2023年6月六級真題

20２3年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題及答案詳解Paｒｔ

Ⅰ

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(３0minutes)Dｉｒectiｏnｓ：

Fortｈispaｒｔ,youareallｏwｅd30minutestowriｔeaｓhortesｓａｙｅnｔitled

TｈeＣerｔificateCｒａzｅ.Yousｈoｕldwｒiteａｔleａst１5０ｗorｄｓfｏlｌｏｗingthｅoｕｔｌinｅgivenbeloｗ.1.現(xiàn)在許多人熱衷于各類證書考試2.其目的各不相同3.在我看來……TｈeCｅrｔiｆiｃateCraze注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。PａrｔII

ReadｉｎｇCompｒｅhension(SkimmｉnganｄScａnniｎg)

(15miｎutes)Directｉonｓ:

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Forqｕestioｎs１-7,ｃhoosｅthebｅｓｔanswｅrfromthｅfourchｏｉcesmａrkｅdＡ),Ｂ),C)andＤ)．Forｑｕｅｓtioｎs8-10,completｅtｈeseenteｎseswiｔhｔhｅinｆorｍatｉoｎgｉveniｎｔｈepａssaｇe.ＭｉnoritｙRｅｐｏrtAmeriｃanunｉvｅｒsitiesareacceptinｇmｏrｅminorｉtｉesｔｈanever.Ｇｒaduaｔingtｈeｍisanoｔheｒｍattｅｒ．BarryＭillｓ,thｅprｅsidentofBｏwdoinＣolleｇｅ，ｗａsjustifｉaｂlyprｏudofＢowdoin'sefｆorｔsｔｏｒecｒuｉtmiｎｏrityｓtuｄentｓ.Ｓince2０23thesｍａll，ｅliｔeliｂerａlａrtsschｏolｉnBrunｓwick,Mａｉne,ｈａsboostedｔhepｒoｐoｒtionofso-caｌleｄｕnder-ｒeprｅsentｅｄminoritystudeｎtｓineｎｔerinｇfreshｍanclaｓｓesｆｒom8%to13%.＂Ｉtｉｓouｒresponsibｉlitｙｔoreaｃｈoutａnｄatｔractstｕｄenｔstocometoouｒｋｉndsofplacｅｓ，"heｔoｌda＂Ifyｏｕｌookatwｈoenterscollege,iｔnowlookｓｌikeＡｍericａ,"saysHilaｒyPｅｎｎington,direｃtorofｐoｓｔｓecondaｒypｒoｇrａmｓｆoｒｔheＢｉｌｌ&MelindaＧaｔｅsFoｕndatiｏn,whｉchhasｃlｏselystudｉｅdenrolｌｍentpatternsinｈigheｒeducatioｎ."Butiｆyoulookａｔｗhｏwaｌksacroｓsthｅstagefｏraｄiploma，it'sｓtｉlllargeｌｙthewｈite,upper-inｃomeｐopulatｉon."TｈeUnitｅdSｔａｔｅsｏncehａdｔｈｅhigｈestgｒaduａt(yī)ｉoｎｒateofａｎｙnation.Nowｉtstaｎds１0th.ＦortheｆirsttiｍｅinAmeriｃanｈｉstoｒy，tｈereｉstｈeｒｉskthattｈeriｓiｎｇgｅnｅrationwillbelesｓｗeｌleｄuｃａt(yī)ｅdthanｔheprevｉoｕsｏne.Ｔhegraduatioｎrateamoｎg２5-tｏ34－year－oｌdｓisｎoｂettｅｒthantheratefｏrthe5５－tｏ64－yｅａr-ｏｌdswhｏweｒｅｇoｉngtoｃollegeｍorethan3０yeaｒsago.Studieｓshowthatｍoｒeaｎｄmorepｏoranｄnon-ｗhiｔｅｓtudenｔswanｔtograduａt(yī)eｆｒｏmcoｌlege–butthｅirgradｕａｔioｎrａt(yī)esfallfarｓhortoftｈｅｉrdreaｍs.Tｈegｒaduａt(yī)iｏnratesforblａcks,Latinｏs，ａｎdNａt(yī)ｉｖeAmericanｓlagfarbehindthｅｇrａｄuａt(yī)ｉonrａt(yī)esｆorｗhiｔeｓａndAsianｓ.ＡｓtｈemiｎｏritypopulａｔiｏngｒｏwｓｉnｔｈｅUｎiteｄStates,ｌｏwcｏｌlｅgegraduationrａt(yī)esbecomeaｔｈreaｔtｏnatiｏnａlprｏsperity.Tｈeprobleｍiｓｐrｏnｏｕnｃｅdａt(yī)puｂｌicunｉverｓｉｔies．Ｉn２０２3ｔhｅUｎiversｉｔyｏfWiｓcoｎsin-Ｍａｄisｏｎ–onｅofｔhｅtopfiveorｓoｐrestigiｏuｓｐｕblｉｃｕｎiversitiｅｓ–gradｕaｔeｄ8１％ofｉtｓwhｉtestuｄｅntｓwithinsixyｅars，ｂｕtonly56%ofitsblacｋs．Aｔlesｓ-ｓelectiｖeｓtaｔeｓchools,ｔhenumbersgｅtworse．Dｕringｔhesametiｍeｆｒａｍｅ,thｅUｎiｖersityofPrivatecollｅgesａnduniｖersitiｅsgeneｒaｌlyｄobetｔeｒ,ｐａrｔlyｂｅｃaｕsetｈeｙoffersmalｌerclassesaｎdmoｒｅpersonalａｔtentioｎ．Ｂutwｈｅnｉtcｏmestoasignｉficantgrａduatiｏｎgaｐ，Bowｄｏinhascoｍpany．NeａrbyＣolbｙColleｇeloggedaｎ18-pｏｉntdiｆfｅrencebｅtｗｅenｗhiｔeandblａckｇraduatesｉn2023aｎd25poｉntsｉn2０23.MｉddleｂuｒｙＣollegeｉnVermｏｎt,anｏthertoｐschool,hａｄa１9－ｐointgapin2023andａ２２-pointgａpｉｎ２０23.Thｅmosｔｓeｌｅctivepｒiｖatescｈoolｓ–Haｒｖａrd，Ｙaｌe,andPrincetoｎ–ｓhowalmostnogａpbetweeｎblackandwhitｅgradｕationratｅs.Butｔhａｔｍａyｈavemoreｔodowiｔhtheiraｂilｉtｙtｏsｅlecttｈｅbestsｔｕdenｔｓ.ＡccordiｎgtoｄａｔaｇatheredbyHarｖardLawＳchｏoｌpｒofｅssorLaｉnＧaｉneｒ,ｔｈeｍostselectivesｃｈｏolsarｅmoreｌｉkelyｔochｏoseｂlaｃkswhｏｈaveatleasｔｏneｉmmｉgrantparｅntfromＡfrｉcａoｒthe"Ｈighereｄuｃatｉｏnhasｂeenａbleｔoduckthisiｓsueforyears,ｐarticｕｌarlythemoreｓｅlｅctｉvescｈools，bysayiｎgtheresponsibｉlｉtyｉｓｏｎｔｈeinｄividualstｕdent,＂saysPenniｎｇｔｏnoftｈeＧａt(yī)esFoｕｎdatiｏn.＂Ifｔheyｆａil,iｔ＇stheirfault."Ｓomecritiｃsblａmeaffｉrmaｔiveactiｏn–sｔｕdentｓadmｉｔtedwithloweｒｔesｔsｃoｒｅsaｎｄgｒaｄesｆｒomshａｋyｈｉgｈschoolsｏｆｔeｎstruｇｇleateliteschｏｏls．Bｕｔabiｇgerｐｒoblemmayｂｅｔｈatpoorhighｓchｏolsofｔｅnsｅndtheiｒstｕdeｎtstocｏｌlegesfｏrｗhiｃhtheｙaｒe＂ｕｎderｍａt(yī)ｃhｅd":ｔhｅｙcouldｇetiｎtomoreelite，ｒichersｃhools,ｂutｉｎsｔeadgotｏcommunityｃoｌlegesanｄlow-ratedｓtateschoolｓthatlａcktherｅsｏurｃestoheｌptｈem.Ｓoｍesｃｈoolsｏutfｏrprofitcyｎiｃalｌyiｎcｒeasetｕiｔionｓａndcountｏｎstudeｎｔlｏaｎsandfederalaidtoｆoｏtthｅｂill–knowｉｎgｆullｗｅｌlthaｔthｅstudentsｗon'tmaｋeiｔ．"Thｅｓchｏolkeｅpｓthemｏney,ｂuｔtｈekiｄleaveswithlｏａdｓofdebtaｎdnodeｇrｅeaｎdnoabｉlｉtytｏｇetａbettｅrjｏｂ.Ｃoｌleｇｅsarenothoｌdiｎguｐｔheirenｄ,"saｙｓＡmyＷilｋinsｏftheＥｄucatｉonTｒuｓt.Aｃollegｅｅｄucatｉonisgeｔtingｅvermoｒeexpeｎsive.Siｎce198２ｔuｉｔｉｏnsｈａvｅｂｅenrisingatrouｇhlytｗicｅtheｒaｔeofｉnｆlation.In2０23thenetcostofatｔendinｇaｆour-yeaｒｐubliｃuniversｉty–ａｆｔerfｉnanｃialaid–equaｌed２8%of

mediａn

(中間的)faｍilyiｎcｏme,ｗhilｅafoｕr－yearpｒｉvateｕｎｉveｒsitycosｔ７6%ｏfｍediaｎfａmilyiｎcome.Mｏｒeａndｍｏresｃholaｒｓｈipsarｅbａｓedonmｅｒit，nｏtｎeｅd.Poｏrerｓtudentｓａrｅnotalwayｓtｈｅbeｓt-inｆorｍｅdconsumｅrs．Oｆtentheywindupdeeplyｉnｄebtorｓｉmplyuｎabletoｐaｙａftｅrayeａrｏrtwoaｎdmustdropoｕt.Therｅoncｅwasatiｍewhｅnｕniｖeｒｓitiesｔookpridｅｉntheiｒdｒopoutraｔeｓ．Ｐrｏfｅｓsｏrｓwouldｂｅgiｎtｈｅｙearｂysaying,"Lｏoktotｈerｉghtanｄlooｋtotheｌeｆt.Onｅoｆｙｏuisnotｇoingtｏbeｈerebytｈeｅnｄoftheyeａr."BuｔsucｈaDarｗinianspiritisbeginniｎgtoｇiveｗaｙasatleastaｆｅwｃoｌlegesfaceｕptotheｇｒａduatｉongap.AttheUｎｉversｉtｙofＷisconsin-Ｍadｉson，thｅgaphasｂeｅnroughｌｙｈalveｄoverthelasｔthrｅeyeａrs.Ｔhｅuniｖｅrsｉtyhａsｐouｒedｒeｓouｒcesintｏｐeercounsｅlinｇtoheｌpsｔｕdentsｆrominｎer-ciｔｙschoolsａdjuｓttｏthｅ

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（嚴(yán)格規(guī)定)andfasterpａceofａｕnｉversitｙｃlassroｏm–andａｌsoｔoｈelpminｏritysｔudentsoveｒcoｍｅｔhesteｒｅoｔypｅｔhaｔtheyａrelessqualｉfｉeｄ.Ｗｉscｏnｓinhasa"laserｌｉkeｆoｃuｓ"oｎｂuｉldｉｎguｐstuｄenｔskillsinthｅfirsｔｔhｒeemｏnｔhｓ,accoｒｄingtoviceproｖost

(教務(wù)長）DａｍonWilliams．Stateandfｅdeｒalgｏvernmｅｎtscｏuldsharpenｔhatfocｕｓｅvｅrｙwｈｅreｂybroadlｙｐubｌishingｍinｏritｙｇｒaduａt(yī)ｉonrates.Ｆｏryｅarspｒivａt(yī)ecolｌegeｓsuchasPrｉncetoｎandMIThavehaｄsuccessｂｒinｇiｎgminoｒitiesontｏcaｍｐｕsinｔhesummｅrbefoｒefrｅshmanｙｅａrtogivethemsomｅprｅpareTｏrｙcoursｅs.Thｅneｗertrｅndisｔoｓtａrtreｃruｉtinｇpｏoｒanｄnon－whｉtesｔuｄentsａｓｅarｌyaｓtheseventhgraｄe,uｓinginｎovａt(yī)ivｅｔoolstｏidenｔｉfｙkidｓｗiｔhsophiｓticatedveｒbalsｋｉlls.Ｓｕcｈpｒogramscａnbeexpensive,oｆcouｒse,butcheaｐcompareｄwｉｔｈｔhｅmｉｌlionsａlreａdyinｖｅstedｉnscholaｒshｉｐsaｎdｇraｎtsforkｉdｓwhｏhavelｉttlechaｎcetograｄuａt(yī)ewithoutsｐecｉalsupport.Wｉthefｆoｒｔanｄmoney，ｔhｅｇraduatｉｏngapcaｎbecloseｄ.WａshinｇtonaｎdLｅeｉsasmall,seｌectiｖｅｓchoolinＬexinｇｔon,Ｖａ．Ｉｔsstｕdeｎtbodｙiｓｌessthan5%bｌacｋandleｓsthａn2％Latiｎo．Wｈiｌethescｈooｌusuａｌｌyｇradｕａｔedａbｏut90％oｆitｓｗｈｉteｓ,thｅgraduationrateoｆitsｂlacｋsandＬatinoshaｄdiｐpedtｏ63%by2023．"Ｗeｗenttｈroughaｄramaticｓhｉft,＂sａysDａwnWaｔkｉns,ｔhevicｅprｅsidenｔforstuｄentaffairs．Tｈesｃｈooｌaggresｓivelypusｈed

mｅｎtoｒing

（輔導(dǎo))ｏfmiｎoritieｓbyothersｔudentsaｎd＂pａrｔｎering"ｗｉthpａrenｔｓａt(yī)ａｓｐeｃialpｒe-enrollmeｎｔsessｉon.Ｔｈeｓcｈooｌｈadｉtsfirst－evｅｒbｌackhomecoｍinｇ.Lastｓpringｔheｓｃhoolgｒaduａt(yī)eｄthesaｍepｒoporｔioｎoｆmｉnorｉtieｓａｓｉtdｉｄwhitｅs．Ifｔhe注意:此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。１.

Ｗhatisｔheauｔhｏr'sｍainｃonｃernabｏutAmｅｒiｃanhｉgｈeｒeducaｔion？A)

Ｔｈesｍａlｌpropｏrtioｎofminoｒiｔystuｄentｓ.Ｂ)

Ｔheloｗgｒaduatｉｏｎｒａt(yī)ｅsofmiｎorｉｔyｓtudents.Ｃ)

Ｔhegｒｏｗiｎgcoｎflictsamｏngethnicgroｕpｓ.D)

Thepoｏｒａｃademiｃperfｏｒmanceｏfｓｔudentｓ．2.

WｈatwasthｅpriｄeｏfPresｉdｅnｔBarｒyMｉllsｏfBowdｏinA)Theprestigeofｉｔsliｂerａｌartsprogrａmｓ.Ｂ)

ＩtsｒanｋingamonguｎivｅrsｉtｉesｉnMaine.C)

Ｔｈeｈｉghgｒaduationrateｓofｉｔsstuｄｅnｔs.D)Itsinｃreaｓedeｎｒollmenｔofｍｉｎorｉtystｕdents.3.

WhaｔiｓｔheriｓkfacｉngAmeｒiｃa？A）Ｉtsschoolswｉlｌｂｅｏveｒｗｈelmeｄbｙthegrｏｗｉnｇnuｍｂeroｆｉｌlegaｌｉmｍigrants.B)

Theriｓinｇgｅｎｅrａt(yī)ｉoｎwillbelesswｅlleｄｕcatedthantheｐreviousｏne．C)

Ｍorepｏｏrａndnｏn-whitｅsｔｕｄeｎｔsｗillｂeｄeniedaccｅsstocｏlｌege．D)Ｉtiｓgoiｎgtｏlｏsｅｉtscompetitiveedgｅinhｉｇheｒeｄｕｃatiｏn.4．

HowｍanｙAfriｃａn－ＡｍericanstｕｄentseａｒnedtｈeirdegreesｉｎCaliforniacommunitycoｌlegeｓaｃcordiｎｇtｏａrｅcｅntrevieｗ?A)

Fifｔy-sixｐerｃent.

B)

Thirty-ｎinepｅrceｎt.

C）ＦifteeｎpeｒcｅｎtＤ)Sixｔｙ－sｅｖenpercent.５．

Haｒｖaｒd，Yaｌe,ａnｄPrinｃｅtonsｈowalｍosｔｎｏgapｂeｔweｅnblａｃkanｄwhiteｇraｄuaｔionrａt(yī)esｍainlybecauｓe

.A）Thｅirstｕdenｔsworkhａrder

B）

Thｅｙreｃｒuｉttheｂestｓtudenｔs

C)ThｅirclasｓesaregｅneｒａｌlｙsmａlleｒD）Theygiveｓtudeｎtｓmoｒeａt(yī)tentｉon６．

ＨoｗdｏesAmyWilｋiｎｓoｆｔheEdｕｃatｉoｎTｒuｓtviｅwｍinoｒitystuｄentｓ'failuretoｇｅtadｅgreｅ？Ａ)Uｎiveｒsitiesaretoblamｅ．Ｂ)

Ｓtuｄentsdoｎ'tworkhａrd.Ｃ)

Tｈegovernmentfaiｌstｏprｏvidethｅｎecesｓarysupporｔ.D)Affｉrmatiｖeａｃtionshｏuldｂeheldrｅsｐoｎsiｂlｅ．7.

Ｗhydosomｅstudentsdrｏpｏｕtafterａyeaｒｏrtwoａccordｉｎgtotheauｔhｏr?Ａ）Theyｈａvｅlｏstｃoｎｆｉdenceiｎthemｓeｌves．B）

Tｈｅycaｎnｏtaffoｒdthehｉghtuｉtion.C)

Ｔｈeycaｎnotadapttotｈerｉgｏrｏｆthesｃｈｏol.D)Tｈeyfaｉltｏdevｅｌoｐｉｎterｅsｔinthｅiｒsｔuｄies.8.

Totaｃkletｈeｐrｏblemofｇｒaduaｔｉoｎｇａｐ,theUniversityofWisconｓin-Maｄisonhelpsminoritysｔuｄentsgeｔoverthestereｏtypｅthat＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)__.9．

Foryｅars,prｉvaｔecolｌeｇessｕchasＰｒincetonanｄMＩTｈaveproｖｉdedmiｎoｒｉtyｓｔｕｄｅnｔｓｗitｈ__＿_(dá)___dｕringｔheｓummeｒbｅfｏｒｅfreshmａnｙeaｒ．10.

ＷashiｎgｔoｎandLeeＰａrtIV

ＲeadingCoｍprｅhenｓioｎ(ReａdiｎgiｎDepth）

(2５ｍｉnutes）SectiｏnADireｃtiｏns:

Inthisｓeｃtion,thereisaｓhｏｒtｐassagewith5qｕestｉonsorｉnｃoｍpｌetｅｓtａｔemeｎtｓ.Ｒｅａdtheｐasｓagecarefulｌｙ．Ｔhｅnａnswerｔheｑueｓtionsｏrcｏｍpｌｅtetheｓtatｅｍenｔｓiｎtｈｅｆｅwesｔpoｓsｉbleｗords.Ｐl(wèi)eａsｅwriteyｏuｒａnswｅrsoｎ

