大學(xué)生英語四級真題-15(2021年-2022年)

年6月大英語四考真題試三(完整)PartI(試Directions:Forthispart,youallowedminutestowritealetterexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersenteringcollege.Youwriteatleast120wordsbutnothan180words.在答題卡1上作答。PartII說月學(xué)語級試國考兩聽.套聽內(nèi)與二相，此套力分再復(fù)出Part

Directions:thissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.arerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren．Moreover,mostadultchildren(26)_______everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiraging第

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parentsaswasthecaseinthegoodold”，mostolderpeopledonotfeel(27)_______．About80％people65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren，about90％themhave(28)_______contactwiththeirchildren．About％ofelderlyparentswhodon’tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesatleastonetheirchildrenHowever,(29)_______havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage．fact．someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits．Thisresearchbe(30)_______，however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore(31)_______andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembersSoitismorelikelythatpoorhealthnotjustfamilyinvolvement，(32)_______spirits．Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatqualityrelationships，ratherthanatthefrequencyof，betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren．parentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreechildrearingpracticesandreligious，theyarelikelytoenjoyeach’s．Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan(34)_______causeproblems．parentsareangeredbytheirdaughtersdivorcedislikehernewhusbandanddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren，(35)_______arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyher．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A.abandonedF．K．grant

B.advancedG．dependent．merely

C.biasedH．distantM．provide

D.chances．N．understandably

E．commitmentJ．fulfillmentO．unrealisticallyDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithletter.AnswerthequestionsmarkingthecorrespondingletterAnswer2CouldFoodShortagesBringCivilization?第

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[A]FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobal，population，environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions．combinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratetothebreakdowngovernmentsandYet，，haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization[B]Icannolongerignorethat．continuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible．[C]Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaretheresultingpriceinflationputsseverestressthegovernmentsofmanycountries．Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown，hungrypeopletaketothestreets．，evenbeforesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008。thenumberoffailingstateswas．thefoodsituationcontinuesto，entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasing．the20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict；itisfailingstates．[D]Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscanlongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare．Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolpowerlaworderbeginto．Aftera，countriescanbecomesodangerousthatreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted．Failingstatesareofinternationalconcerntheyareasourceofrefugees(難民threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere．[E]Thesurgeworldgrainpricesin2007and2008～andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity-hasa，moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast．Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveralInforthe，recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatAsawheatpriceselsewherethandoubled，pullingriceandpricesupwiththem．Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent．Driven-droughtintheSoviet．Crop-shrinkingheatintheUSCornBelt．theriseswereshort-lived：typicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenext．[F]Inrecentinworldgrainpricesisunlikelytoreversewithoutreversalinthetrendsthemselves．Onthedemandsidethosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproductsandthemassivediversion(轉(zhuǎn))ofU．S．graintotheproductionofbio-fuel．第

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[G]Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumersthepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionis．thatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels．Afourthofthisyear’U．S．grainharvestgotofuelcars．[H]Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends-theshortageoffresh．thelossoftopsoilandrisingtemperatures-aremakingitincreasinglytoexpandthe’grainfastenoughtokeepupwith．a(chǎn)llthose．however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatebiggestchallengehereisconsumes％ofthe’sfreshMillionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesnowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefill．Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalfthe’peopleincludingthreebiggrain—China，IndiaandtheS[I]Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellsgonewheat’s，declinedbysincepeakedatmilliontonsin．watershortagesareevenmoreworryingin．Millionsofirrigationwellssignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmostevery．[J]Astheworld’sfoodsecurityfallstopieces。individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesof．trendbeganin2007，whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices．Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamemoveseliminatefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries，theyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonisthenleftforexport[K]Inresponsetothose，grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrain．Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyFood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries．Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures，foodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.[L]Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortagetrend-driven，theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed．Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80％their2006levelsby2020．stabilizetheworld’spopulationeightbillionby2040，completelypoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoilsThereisnothingnewaboutthefour．Indeed，wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese-thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesand第

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associatedshifttosmallerfamilies．[M]Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,theobjectivesseenasdevelopmentlongastheydidnotcosttoo．Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriateathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseourcivilization．Yetmecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamountlessthan$200billiona／ofcurrentglobalmilitary．In，ourplanisnewsecuritybudget．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。36．Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoremorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts．37．Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages38．Ratherthansuperpowerconflict，countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity．39．Somepansoftheworldseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning40．Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseworldcivilization．41watershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingthegrain．42．Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablythantheworld’scurrentmilitaryspending．43．Tolowerdomesticprices，somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports．44．Environmentalproblemsbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage．45．Aquarterofthis’Americangrainharvestwillbeusedproducebio-fuelfor．Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteroncentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Answerasinglelinethrough第

