《語言學導論論文（英文）》

《語言學導論》課程論文報告（英文）：中英顏色詞的隱喻意義對比研究摘要：在全球化的今天，中英文化交流不斷加深，交流的場合和機會也越來越多。但同時由于漢英分屬于兩種不同的語系，且東西方思維模式也存在差異，中英兩種語言在許多方面也有所不同。面對當前的情況，對中英文進行對比研究，了解兩種語言的差異所在十分重要。顏色詞是人們在日常生活和交流中常常會涉及到的詞類，所以作為語言學方面的初學者，我們從以顏色詞為起點進行研究十分合理也十分必要?，F(xiàn)有對于顏色詞的研究大多著眼于避免在跨文化交際中引起誤會，但是從中英語言所含隱喻意義不同的角度出發(fā)而做的研究還相對較少。本文從包含在認知語言學理論框架中的隱喻意義出發(fā)，對中英文常見的顏色詞進行了對比研究。研究結論為不同的顏色詞在中英文中的隱含意義確實存在差異，所以我們在交流中要格外注意這些問題，以免引起不必要的誤會。關鍵詞：顏色詞；隱喻意義；對比研究IntroductionResearchbackground AsChineseandEnglishlanguagespenetrateeachother,thedegreeofmutualinfluencecontinuestodeepen.Theresearchscopeoflinguistsisnotlimitedtoasinglelanguage,anddoresearchonasinglesubject.MorescholarsbegantoconductcomparativestudiesonChinaandBritain.Inthisprocess,wefoundthatduetodifferencesinculture,thinking,cognition,etc.,manywordswithequivalentmeaningshavedifferentmeaningsinacertaindiscourse,especiallyintermsofmetaphoricalmeanings.Thecolorwordisatypicalrepresentative.AsexchangesbetweenChinaandforeigncountriescontinuetodeepen,people'scommunicationinvolvesmoreandmorefields.ThisrequiresustopayattentiontothedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishlanguages,suchasdifferencesinexpressionsandinwordpreferences.Ofcourse,themostimportantthingistheirdifferenceinmeaning.Thisarticlefocusesonstudyingcommoncolorwordssuchasblack,white,red,andgreen.Itaimstofacilitatepeoplefromdifferentcountriestocommunicatewitheachother,avoidingunnecessarymisunderstoodincross-culturalcommunication.ItalsoinspirespeopletostudythedifferencesinotheraspectsofChineseandEnglishlanguages.1.2TheorganizationofthethesisThisthesiscanbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstpartreferstothebriefintroductionofathesisincludingtheresearchbackgroundandtheorganizationofthewholepassage.Inthesecondpart,theauthorgiveshertheoreticalsupportandacomparisonbetweencommoncolorwordsinChineseandEnglish,whichnotonlyincludessometypicalexamplesbutalsothoroughanalysis.Inthelastpart,theauthorreachesherconclusionbasedonforegoinganalysis.