ＡnswｅrSheｅt２.Ｑuestionｓ47to５１aｒeｂasedonthefollowingpaｓsage.Howgoodaｒeyｏuaｔｓａｙing"nｏ"?Fｏrmａny,it＇ssuｒpｒisｉｎｇlydiffｉcｕｌｔ.Tｈisiｓespeciallytrueｏｆediｔｏrs，wｈｏｂynatuｒetendtobeｅａgerandｅngaｇedｐａrtiｃipａntsineｖｅrythingｔheydo.Coｎｓiｄｅｒthesescｅnarios：It'ｓlateintheday.Thatfｒｏｎｔ－ｐａgepackageｙou'vebeenworkｉngoｎisｎearlｙcomplete;oｎelasｔedｉtanｄit'ｓfinished.Eｎtertheexecutiｖeeditor,whomaｋesａsuggesｔionreqｕiｒiｎgaｍore-thａn－modｅｓtｒearｒaｎgementoftｈｅdｅsigｎandtheaddｉtｉｏnｏfaninfｏｒmaｔionbox.Youwantｔoｓcreａm:"Ｎｏ?。蓆'sｄonｅ！"Wｈatdoyoｕdo?Tｈefiｒsｔrulｅofsayiｎgnｏtotheｂossiｓdｏｉｎgsａyｎo.Ｓheproｂablｙhａｓsｏmeｔhiｎginｍindｗhenｓhemａkessuggｅstions，ａnｄit'ｓuｐｔoyoｕtｏfiｎdｏutwhaｔ.Tｈeｓeｃondｒuleisｄoｉngraｉsethestaｋesｂychａllengｉngherauｔhorｉty．Thaｔissｕｅｉｓａlreadydecideｄ.Thethirdrulｅｉstobｅreadｙtociteopｔionｓandcoｎseｑｕenceｓ．Ｔｈｅｂoss'ssuｇgestionｓmｉｇhｔbｅappropｒｉaｔe,ｂｕtthereａｒealwaysconｓeｑueｎｃes.Shemigｈtnｏtknｏwaboｕtthepagｅsbacｋｉngupthａt(yī)ｎeedatｔenｔion，orａboutｔhｅｄｅsignerwｈohadtogohomｅsｉck.Ｔｅlｌhershecａｎhａvｅwhatｓｈewａｎts，buｔｅxpｌaiｎtheconｓequencｅs．Uｎdｅrsｔaｎdｗhａｔsｈe'sｔryiｎgtoａccomplishandproposeａPlａnBthatwillmakｅiｔhaｐpenwｉthｏｕtdeｓtroｙｉngｗhatyou'veｄonｅsofaｒ.Ｈｅrｅ'sanothercasｅ.Yoｕrleast－fａｖｏriteｒeportersｕggｅstsａdumｂｓtoｒyｉdea.Tｈｉsonｅshouｌdbeｅasｙ,ｂuｔｉt＇snoｔ.Ｉfｙousaｙnｏ,ｅveｎpoｌiｔely，ｙouriskiｎhiｂitｉngfｕｒtheｒiｄeaｓ,ｎotjustfromtｈａｔrｅｐorｔｅr，bｕtfｒｏmotherｓwｈoheardthatｙｏuturneddownｔｈeiｄea.Thｉssｃenarｉoiscｏmmoniｎnｅwsroomsｔhatlackasyｓteｍａｔicwａytofｉlteｒstorysuggesｔioｎs.Twosｔepsａreneceｓsary.Firsｔ,ｙouneedasｙstemforhｏwstoｒiｅsarepｒoposeｄandrｅｖｉｅwed.Repoｒｔｅrsｃantｏlｅrateｒejeｃｔionoｆｔheiｒiｄｅasｉftheｙbｅｌｉeｖetheyweregｉvenａfａirhｅarｉｎg.Your

gutreａction

(本能反映)aｎｄｄｉsmｉsｓｉverejeｃtion,evenoｆａwortｈlessiｄea,migｈtｎoｔqualifyasｓyｓtemａt(yī)ｉcoｒｆａｉｒ．Secoｎd,tｈｅpeｏpleｙouwoｒkwiｔhnｅeｄtonｅgotiaｔｅa"Whatif．..?＂ａｇreｅmentcｏｖeｒing"Whatifｍyｉdeaisｔurnedｄown?"Howａrｅpeｏpｌeｅxpｅcｔedｔoreａct？Isthｅｒeａnappｅａlproｃeｓs？Caｎtｈeyrefinｅtｈeｉdeaａndrｅsubmitｉt?Byanｔiｃipaｔｉng"Wｈａt(yī)if.．.?"situａt(yī)iｏnsｂeｆoretheyhappｅn,yoｕcaｎreachundeｒstaｎdingthatwｉｌｌhelｐeａseyoｕｏｕｔofcｏnfrontatｉons.47．

Inｓteadofdirｅctlyｓａyingnｏtｏｙouｒboss,ｙｏushouｌｄfiｎdout___＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)．48.

Tｈeauthｏr'ssｅcoｎdｗaｒｎinｇisthａt(yī)ｗeshｏuldavｏidrunｎingagreaterｒiskby___＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_.49．

ｏnewayofｒespondｉngｔoyouｒｂosｓ'ｓsｕggｅｓtiｏnistoeｘplａiｎthe__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__ｔoheranｄoｆfeｒａnalternatｉｖesolutｉoｎ.50.

Ｔoeｎｓurefairｎｅsstoreｐortｅrｓ,itisimpｏｒｔantｔoseｔupａｓystemｆorstｏｒiesto_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)____.51．

Peoplewholｅaｒnｔoantiｃipate＂Whatif...?"ｓitｕatｉonswilｌbeabletoreacｈｕnderｓtandｉｎgaｎｄavoｉd__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)____.ＳectｉｏnBＤirectｉoｎs:

Tｈereaｒe2ｐassagｅsinthiｓｓｅctiｏn.Eａchpａssａgｅisfｏllｏwｅdbｙsomequeｓtioｎsoruｎfinisｈedｓtatemeｎts.ForｅacｈoｆthemthereareｆourｃhoiｃｅsmarkedA),Ｂ）,C)andD）．ＹoｕｓｈoulddｅcidｅonｔhｅｂestchoiceaｎｄmarkthecoｒrespoｎdingleｔｔeｒoｎＡnsｗerShｅeｔ2

wiｔhasingleｌiｎethrｏugｈｔheceｎtrｅ．PassageＯnｅQuｅstions52tｏ56ａrebaｓedoｎｔhｅｆｏllowingpassage．Atthehｅartoftｈedebateovｅｒiｌｌegalimｍｉｇrａt(yī)ioｎlieｓoｎeｋeyquestｉon:aｒｅｉｍmigrantsgoodoｒbadforthｅｅcｏｎomy?TｈeAmerｉcanpuｂlicoverwhelmｉｎglythiｎkｓthey'rebad.Yeｔｔhｅconsｅnｓｕsａmｏｎｇmostｅｃｏnomｉstsisｔhatｉmmｉgｒatiｏn,botｈlｅgalandｉlｌegａl，provｉdｅsasmalｌneｔbｏoｓｔtｏtｈeｅｃoｎｏmy．Iｍｍigrａntsprovideｃheａｐlabｏｒ,lｏｗｅrtｈepricesｏfeｖerythingfroｍfarmprｏducｅtonｅwhomes,ａndleavecｏnsumｅrｓwithalittlemoreｍoneｙiｎｔheirpocｋｅts.Sowhyisthereｓｕcｈaｄiscｒepaｎcybｅｔweenthepｅrｃeptionofｉmmiｇｒants'ｉmpacｔｏntｈｅeconomyaｎｄthｅreａlity?Thereareanumberoffamiliａrtheories.Ｓｏｍｅargueｔhatpｅopｌeareanxiousanｄfｅelｔhreａt(yī)enedｂyaninｆlowoｆnewｗoｒkers.Ｏtheｒsｈighlighｔthestraintｈaｔuｎdｏcumentｅdiｍmiｇrａntspｌaceｏnpｕblicserｖiceｓ,likｅscｈoｏｌs,hｏspitals，aｎdｊailｓ．Ｓｔｉｌlothｅｒｓemｐhaｓizｅtheroleofrace，arguｉnｇthatforｅignerｓaddtotｈenaｔiｏn＇sfearsandinsｅcuriｔies.Ｔheｒe'sｓometrutｈtoalltｈesｅexｐｌanａt(yī)ions,buttｈeyaｒｅn＇tｑｕitｅsufficient．Ｔogetaｂｅtterunｄerｓtａndｉngofwｈat'sｇoiｎgon;consiｄeｒthewａyimmｉgｒaｔion＇simpactｉsfelｔ.Tｈoughitｓoveralｌeffeｃtmaybepositive,ｉtｓｃostｓandbenefitsaredｉｓｔributｅduｎevｅnlｙ．ＤaｖidCａrd,aneconomistatＵCＢeｒｋeleｙ，notesthattheoｎeswhopｒoｆｉtmosｔdireｃtlｙfromimmｉgraｎts'lｏｗ-cｏsｔlabｏrａrebｕsinessesａndｅmpｌoyｅrｓ–meatpａckiｎgplantｓｉnＮebraskａ,ｆorinｓｔance，orａgriｃulturａlbｕsｉnessesiｎＣaliforｎｉa.Grantｅd，ｔheseprｏducｅrs'ｓavｉnｇｓproｂablytraｎslａt(yī)eｉｎｔoloｗｅrｐriｃeｓatｔhｅgｒｏｃｅrystorｅ,ｂuｔhoｗmanycｏnｓumｅrｓmaketｈａｔmentａｌcoｎnectioｎａｔｔhecｈecｋouｔcoｕｎtｅr？Aｓｆorthedrawbaｃｋsofｉllegａlimmigｒation,these，tｏo，ａreconｃentrａt(yī)ed．Nativeｌoｗ-skilledworkerssuffｅｒｍostfromtｈeｃoｍpetitionofｆorｅignｌaboｒ．AcｃordｉngｔoastｕdybyＧeｏrgeBoraｓ,aHarvaｒdeｃonomist，imｍigｒatｉonreducｅｄthewageｓofAmeriｃanｈigh-scｈoｏldroｐouｔsby9％ｂetweｅn１980－２０23．Amonghｉgh-ｓkiｌlｅｄ,better-edｕcaｔeｄｅmｐlｏyees，however，oｐpositiｏnwａｓstrongeｓtｉnsｔatｅｓwiｔhｂothhighnuｍｂersｏｆimｍigrantsａndrelatiｖelyｇeneroｕｓsoｃialserｖices．Whaｔｗorｒｉeｄthemmosｔ,ｉｎｏtherwｏrdｓ,wａsthe

fisｃal

（財政的）bｕｒdeｎoｆｉmmigration.Ｔｈatconcｌusionwasreｉnforceｄｂyaｎotherfｉｎding:ｔhattheiｒopposiｔｉonapｐeaｒedｔosoftenwhenthatfiscａｌｂｕｒdenｄecrｅasｅｄ,aｓｏｃｃurredｗｉｔhwｅlfarereｆorｍinthe1990s,whichｃurｂｅdimｍｉgrants＇ａcｃesstoｃertainbenｅfits.Ｔhｅironyｉsthａｔfｏｒaｌltheovｅrexｃｉteddebate,thｅnetefｆｅcｔofimｍigratiｏｎisｍiniｍaｌ.Evenｆｏrｔhoｓemｏｓtacuｔelyafｆectｅｄ–sａy，loｗ-skｉｌlｅｄworkers,orCaliforniaｒｅｓiｄｅnts–tｈeimpａctisn'tａllthａt(yī)drａmatic."Theｕｎplｅａsantvoｉcesｈaｖeｔenｄedtｏdoｍinａｔeourｐeｒｃeptions，＂sａysDａnieｌMｉchener,apoliticaｌsｃｉencｅpｒoｆesｓｏraｔtheＵnｉｖｅrsityｏf注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。５2.Ｗhatcanwelｅarnfｒomthefirstparagraph?Ａ)

Wheｔhｅrimmｉｇrantsaregｏoｄｏrbadfortheeconomyhasｂｅｅnpuｚzｌingｅconomistｓ.B)

ThｅAmerｉcaneconomyuｓedｔothrｉveｏniｍmｉｇrationbｕtｎowit'saｄifｆeｒentｓtorｙ.Ｃ）

Thｅcｏnsenｓusamonｇeconomisｔsisthatimmiｇratiｏnshｏulｄnoｔbeeｎcouｒａged．Ｄ)

Tｈegeneｒalpubｌiｃｔｈｉｎksｄｉffereｎtlyfｒomｍostecoｎｏmiｓtsoｎｔheimpaｃｔoｆiｍmigration．5３.Inwhａt(yī)waydｏｅstheａuthｏｒthinkｏrdinａryAｍericansbeneｆitｆromiｍmigration?A)

Thｅｙcaｎaｃｃｅssalｌkindsofｐublicsｅrvices.B）

Theycaｎgetcｏnsuｍergoodsａｔlowerｐrices.C)

Tｈｅｙcａnmixｗiｔｈpeopleofdifｆerentculｔureｓ.Ｄ）

Theycａnavoiddoｉnｇmuｃｈoftheｍanｕallabor.54.Wｈydoｎativelｏw－ｓｋｉlledwｏrｋerssｕfｆｅrmoｓtfromｉlｌeｇalimｍｉｇration？A)

Theｙhａvegreaterdｉｆficｕｌtygettｉngwelfaresｕｐｐort.B)

Theyarｅmoreｌikeｌyｔoｅｎcouｎｔerｉntｅrｒａcｉａlcｏnｆｌicts.Ｃ)

Theyｈaveaｈardｅrｔimｅgｅttiｎgａｊobwithdecentpay.D)

Tｈeyarｅnoｍatchforilleｇaliｍmigｒantsｉnlａboｒskills.5５.Wｈaｔisｔhｅchiefconcerｎofｎatｉvehiｇｈ-ｓｋilled，ｂeｔter-edｕcatｅdemplｏyeeｓabouttheiｎｆlowofｉｍｍiｇｒaｎｔs?Ａ）

Itｍayｃｈangethｅｅｘiｓtiｎgｓｏｃialstｒucture.B）

Itmayｐosｅathreａt(yī)totheiｒeconomicstａｔｕs.C)

Itmayleaｄtosocialinstabilityinthecｏuntrｙ.D)

Ｉtmａyｐｌaｃｅaｇreａt(yī)sｔｒaｉｎontheｓtatebuｄgeｔ．56.Whaｔisthｅｉrｏnyａｂoutthedebａt(yī)ｅoveriｍmiｇration?A)Evenｅｃonomｉstscａｎ'tｒeacｈａconｓｅｎsusaｂoutitsｉmｐaｃt.B)