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Decliningmentalfunctionoftenseenasaproblemofoldbutcertainaspectsbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineyoungadulthood，anewstudysuggests．Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60，foundthatcertainmentalfunctions-includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning．mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving-startedtodullasearlyasage27．Dipsinmemory,meanwhile，generallybecameapparentage37．Ontheotherhand．indicatorsofaperson’accumulatedknowledge-likeperformancetestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge-keptimprovingwithaccordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyof．Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories．MostsmindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryearsaccordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse．“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinbutthattheamountofknowledgeonehas，andtheeffectivenessintegratingitwithonesabilities，mayincreasealladulthoodiftherearenodiseases，Salthousesaidinanewsrelease．Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptiontheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenext．Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(細(xì)微的)changesmentalfunction，andinvolvesolvingpuzzles，recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories，andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols．Ingeneral，Salthouseandcolleagues，certainaspectscognition(認(rèn)知能力)generallystartedtodeclinethelate20sto30sThefindingsshedlightonnormalage—relatedchangesinmentalfunction，whichcouldaidinunderstandingprocessofdementia(癡呆，totheresearchers．“Byfollowingindividuals，”Salthousesaid“wegaininsightincognitionchanges，andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipants’healthlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage．relatedcognitivechanges．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡上作答。第

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46．Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A）variesfrompersontoperson．B）weakensinone’lateryears．C）graduallywithage．D）indicatesone’shealthcondition47．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?A）Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheir．B）Theyreachapeaktheageof20formost．C）Theycloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise．D）Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung．48．WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople’smindsinmostcases?A）Theytodeclinepeopleslateryears．B）Theirflexibilitydetermines’sabilities．C）TheyfunctionquitewellevenoldageD）Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzlebesolved．49．Althoughpeople’mindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage，theyA）maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB）memorizethingswithmoreeaseC）mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD）canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse

．50．AccordingtoSalthouse，studymayhelpus

．A）findwaystoslowdownourmentaldeclineB）waystoboostourmemoriesC）understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD）understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth第

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PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthingthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussionNashvilleabouteducationalneedsofchildrenTheshorthand()educatorsuseforthisispre-K”-meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten-andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobetosucceedontheirK-12journey．Butgetscomplicated．Theconcepthasmultipleforms，andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape，scopeandcostoftheidealprogram．ThefederalHeadStartprogramlaunched50yearsagohasservedmorethan30million．wasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity’PeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerearlychildhoodeducationresearch．AnewPeabodyoftheTennesseePre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-K．butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethird．Ittomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmore，andindicateslonger-termsuccessconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissuesrelatedtoeducatingachild．Pre-Kiscontroversial．criticssayisaluxuryand’tbefleetofamiliesabletoPre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthesschooling．leantowardlatterview．ThisinanytherightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice．Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakforstrongpre-K．Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepmindtherealgoalthelonger,biggerpicture．Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干)．governmenthasnotyetfoundthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidesearlyfoundation．Forthispurpose，ourschoolsneedthetalentandtheorganizationeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor．Someshowupready,butmanydonotatcriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。第

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51．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?A）shouldcatertotheneedsindividualchildren．B）isessentialtoaperson’sfutureacademicSuccessC）ScholarsandpolicymakersdifferentopinionsaboutitD）Parentsregarditasthefirstofchildren’sdevelopment．52．WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?A）Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong．B）thirdgrademarksanewphaselearning．C）Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildren’sdevelopment．D）Qualitynotbeentopconcernpre-Kprograms．53．Whendoesauthorthinkpre-Kthebest?A）Whenisaccessiblekidsofallfamilies．B）itismadepartofkids’．C）Whenisnolongerconsideredluxury．D）Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids．54．WhatdolearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?A）Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation．B）amayorofinsightandvision．C）Shehasonceapre-Kprogram．D）Sheisafirmsupporterpre-K．55．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokidseducation?A）Teachingmethod．B）．C）Earlyintervention．D）Parentsinvolvement．P第

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Directions:thispart,youallowedminutestranslateapassageChineseEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運(yùn)河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館在過去一千年里烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建造百年來，當(dāng)?shù)厝搜刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗≌图袛?shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。答案【參考作】DearLiMing,I’mwritingthisletterexpressmydeepthankstoyouforhelpingmeoutwhenIfailedinmyfirstcollegeentranceexamination.ItisnoexaggerationtothatwastheworsttimeofmylifewhenIcompletelylostthefaithinmylifeandbegantoabandonmyself.Thencameencouragemenottogiveup.ItwaswhoconvincedmethatthefailuretocollegeentranceexaminationshouldnotbetheendofmyeffortsandthatIshouldpullmyselftogethertogivemyselfasecondchance;otherwise,Iwouldbecomearealloser.Thankstosuchafrankasyou,Irestoredmyconfidence,andfinallyfulfilledmycollegedream.第

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Thanksagain,fromthebottomofmyheart,mydearfriend.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,MarySectionA26.M)provide27.A)abandoned28.I)frequent29.L)merely30.C)biased31.G)dependent32.F)dampens33.E)commitment34.N)understandably35.O)unrealisticallySectionB36.［F］contrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,......37.［K］responsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingto......38.［C］Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverest