高二英語現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語

語法一：現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）做狀語時(shí)，通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，且必須與句子的主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示的動(dòng)作是次要?jiǎng)幼鳌，F(xiàn)在分詞可以做時(shí)間，條件，結(jié)果，讓步，方式等狀語。相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語從句。作時(shí)間，原因或條件時(shí)，通常位于主句前面，作方式，伴隨或結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常位于主句后面。如果分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如果分詞動(dòng)作明顯在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式.（havingdone），在作時(shí)間狀語的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介詞after,before,on等。一?做伴隨狀語：分詞等于and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞或分句。1：Thedogcamein.Itfolloweditsmaster.=Thedogcamein,followingitsmaster.2：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.3：Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.原因狀語相當(dāng)于as,since,because等引起的原因狀語從句，常位于句首，句中或句末。Hewasabraveman.HedecidedtoreturntoFrance.=Beingabraveman,hedecidedtoreturntoFrance.2：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.3：Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.4：Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn'taffordtosendtheboytohospital.5．Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when,while,as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常位于句首或句末。1：FirsthereturnedtoFrance.Thenhewasputintoprison.=AfterhereturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.=HavingreturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.2：Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3：Don'tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.4：OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon.5:Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.四?條件狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，常位于句首。1：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.IfIknowanythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.=Knowinganythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.-Icouldgoandgetsomeonetobringthecar.-No,thanks.I'llbebetterifwalking五：結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結(jié)果，前可加only。1：Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.2：Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.3：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.六：讓步狀語：相當(dāng)于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的讓步狀語從句，常位于句首。Althoughhehadboughtalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.=Buyingalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.Thoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.七?方式狀語分詞等于介詞with引起的方式狀語或and并列的兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞.Walkingslowly,Iapproached（靠近）thelittle=Bywalkingslowly,Iapproachedthelittlewindow.window.HestoodleaningagainS靠在..上）thewall.=Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.八：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式指分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句中謂語動(dòng)詞之前，若分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用havingdone,若是動(dòng)賓（被動(dòng)）關(guān)系，則用havingbeendone.1；Havingworkedinthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.2:Havingbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages,thebookbecamefamousallovertheworld.3:Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.4:HavinglivedinNewYorkforyears,Iknoweachpartofitverywell.九：現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成分的特殊使用：generallyspeaking:—般來講，franklyspeaking:坦白地說。exactlyspeaking,嚴(yán)密地講，正確地說。judgingfrom/by...,從....可以判斷出來。considering....考慮到…1:Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.2:Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromArabiancountries.十：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。（2）過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.語法二：動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞做賓語的區(qū)別。一：．通常只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree（同意）；offer（提出）；intend，plan（打算，計(jì)劃）；demand，ask（要求）；promise（答應(yīng)）；help（幫忙）；prepare（準(zhǔn)備）；decide（決定）；refuse（拒絕）；choose（選擇,決定）；wish，hope,want，expect（希望，想要）；fail（不能；忘記）；pretend（假裝）；manage（設(shè)法）；determine（決心）afford（買得起，但付得起），arrange（安排，準(zhǔn)備），aim（以..為目標(biāo)，目的），beg（懇求，祈求），claim（聲稱），happen（碰巧，恰巧發(fā)生了某事），seem,hesitate（猶豫不決）。同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心假。懇求安排買得起。恰巧似乎聲稱目的不猶豫。1:Heagreedtoapologizetome.Sheofferedtohelpme.WeintendtogetintouchwithyouthroughEmail.Hedemandstobeprized.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.Shedemandstolivealone.Hepromisedtokeepintouchwithme.Mysisterhelpedmetofinish/finishmyhomework.Hepreparedhimselftoacceptfailure.Hedecidetotidymyhouse.Thehostessrefusedtoinviteher.Hefailedtopasstheexaminationthroughcarelessness.Hechosenottogohomeuntillater.Sheexpectstofailtheexam.Thecatmanagestopatsomethinginvisible.Theyclaimtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.Wehappenedtobeintheneighbourhood.Hehesitatedtotakesuchabigrisk.Heseems(tobe)quitehappy.二;通常只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞：admit,consider,suggest/advise，承認(rèn)考慮建議avoid,delay/putoff,practise避免推遲練習(xí)allow/permit,finish,appreciate允許完成感激forbid,mind,imagine禁止介意想象escape,quit/giveup,enjoy逃避放棄喜歡deny,risk,miss否認(rèn)冒險(xiǎn)錯(cuò)過can'thelp,lookforwardto,禁不住盼望反對(duì)stickto,leadto,,can'tstand,beaccustomedto/get/beusedto,payattentionto堅(jiān)持導(dǎo)致忍受習(xí)慣Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Sheadmittedhavingdonewrong.IconsiderreadingthisseriesofbookswrittenbyLuxun.Theteachersuggestednotviolatingclassmates'personalmatters.Headvisescominguptohere..Healwaysavoidstalkingtome.Hedelays/putoffgivealargeamountofmonertome.Wearepracticingwritingletters.Wepermit/allowyouwritinghere.Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.Thedoctorforbidshimsmokinganddrinking.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Canyouimaginehimbecomingfamousasanactor?Healwaysescapescomingbakehome.MyfatherhasquitsmokingDoyouenjoyteaching?Hedeniedhavingseenthesewatchesbefore.Heriskedgettingcaughtinastormyesterday他昨天冒遭遇風(fēng)暴之險(xiǎn)。Imisstoseeingher.Hearingthisgoodnews,Ican'thelplaughing.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Healwaysstickstofinishinghishomeworkalone.Ingivenconditions,abadthingcanleadtogoodresults.Ican'tstandgettingonverywellwithher.Iam/getusedtoteachingyou.Whereverweare,wemustpayattentiontobehavingwell.三：動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞s+動(dòng)名詞；③代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞；④名詞+動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。作主語時(shí)，不能用③、④兩種形式；無生命名詞不能用第②種形式，無論是作主語還是作賓語。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)名詞加了一個(gè)邏輯主語。Sb/sb's（人稱代詞的賓格或形容詞性物主代詞）doingsth.Doyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?His/Jack'snotgettingtothestationontimemadeallofusworried.他/杰克沒準(zhǔn)時(shí)到火車站使得我們大家都很擔(dān)心。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack's/Jackleavingnow？我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開你介意嗎？Iinsistonbothofthemcomingintime.我堅(jiān)持要他們兩人準(zhǔn)時(shí)來。四：在動(dòng)詞allow/permit,advise,forbid,等后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式做賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞做賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。V+sb+todosth、1.Weallowsmokingonlyinrestricted扌旨定的areas.2：AllowmetointroduceMissGreen.3:Sheadvisedmetowearmybestclothes.4:Doyoupermityourchildrentosmoke?五：有些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟v-ing也可以接todo.（1）動(dòng)詞start,begin,continue,后接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓語意義基本相同，只是書面語中多接動(dòng)名詞，口語中多接不定式。Eg:①Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseacomputer.②Hecontinuedtowalk/walkingalongtheriverside.Begin和start在下列情況下一般接動(dòng)詞不定式。1：begin.start本身用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)。Eg:Iwasbeginningtogetangry.2；主語是物而不是人時(shí)。Eg:Theicebegantomelt.3；在begin,start后接know,understand,realize,等表示感情，思維，和意念這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，Eg；Ibegantounderstandthetruth.（2）：動(dòng)詞like,love,hate,prefer后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式做賓語意義區(qū)別不大，但表示經(jīng)常性，或習(xí)慣性的行為時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞，表示具體的行為時(shí)用不定式。Eg:Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.⑶意義區(qū)別比較大的。既能接不定式，又能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞或詞組：即“四‘記'”“力爭(zhēng)”“不后悔”。四“記”指“記得、記?。╮emember）”；“忘記（forget）”“計(jì)劃、打算（mean）”；“繼續(xù)（goon）”；力爭(zhēng)指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop與regret。1.remembertodosth提醒別忘做某事rememberdoingsth記得做過某事（說話的時(shí)候動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）Eg:①Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎？Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。—Remembertoreturnthebattome.—ButIrememberhavingreturnedittoyou.2.forgettodosth忘記要去做某事forgetdoingsth忘記已經(jīng)做過某事Eg:Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohimagain.regrettodosth很遺憾去做某事（動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生）regretdoingsth后悔做過某事（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）Eg:①Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)②Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒辦法。(未做但要做)③Iregrettedtotellhimthathehadbeenfired.Tomysurprise,hesaidtome,“Iamnotsad;Ionlyregrethavingtakenthewrongjob.”stoptodosth停下原來做的事去做另一件事情。stopdoingsth停止正在做的事情。Eg:Whentheteachersaidangrily,“Stoptalking,children”,thepupilsstoppedtowritetheircompositions.作文trytodosth努力做某事(盡力做某事但不一定能成功)