Thｏsｅwｈｏaｒｅoppoｓedｔoiｔｔurｎouttobeneｆｉｔｍostｆrｏmit.C）

Peｏplｅａreｍakingtｏobiｇafussaｂouｔsoｍeｔｈiｎgofｓｍallｉmｐact.D）Thｅrｅisnoｅｓsentialｄifferencｅbetweenseｅmｉnglｙoppoｓiｔeopiniｏns．ＰaｓsageTwoQuesｔioｎｓ5７ｔo61ａrebaｓedonthefoｌloｗingpaｓsaｇe．ＰiｃtuｒeaｔypicalMＢAｌｅctuｒeｔｈeatretwentｙyｅarｓagｏ.Iniｔthemａjｏrityoｆstudentswｉlｌhavｅcｏnformｅｄtotｈestanｄaｒｄmｏｄｅloftｈetime：maｌｅ,mｉddleclａｓｓａndWｅstern．Ｗalkiｎｔoａclａsstoday，howｅver,ａｎｄyou'lｌgeｔacｏmpletelyｄiffｅrentimpreｓsｉon.Foｒastａrt,youwilｌnｏwsｅeｐleｎtymorewomen–tｈeUnｉverｓityofＰennsylvaniａ＇sWhartonItmiｇｈtｂetｅmｐtｉｎｇ，therｅfore,tｏthinｋthatthｅoldｂarriershａvebeenbｒoｋendownaｎｄequaloｐporｔｕnｉtｙachｉｅvｅd．Ｂut，incｒeａｓinｇly,ｔhisａppaｒenｔｄiｖerｓityｉsｂecominｇamａsｋfｏranewtyｐeofconformｉｔｙ.Behiｎｄthedｉｆfｅrenｃeｓinｓeｘ,ｓｋintonesａndｍothertｏngｕｅs,therｅaｒecommｏｎatｔｉtｕdes,expectaｔiｏnsandａmbｉtｉonswhiｃhriskcｒｅatingａseｔｏfcloneｓamｏngthebuｓinessｌｅadersoｆthefuture．Diverｓity,itseeｍｓ,haｓnotｈeｌpeｄｔoａddressfundａmｅntalweakｎesｓｅsinbｕsiｎｅｓsleadeｒsｈiｐ．Sowhａt(yī)canbedｏnｅtocreateｍoreｅfｆｅｃtｉveｍａnaｇersｏfthｅｃｏｍmerciaｌworld?AccordingｔｏValeｒiｅGauthier,asｓociatｅdｅaｎatHECＰａris,theｋeyｌｉesｉnthｅprocessbｙｗhichMBAｐｒoｇｒａmmeｒｓrecruiｔtheｉrstuｄｅnｔs.Aｔthｅｍoｍenｔcaｎdidateｓａreｓelecteｄｏnafairlｙnarrowｓｅｔofcriｔerｉasuchasprioracadｅｍicaｎdcａreerpeｒｆormａnｃｅ，andaｎaｌｙtｉｃａlandｐｒoｂｌemsoｌvingabiliｔies.Tｈｉsiｓｔheｎcoupｌedtoascｈｏol＇spｉcｔureofwhａt(yī)ａdivｅｒsｅｃlassshouldｌooklike,withtheresｕｌtthａt(yī)ｐasspｏrｔ,ｅｔhnｉcｏriginａndseｘcａnaｌlｂecoｍeinfluｅncingfａctｏrｓ.Ｂutschoolｓraｒelｙdiｇdｏwntofiｎdoutwｈａt(yī)realｌymａkｅｓanaｐｐlicantsuｃceeｄ,toｃreateaclassｗhichalsｏconｔaｉnｓdiverｓityoｆatｔitｕｄｅａｎdapprｏａｃh–ａｒｇｕablytheonｌydｉveｒｓitｙthat,inabusinesｓｃonｔext,reallymatters.PrｏfeｓｓorGａｕｔhiｅrbelievｅsschoolｓshouldｎoｔjuｓtbeseｌeｃtinｇcanｄidatesｆｒomtradｉtｉonalsectorｓsuchasｂankiｎｇ,coｎsultaｎcyandinduｓtrｙ.Theｙshouldaｌｓoｂeseeｋiｎｇindiviｄuaｌｓwｈohａvebacｋgroundsｉnaｒeassuchａspｏｌｉtｉcalsciｅnce,tｈecreativearｔs,histｏｒyoｒphｉlosophy,wｈiｃhwiｌlallowｔhｅｍtｏputｂusinｅｓsdecisｉｏｎsintｏawiderｃoｎtext．Indeed,tｈeredoesｓeemtobeaｄemandfoｒtheｍｏrｅroｕndedｌeadeｒssuｃhdｉversｉtymｉghtcreate.AsｔｕｄyｂyＭaｎnａ,aleaderｓhipｄeｖeｌopmentcoｍpaｎy,sｕgｇeststhaｔ，whilｅthebully－bｏyｃｈｉefｅｘecutiveoｆolｄmａynothaｖｅbeｅnｅrａｄiｃaｔedcｏmpｌｅtelｙ,thｅreisａｄefiniteshｉftiｎempｈasiｓｔｏｗardslesstｏughsｔylesoｆｍanagement–aｔleastinAmericaandＥｕｒope．Peｒｈapｓmosｔsignｉficant,accｏｒdingtｏManｎa,isthｅiｎcｒeasinginterestlａrgecompanｉeshaｖｅiｎmorecoｌｌａbｏraｔivｅmanａｇｅmentｍｏdelｓ,suchaｓtｈoseprevalｅntiｎScａｎdinavia,ｗｈichseektｏintegraｔethehａrdandsofｔasｐeｃtsofｌeadeｒshｉpandenｃouragedelｅgaｔedｒesponsibｉlｉｔyａｎdaccountａbilｉｔy．注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。5７.Whaｔcharａcｔｅｒiｚesthebusiｎessschooｌstudentpopulatｉｏｎｏftodaｙ?A)

Greａｔerdiverｓitｙ.

B)

Iｎｔｅｌlectｕal

mａｔurity．

C)Excｅpｔioｎaｌdｉliｇencｅ．

D)Higheraｍｂition.58.Ｗhａｔｉsｔhｅauｔhor＇scoｎcernaboutｃurｒeｎtbusinessｓchoolｅｄucatｉon?A)

Itwiｌlａrousｅｓtｕdenｔs'ｕnreaｌｉsｔｉｃeｘｐectaｔions．B)

Ｉtｗillｐrｏducebuｓinesｓleadersoｆaunifｏrｍstyle．C）

Itfoｃusｅsontheoryrａt(yī)herthanonpｒacｔicalskills.Ｄ)

Itstressescompeｔiｔｉoｎratherthancｏoperａt(yī)ion.59.WhaｔaspectoｆdｉvｅrsｉtｙｄoｅsＶalerｉｅＧauthｉerthinkismostimporｔant？A)

Ageandｅducationalｂaｃｋgｒound.

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Socialandprｏｆessionalｅxpｅrieｎce.

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