TheoreticalFramework2.1MetaphoricalmeaningMetaphorisanobjectivereality,whichattractsattentionoftherhetoricianespeciallythephilosopher.Ithasbeenanimportanttopicinthefieldofcognitivescience.Inthetraditionalresearch,metaphorisregardedasarhetoricanddecorativedevice.However,astheresearchinthisfielddeepens,thelinguistshaverealizedgraduallythatmetaphorisnotonlyalanguagephenomenonforfigureofspeech,butalsooneofpowerfultoolsforhumanbeingstoperceivetheworld.In1980,thepublicationofMetaphorsWeLiveBy,writtenbyGeorgeLakoff&MarkJohnson,markstheappearanceoftheconceptualtheory.Accordingtothistheory,theconceptualsystemofhumanbeingsisstructuredbymetaphor.Metaphorisacross-domainmappingfromthesourcedomainwhichhasaclearconstructionrelativelytothetargetdomainwhichhasablurryconstruction,anditmakeshumanbeingsstructureandunderstandthetargetdomainthroughtheconstructionofthesourcedomain;metaphorisrootedinthephysicalexperiencesofhumanbeingsandispervasiveindailylifeandlanguages.2.1CommoncolourwordsColorisanimportantcognitivecategoryforhumanbeings.Itsbasiccomponentsandtheformationorderofcolorwordsaretheprerequisitesforthestudyofcolorwords.Scholarsfromhomeandabroadhavedonealotofresearchesonthis.Berlin&Kay(1969)describedthe11basiccolorwordsinhumanlanguage(black,white,red,yellow,green,blue,brown,purple,pink,orange,gray)andtheirevolutionprocess,andproposedageneralimplicationrelationshipofcolor.Colorisnotanordinaryconceptofhumanbeings.Theprototypeattributecharacteristicsofmembersintheprototypecategoryareunbalanced,somearetypicalmembersinthecategory,othersareatypicalmembers,andtheirmeaningsareslightlydifferent.Thestatusofmembersinthecategoryisunequal.Sothisarticleonlyfocusesonsometypicalcolorwordsthataretypical.2.2.Acomparisonofmetaphoricalusagesofforegoingcolour2.2.1WhiteV.S.白Example1:ImetandfellinlovewithWilliamShakespeare.Hewasmyfirstwhitelove.Example2:父親下葬那天，他穿著白色的孝服，整片天空沉沉地向他的頭頂壓來。Analysis:Throughtheprevioustwoexamples,wecanclearlyseethedifferentmetaphoricalmeaningbetween“white”and“白”.InEnglish,“white”hascloserelationwithpurelovewhileinChinese“白”isalwaysassociatedwithfuneral.2.2.2BlackV.S.黑Example1:Despitethestruckofthepandemic,thiscompanycankeepintheblack.Example2:今日，國務院開展了“掃黃打黑”系列活動。Analysis:Throughtheprevioustwoexamples,wecanclearlyseethedifferentmetaphoricalmeaningbetween“black”and“黑”.InEnglish,“black”isalwaysusedtopraisesomeoutstandingpersonorexcellentthings.Intheexample1,“intheblack”meansthecompanycanalwayskeepprofiting.However,“黑”inChineseisalwaysassociatedwithevil,distressorjustsomethingbad.2.2.3RedV.S.紅Example1:TwocountrieswereinvolvedinredbattleExample2:每逢節(jié)假日，家家戶戶張燈結彩了，大紅燈籠高高掛起，處處都是一片喜氣洋洋。Analysis:Throughtheprevioustwoexamples,wecanclearlyseethedifferentmetaphoricalmeaningbetween“red”and“紅”.InEnglish,“red”hascloserelationswithblood.Intheexample1,“redbattle”meansbrutalandruthlessbattle,whileinChineseaswecanseeinexample2,“紅”isonbehalfofahilariousenvironment.2.2.4GreenV.S.綠Example1:YoushouldforgiveagreenhandlikehimExample2:Heisagreen-eyedbecausethepromotionofhiscolleagues.Example3:立春過后，后山是一片綠油油的生機，青青小草，在石縫中冒尖；這是綠色的生命，充滿著無窮的生命力和無限的戰(zhàn)斗力。Analysis:Throughthepreviousthreeexamples,wecanclearlyseethedifferentmetaphoricalmeaningbetween“green”and“綠”.InEnglish,“green”haslinkagewithevil(example1)orimmaturity(example2).However,“綠”inChineseisalwaysassociatedwithlife,vigorandhope.2.2.5BlueV.S.藍Example1:Theyfeltratherblueafterthefailureinthefootballmatch.Example2:TheyoncewatchedbluevideotogetherwhentheywereinprimaryschoolExample3:Hewasendowedwithblueblood.Example4:藍色的天空上漂浮著朵朵白云。Analysis:Throughthepreviousforexamples,wecanclearlyseethedifferentmetaphoricalmeaningbetween“blue”and“藍”.InEnglish,“blue”hasalotofassociativemeaningssuchasdisappointmentorsorrowinexample1,pornographicvideoinexample2andhonorfamilyinexample3.However,inChinese,themetaphoricalusagesof“藍”inChineseismuchless.

3.Conclusion Cognitivelinguistics,whilerecognizingthecommonalityofhumancognition,paysfullattentiontotheinfluenceofthecognitivecharacteristicsofdifferentpeoplesonlanguageexpression.ItisbecauseofthisthatthesamecolorwordspresentdifferentmetaphoricalmeaninginChineseandEnglishculturewhichisveryreasonableandcommon.Andthisdifferenceisnotonlylimitedtocolorwords,themetaphoricalmeaningofsomefruitandanimalsalsovariesbetweentheChineseandEnglishlanguages.Inthefuture,asthesetwocultureexchangebecomefrequent,themorepeoplecanappreciatetheinconvenienceofthisdifferenceincommunication.Ifwedonotpayattentiontothis