoumｕstcｈｏoｓeｔｈeｂestaｎｓweｒfromthefourchoiｃesｍａrｋｅdA）,B),C)ａndD).TｈenｍarktｈｅcorｒｅsponｄiｎgletｔeｒonAnswerSheet２withaｓiｎｇｌｅlｉnetｈrｏuｇhthｅcｅntre．PassageOneQueｓtions26tｏ28arｅbasedonｔhｅpassaｇeyoｕｈaｖejustheaｒd.２6．A)Therｅweｒｅnoplａnｅｔswｉthoutmoons.Ｂ)Thｅｒewasｎｏａiｒｏｒwａt(yī)ｅｒonJupiter.C)Lｉfewaｓnotpｏsｓｉblｅiｎｏuｔｅrｓpａce.D)Tｈemｙstｅryｏflｉfecouldnotｂerｅｓolvｅd.27.A）Ithaｓanumbｅrｏfａctivevｏlcaｎoes.Ｂ)Iｔhaｓanａt(yī)mosphereliｋｅtｈeeaｒtｈ’s．C)Ithａsalargeocｅanuｎdｅrｉtssurfaｃe.D）Ithasdeｅpcａveｓseveralmilｅsloｎg.28．A)Ｌiｇhｔisｎotaneｓsentiaｌeｌemenｔtoit.B）Lifeｃａｎｆormiｎverｙｈotｔemperａｔuｒes．C）Eｖeryｆoｒmofliｆeundergoｅsevolutｉoｎ.D)Oxygenisnｏtnｅｅｄedforsoｍeliｆeｆorms．PassaｇeTｗoＱuesｔions2９ｔo３1ａｒebaseｄonthｅpａssageyoｕhavejｕｓtheard.２9.A)Wheｔhｅrｔheｙshoｕｌdtaketheｃhｉｌdhome.B)Wｈａt(yī)Dr．Ｍaｙeｒ’ｓinｓｔrｕctioｎsexactlywerｅ.C)Wｈｏshouｌｄtakｅcarｅofｔｈｅchｉldaｔhome.D)Wheｎtｈechｉｌｄｗouldｃompleｔelyreｃｏｖer.３0.A)Sheencoｕｒａgｅsthｅｍｔoasｋｑuｅsｔｉonｓwheｎindoｕｂt．Ｂ)Shemakｅsthemwritedｏwnallheriｎsｔrｕctioｎｓ.C）Shｅhａｓtｈemacｔｏutwｈattheｙaretｏdoathome.Ｄ)Sheaskｓｔhemｔorepｅatwhａｔthｅyａresｕｐposedtodo.3１．A)Ｉtlaｃｋsthestａｂiｌityofthepriｎteｄwoｒd.B)Itcｏntaｉnｓmａnygｒammatｉcalerrors．Ｃ）Ｉtiｓheavilｙdependentontheｃontexｔ.D)ItfaciliｔaｔesｉnterｐeＰasｓａgｅＴｈreeQuｅｓｔｉｏns33ｔo35ａrebａｓedonthepassａgeyoｕhaveｊusthearｄ.３2．A)Joｂsecurｉｔy.B）Gｏodlabｏurreｌations.Ｃ）Ｃｈａlｌenｇingwｏｒｋ.D)Attractiｖｅｗａｇｅsandbenｅfｉts.33.A)Manytediouｓjobsｃoｎｔinuetｏbedｏnemanualｌｙ．Ｂ)Ｍoｒeaｎdmoreｕnｓkｉlledｗｏrkeｒswｉｌlｌｏsejｏbs.Ｃ)Ｃompｕterswilｌchanｇｅtheｎatureoｆｍanｙjobs.D)Ｂorｉngjobsｗiｌlgｒａduａllybemaｄｅe(cuò)njoyaｂle.34．Ａ)Offerthemchanｃeｓoｆproｍotｉon.B)Improｖethｅｉrwoｒkｉngcondｉtions.C)Encoｕrａｇetｈｅmtｏｃomｐetewｉtｈeａchothｅr.Ｄ)Gｉvethemreｓpoｎsｉbｉlitieｓaｓpartofateam.35.Ａ）Ｔhｅｙwilｌnｏtbringrｅalbｅneｆitstothestaff.B）Ｔheycoｎcｅrnasmallｎumｂerofpeｏplｅonｌy.Ｃ）Theｙarearbｉtrariｌyseｔbythｅadｍｉnistrators.Ｄ）Theyａｒebｅyｏｎdthecｏnｔrolofｏrdinarｙwｏｒｋｅｒs．SecｔioｎＣDirectioｎs：Iｎtｈｉｓsecｔion,yｏuwiｌlｈearapassａgetｈreeｔimｅs.Wｈenthepassａｇeiｓreaｄforthefirsttime,yoｕshouｌdlｉsteｎcareｆullyforiｔsｇｅneｒalidea.Whenthｅpａssagｅｉsreaｄfoｒtheseｃｏndｔｉme,ｙouａｒeｒｅqｕirｅdtofｉｌliｎtheｂlanｋsnumbereｄfｒom３6to43wiｔhthｅe(cuò)ｘacｔwｏｒｄｓyoｕhaveｊustｈｅard.Forbｌａnkｓnumberedfroｍ44to46youａrerequiredtoｆilliｎｔhemissiｎginｆormation.Ｆortｈeseblankｓ,youcaneitheｒuseｔhｅe(cuò)ｘaｃtwordsｙoｕhaｖejｕsthｅardｏrwritedownｔｈｅｍaｉnpoｉｎtsinyｏurowｎwordｓ．Finally，ｗhｅnｔhepａssageisreaｄｆorthetｈirdtｉme,yｏｕsｈoulｄcheｃkwｈatyouｈavewritｔeｎ．注意：此部分試題在答題卡２上。Intｈehumanitiｅｓ，authｏrｓwriteｔoinｆｏrmyｏuinmanｙｗays.Tｈesemethodscanbe(３6）__＿＿_(dá)_ｉｎtoｔhreeｔｙｐｅsoｆｉｎfoｒmationaｌｗritinｇ:ｆactｕaｌ,ｄescriptive,andproｃesｓ．Factualｗriｔiｎｇprovideｓ（３7）＿_(dá)____inｆormaｔiononａｎauthｏr,ｃoｍposer，orartistorｏnatyｐeofmusic，liｔerａｔuｒe，orａｒt.Ｅｘamｐleｓoｆfacｔｕalwｒitiｎｇincｌudenotesｏnabooｋjacｋetｏr(38)＿＿_(dá)___covｅraｎdｌｏngerpieces,sｕchaｓaｎａｒticledeｓcribiｎｇastyleofmuｓicwｈichyｏuｍｉghtreaｄiｎamｕsic(3９)＿_(dá)___＿couｒse．Ｔｈiskｉndｏfｗrｉtiｎgｐｒｏvidesａ（40）___＿_(dá)_ｆorｙｏｕrstｕｄyｏfｔhｅhuｍａｎiｔieｓ．Asitsname(41)______,ｄescrｉptivewritiｎｇｓimplｙdescribes,orprovidesan（42）____＿_(dá)of,apiecｅofｍusiｃ,aｒｔ,ｏrliｔerａｔure.Fｏrexａmple,ｄescriptiｖeｗｒｉtingmｉｇhtｌisttｈecolorsａｎaｒｔistuseｄｉnapａｉnｔingoｒthe(4３)______acomposｅrｉｎｃludeｄinamusicalcomposiｔion,soasｔｏｍａkeｐictｕｒesorsoｕndｓintｈeｒeaｄeｒ’smiｎdbｙｃａｌlingupsｐecifｉcdeｔailsofthｅwork.(４４）＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__.Proｃeｓswritｉngeｘplａinｓaseｒiesofactionstｈａt(yī)bringａboutａresult．(45)___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_.Ｔhiｓｋiｎｄofwritingisｏftenｆoundｉnａrt,whｅｒeundersｔaｎdiｎghｏwaｎartｈascreatedaｃertaineffecｔisimｐoｒtaｎｔ.(4６）____＿＿＿＿_(dá).PartⅣRｅａdiｎgComprehensiｏｎ(ＲeａｄiｎginＤeptｈ)（25miｎutes）SectionADirｅctiｏnｓ:Inthisｓｅｃtion，ｔheｒｅisａpassagewｉｔhteｎbｌａnｋｓ.Yｏuaｒerequirｅdｔoselｅctｏnewordfｏreacｈｂｌａｎkfｒomaｌｉstｏｆchoicesgivｅｎinaｗｏrdbanｋfollｏwingthepassage.Ｒeadtｈepaｓｓagethｒoughcarefulｌyｂefｏｒｅmaｋinｇｙｏurchｏｉcｅs．Eacｈchoｉceintheｂaｎｋisideｎtiｆiｅdbyalｅtter.ＰｌeasemａrkｔhecorresｐoｎｄinｇletterｆorｅacｈitemonＡｎsｗerSheet２withaｓiｎgleｌｉnｅthroughtｈｅｃenｔrｅ.Youmaynotuｓｅanyofthewｏｒｄsinthebankｍｏｒetｈanoncｅ.Ｑuestions47to56areｂasedｏntheｆｏllowingpassａｇe.Ｉnfａmilieswitｈtwoｗorkingpaｒents,faｔheｒsmａyｈavemoｒeiｍｐaｃtｏnachiｌd’slangｕａgedevelopmｅntｔhanｍｏtherｓ，anewｓtuｄysuｇｇestｓ.Rｅｓeaｒcｈers4７92familiｅsfｏrm1１childcarecｅnteｒsbｅｆｏrethｅｉrｃhｉlｄｒenwｅｒeaｙｅarｏlｄ,ｉntｅｒvｉeｗingeachtoestablishincome,levelｏfeducatｉonandchｉldcａreａrｒangｅments.Overａll，ｉｔｗａsagrｏuｐｏｆwell-ｃlassfamｉｌies,withｍarｒiedpａｒeｎtsbｏｔhｌiｖinginthehome.Whenthｅchiｌdrenwerｅ2,reｓeａｒcｈｅrsｖidｅoｔapedｔｈemathomeinｆrｅe(cuò)-ｐlａysｅssioｎswithbotｈpaｒenｔs,4８ａlｌｏftheiｒspｅe(cuò)ch.ThestｕｄywiｌｌappeａrintheNoveｍｂeｒisｓueofＴｈeJoｕrnａlofＡppliedＤeveloｐmeｎtａlPsｙchoｌｏｇy.Tｈｅscientistsmeasureｄthe4９nuｍberofutteraｎｃｅ(話語)oftheparｅnｔs,thenｕmｂerofdifｆｅrenｔｗordstheｙused，ｔhecomplｅｘitｙoftheｉrseｎｔencesandｏther5０oｆtｈeirｓpeｅｃh.Oｎａverａｇe,fａｔhｅrｓｓｐｏkelesstｈanmｏthｅrsdid,ｂutthｅｙdiｄnｏtdifferintｈelengtｈofutｔerancesorproportionofqueｓｔioｎsasｋed.Finally,thｅｒeｓearｃｈｅrs51t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