2022考研英語一真題參考答案

2022年全國碩士研生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一試英語（一試題SectionIfollowingthebestfornumberedblankmarkA,B,CDonSHEET.points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiologywas1aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchideaisuntrue,accordinganewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit5sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthat-called6ofplantsintelligenceisinconclusive,authorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8“aplantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They10claimedthatplantshave‘brain-commandcentersattheirroottips.”This11makessenseifyousimplifyworkingsofacomplexbrain,12ittoanarrayelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnessevolve,brainwithathreshold15ofcomplexitycapacityisrequired,”16.“Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the17thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collected

D.issued2.A.attributed3.A.unless

B.directedB.when

C.comparedD.confinedC.onceD.though4.A.copedwith5.A.suffers6.A.acceptance7.A.doubted

B.consistedofB.benefitsB.evidenceB.denied

C.hintedC.developsC.cultivationC.argued

D.extendedD.differsD.creationD.requested8.A.adaptingB.forming

C.repairing

D.testing9.A.analogous10.A.just11.A.restriction12.A.attaching

B.essentialB.everB.experimentB.reducing

C.suitableC.stillC.perspectiveC.returning

D.sensitiveD.evenD.demandD.exposing13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise14.A.temporarilyB.literally15.A.listB.level

C.superficiallyD.imaginarilyC.labelD.local16.A.recalled17.A.chances18.A.danger19.A.represents

B.agreedB.risksB.failureB.includes

C.questionedC.excusesC.warningC.reveals

D.addedD.assumptionsD.controlD.recognizes20.A.humble

B.poorC.practical

D.easySectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingB,CorD.MarkyouranswerstheANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,

andothertrashlitterplanet,fromMountEveresttheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weepoutadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesinstitutions,suchasmuseums,topreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“It’slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,shesays.“Theobjectyoumakealreadytimebomb.”Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsrosesandotheritemsaswellasadozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerswalkaroundthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadbedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfigureswerespittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandcolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevenondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.

Andmoreisstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheSchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,Age,andon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.nowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidecollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactoninthefuturewe’llbeseen.”21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin_____.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems.[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts.[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits.[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections.22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare_____.[A]immunetodecay[B]improperly[C]inherently[D]complexinstructure23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi’sartworksto_____.[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis_____.[A]costly[B]unworthy[C]unpopular[D]challenging

25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationplasticartifacts_____.[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages[D]hasanimpactontoday'sculturallifeText2Asthelatestcropofstudentstheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,maybeworthconsideringhowthepoint,purposeandvalueadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsidertheystartthirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetuplife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.degreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisistosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatdegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekinglearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingadvantagesscrappingadegreerequirementcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomdegreeisthedesiredconsiderthatthiswellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,paystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensehavetwo.

ItisunlikelyGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,tothepressurestechnology,thewishpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGeneration’scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:“Iamgeographer“Iamaclassist.”Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it’sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesameway.26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould_____.[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage[C]reassessnecessityofcollegeeducation[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesin-graduaterolesreflect_____.[A]Millennial’sopinionsaboutwork[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree[C]publicdiscontenteducation[D]thedesiredofsocialmobility28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat_____.[A]Generationareseekingearnadecent[B]Schoolleaversarewillingbeskilledworkers[C]Employersaretakingrealisticattitudetodegrees[D]Parentsarechangingmindsabouteducation29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould_____.

[A]makeanearlydecisiontheircareer[B]attendthejobtrainingprograms[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield30.WhatcanbeconcludedGenerationfromthelastparagraphs?[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.[C]Depresswillnolongerthem.[D]Theywillhavelimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.Theseweresomeofthewordsthatreadersusedtodescribeexperienceofinaofarticlespartnershipsofroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanpollcollaboratedwithalltheywouldconsiderdoinginfuture.SuchanencouragingresultsisnotScientistsoutartiststothemcommunicatetheirworkto“ArtistshelpreachbroaderaudienceemotionalthatlearningOnerespondentsaid.examplerockedcamelastmonththeSydneySymphonyaofViva’sFourSeasons.TheyreimaginedthescorebyinjectingtheclimateforeachUniversitysClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacalltoaheadofNovember’sUnitedNationsClimateChangeinapartnershipmustbetwo-wayFewerrespondedtopol1,however,severalthatdo

simplyassistscientistsrequirements.NorshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyofThevaluableandartistsasharedinatojointlydesignitcancritiqueother’swork.SuchancanbothpromptresearchaswelinpowerfulthanhalfacenturytheMassachusettsofitsforVisualStudies(CAVS)totheroleoftechnologyinThefoundersdeliberatelytheiraroundlight-hance“visualstudies”thename.Lightasomethingartistshadaninterestin,couldformtheofcollaboration.Astechnologyintowassimultaneouslylookingtoawhenalsobeartists,writersviceNature’slfindingsstrongasbut,towork,bothneedtotime,oftie-upstogonecessaryofArtistsalikeareincritiqueareboth,too.31.Accordingto1,art-sciencecollaborations[A]caughtattentionofcritics[B]receivedresponses[C]promotedacademic[D]sparkedheatedpublic32.TheofTheFourismentionedthat[A]canofferaccessto[B]canwiththeof[C]publicparticipationinsciencepromisingfuture[D]artinfacilitatingscientific

33.toworryinthepartnership[A]may[B]reputationbe[C]theirbeinhibited[D]theirworkmaymisguided34.WhatdoestheauthorsayCAVS?[A]Itheadedartistsand[B]Itvaluablealliances[C]Itsatadvancingvisual[D]raisethestatusartists35.Intheauthorholdsart-sciencecollaborations.[A]arelikelytogobeyond[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition[C]domorecommunicatingscience[D]aremorethanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000anfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodInstead,mustshowcauseandinafairway.Personalweredesignedguardjobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissalsThepwasthatthecommonoflackedsufficientforagainstbyLonggonethedayswhencouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.

provisionsdifficultiesforbusinesseshighlypaidAsownerswillconstrainingfromfiringpoorlyhigh-earningishandbrakeboostingproductivityandThebetweenA-gradeverywellbebetweenBetweenpreservingtheofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.YetmediocritynolongerenoughtojustifyaConsequently–and–lawsintroducedprotecttheofmayplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifplacingtoprotectionlawsbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,actaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox(2014),theProductivitysingledoutlowqualitycapabilitiescauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthNorarehighlypaidfromtheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeittofireanemployee,arecautiousabouthiringstaff.ThisitformarginaltogainAndfirmspaylessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenthegoingalsosuffersfromprotections.regulationsaffectbothAcrossTasmanSea,Australiawiththeunjustifiedparadoxbyexcludingabovespecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.NewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtofirmstooftheunjustifiedregime.However,theproposedwereunwieldyBillwasfollowinglater

personalgrievanceprovisionsofERAto[A]dubiouscorporate[B]traditionalhiring[C]exemptfrom[D]therightsofworkerscanbefromparagraph3that[A]businessdevelopment[B]underminemanagersauthority[C]affectthepublicimageoffirms[D]offollowingwouldbetheProductivityrestraints.[B]Enforcingemploymentlaws.[C]powersof[D]Dismissingpoorlymanagers.39.WhatmightaneffectofERAunjustifieddismissalprocedures?[A]Highlypaidlosetheir[B]fromcuts.[C]Societyseesarisein[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.40.caninferredthatthe“high-incomethresholdinAustralia[A]hassecuredmanagersearnings[B]produced[C]tobusiness[D]difficulttoputintopractice

B(41)TeriIwasawildlifeemployeeforBothwildlifeclaimedtobeoperatingforbenefitofforpurposes.wasNeitherofthemactuallyparticipatedincontributionswhosebottommuchmoreimportantthanoftheAnimalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance”theyallowforanaturaldietoradequateforwiththeseinstitutions,andit’spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromour(42)R.azoologyIwithEmmaMarriszoodisplaysbecruel.Butsheunderestimateseducationalofzoos.Theprogramatattractsstudentsforwhomwerethecrucialformativethatledmajorinbiologicalsciences.opportunitychildrentraveltoareas,wildliferefugesornationalAlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildreninterestintheexcitementofzoovisitanimmersiveinteractiveexperience.besomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoostreatmentanimalswiththeir(43)NewberryEmmaMarris’sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktolivesofanimalsprotectourSheusesresearchdecades-oldoftochildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.ZoosatforefronttotheyforanimalseachspeciesinitsnaturalAre

Oftheyexceptiontheimplies.Adistressedanimalawillgetgoodthanmostofusatourhospital.(44)afellowanimal-protectionlongtimevegetarian.IbeinthesameEmmaMarrisofzoos.Ithatwell-runzoosandthethatcaptivityapurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestothesebeautifulwildcreatureshomepeoplebebytraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevendown.Zoosinthatsimilarnaturaltosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingin(45)FraserEmmaMarrisdescribesmisrepresentsfindingsofourresearch.theimpactofexperiencesonnaturethedatapointsfromourZoosforresearchstrongforvalueofinconnectingpeoplewithwithnature.Zoosacriticalvoiceforenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromtoaofanimalsfromdronebeestosalmontowelivein.noefforttotakeofanimalsnotbeunfaircriticism.B.Topressuretospendonanimalswouldleadtoinhumaneforcreaturesintheircare.

C.Whileincaptivitysympathy,significantroleinpathofsciences.D.Zoossavetripstowildlifewildthatbereturnedtonaturalhabitats,offeralternative.shouldhavebeencloseddowntheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimalswellbeing.G.Marrisourfindingsprovethatzoosanlinkbetweenmannature.ReadthefollowingtextcarefullythentheunderlinedintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEETpoints)TheManWhoBrokeNapoleon’sCodes-UrbanBetweentheIberianPeninsulaSpainandPortugal)wassceneoftitanicstruggle.Itplaceonplanes:betweenNapoleon’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweenthekeentoexacerbateemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromtotrytotheminbetweennewforcesofonesofconservatismItwasalso,thisisevenmanypeoplewellreadtheperiod,abetweenthoseandwhothem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleonicafewIwasreadingSirCharlesOmanepicHistorythePeninsularWar.InvolumeheanScovellCiphers.(47)ItdocumentsincodethatfromofSpain,secrets

revealedtheworkofGeorgeanofficerinheadquarters.ratedScovsignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorythat(48)henotanalyzecarefullyofficermayornothavetogreatbetweennationsortellusanythingaboutmanIkeentobutwassurprisedtofindthatOmanappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwar.IconvincedthisbitassignificantasthatofEnigmathebreakingofGermaninSecondWorldThecoulditStudyingScovellpapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,IfoundthatheleftanextensivejournalworkthewasmanyoriginaldispatchesbeeninwhichIwas(49)Therehavebeenspiesandofficersthebutitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindtheyactuallyorworkedon.AsIresearchedScovell’sstoryIfoundfarmoreofpiterestbesidesofhisintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington’sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventoforhiswereallboundupwiththeofatHisofself-improvementworkafascinatinginownright,somethingmorethat.ascodehasitswiderinstruggleforSpain,hismakewayuppromotionladdervolumesBritishsociety.SectionIIIPartA51.Directions:Writee-mailtoaprofessorBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoateamforinternationalcontestbehelduniversity.Youwrite100onSHEET.

Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeessayofword