人教版2016年中考英語語法知識點難點總結(jié)

人教版2016年中考英語語法知識難點大全英語語法知識難點（一）（一）形容詞和副詞I?要點A．形容詞1、形容詞的用法形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用復數(shù)形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)（描述性）+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容詞比較等級的形式（1）規(guī)則形式一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-（the）mostimportant（2）不規(guī)則形式good（well）-better-bestbad（ill）-worse-worstmany（much）-more-mostlittle-less-least（3）形容詞比較等級的用法表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示兩者以上的比較，用"the+形容詞最高級（+名詞）+of（in）…"如：Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.表示兩者是同等程度，用〃as+形容詞原級+as".如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.越…越…例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我擔心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B.副詞1、副詞的種類時間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等地點副詞女口：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。程度副詞女口：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副詞比較等級的用法其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句；still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用于否定句。如：We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和aswell多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.hard,hardlyhardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.late,latelylately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?II.例題例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalreadyAhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。例2theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+…，the+形容詞比較級+…〃意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet〃."Ihaven'tbeenthere".AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定〃兩者都不〃，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為〃也〃。例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時，修飾具體的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。介詞I.要點1、介詞和種類簡單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。復合介詞，女口bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof.insteadof等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關(guān)系（1）和動詞的搭配，女口agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。（2）和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat（3）和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例（1）at,on,in（表時間）表示時間點用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,女口onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,女口intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。（2）between,among（表位置）between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關(guān)系時，也用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.（3）beside,besidesbeside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?（4）inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指動物或人在樹上，而onthetree指果實、樹葉長在樹上（5）ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway扌旨在路上intheway扌旨擋道bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法（6）inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角內(nèi)atthecorner指在拐角外（7）inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般說法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨（8）bybus,onthebusbybus是一般說法onthebus特指乘某一輛.II．例題例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B兩項except等于but,意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊〃，不符合題意。而D-besides,意為〃除了…之外，還有〃。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我們均知道，atnight這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例3I'mlookingforwardyourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配，意為〃期望、盼望〃。（三）連詞I．要點1、連詞的種類（1）并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and,for,or,both???and,either???or,neither???nor等。（2）從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了從屬連詞（引導狀語從句）外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導名詞性從句），關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（引導定語從句）。2、常用連詞舉例（1）and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.（2）both???and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.（3）but但是，而I'msad,butheishappy.either???or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.for因為Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.however然而，可是Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.neither???nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.notonly???but(also)不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.or或者，否則Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?so因此，所以It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.although雖然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.assoonas一…就I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.because因為Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.unless除非，如果不Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.until直到…Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬間動詞用于not…until結(jié)構(gòu))Hestayedthereuntileleven.while當…時候，而(表示對比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬間動詞)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.for因為Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(結(jié)論是推斷出來的)since自從…Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.hardly…when一…就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.asfaras就…來說AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II.例題例1Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。和樣好為aswellas.故該題正確答案為B。例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析：該處意為〃或者〃，正確答案為C。英語語法知識難點(二)動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)要點1、一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes,always,often,everyday等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now,atpresent等時間狀語連用。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?和always,continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復的動作，常含有某種情感。如：Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、現(xiàn)在完成時主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just,already,sofar,once,never等詞連用。如：HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般將來時表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow,nextyear等連用。如：I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般過去時表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等詞連用。如：Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般過去將來時表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.9、被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，以give為例。時/式一般進行完成現(xiàn)在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave過去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven將來shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill過去將來shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII?例題例1Ilearnedthatherfatherin1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in1950,所以不用過去完成時態(tài),而用一般過去時態(tài)。例2Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。（五）動詞虛擬語氣I?要點表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。1、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成情景條件從句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（be要用were）should+動詞原形would與過去事實相反had+過去分詞should+have+過去分詞would與將來事實相反1、動詞過去時2、should+動詞原形3、wereto+動詞原形should+動詞原形would注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had,should,could有時可將if省去,但要倒裝。如：Hadyou（Ifyouhad）invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用（1）在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是〃should（可?。?動詞原形〃，常用于以下三種句型中。句型一：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that…句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.（2）在賓語從句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是〃（should）+動詞原形〃。如：Isuggestthatwe（should）goswimming.在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.在同位語從句中，謂語形式是〃(should)+動詞原形〃。如：Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.在Itistimethat…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是〃動詞的過去式〃或"should+動詞原形〃，should不可省。如：It'stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.11?例題例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析:該題正確答案為Dohadhoped表示〃本希望〃，同樣用法的動詞還有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣例2〃Marywantstoseeyoutoday〃.〃Iwouldrathershetomorrowthantoday.〃AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome解析：該題正確答案為B。wouldrather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。例3Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故該題正確答案為B。短語動詞I-要點英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：動詞+介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Don'tlaughatothers.Ididn'tcareaboutit.（2）動詞+副詞常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.（3）動詞+副詞+介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.（4）動詞+名詞+介詞常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.（5）動詞+形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.（6）動詞+名詞常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.（7）辨析giveaway（讓給，暴露）和giveup（放棄，停止）putaway（放起，收起）和putout（撲滅）turnup（出席，放大）和turnon（打開）keepout（阻止）和keepoff（不讓靠近）makeup（編造，補上）和makeout（辨認）takeoff（脫，起飛）和takeout（拿出）例題例1Itiswisetohavesomemoneyforoldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存"；keepup意為"繼續(xù)"；giveaway意為"分發(fā)"；layup"貯藏"。例2Here'smycard.Let'skeepin.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship解析：該題正確答案為A.keepintouch為短語動詞，意為〃保持聯(lián)系〃。例3!There'satraincoming.ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析：該題選A.lookout意為〃小心〃。（七）動詞不定式I-要點1、不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。式丨語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式towritetobewritten完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten進行式tobewriting完成進行式tohavebeenwriting2、不定式的句法功能（1）作主語Tohearfromyouisnice.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：It'snicetohearfromyou.It'snoteasytobeagoodteacher.（2）作賓語通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等詞后。如：Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.（3）作表語Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.（4）作定語不定式作定語時，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Ihavealotofworktodo.作賓補通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等詞后。如：Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.作狀語Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.作獨立成分Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.〃疑問詞+不定式〃結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Idon'tknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.不定式的否定式。如：Idecidednottogo.不定式的完成式。如：HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.(11)t00…to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高興了，樂意去)(12)主動表被動。如：Thebookiseasytoread.Ihaveabooktoread.II?例題例1Ihaven'tgotachair.AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting解析：該題選C。不定式tositon在句中作定語，修飾名詞chair.因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是〃動賓關(guān)系〃，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此處on不能省略。例2Hewasmade.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo解析：該題選D。makesb.dosth.如果是被動形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。例3Anewfactoryisverysoon.AtobebuiltBbuiltCtobuildDtobuilding解析：該題選Aoistobebuilt意為"將要被建"。（八）動名詞I?要點動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1、動名詞的形式，以write為例。式語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten否定式not+動名詞2、動名詞的用法（1）作主語Playingfootballismyfavoritesport.Travellingwithfriendsatweekendisfun.作主語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復雜且長時，可用it作形式主語。如：Itisfuntravellingwithfriendsatweekend.（2）作賓語IenjoyplayingPCgame.Hegaveupwritingfiveyearsago.（3）作表語Whathehatedmostwasdoingnothing.Seeingisbelieving.動名詞作表語時，句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。（4）作定語There'sadiningroominmyschool.Allthepeoplewatchinglaughed.（5）動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)"物主代詞（或名詞的所有格）+動名詞"。如：Tom'sgoinghomelatemadehermotherangry.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?不過，動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時，必須用名詞的普通格（或人稱代詞的賓格）。無生命名詞Thegirlswereafraidofthedoorsuddenlyclosing.Fireburnsbetterbyoxygenbeingatwork.有生命名詞，但表泛指。Haveyoueverheardofgirlssmoking?兩個以上的有生命的名詞并列。Doyoustillremembermyparentsandmecomingtoseeyouthatday?3．后面常接動名詞的動詞和短語mind,enjoy,finish,consider,practise,magine,keep,suggest,advise,allow,permit,beworthdoing,beusedtodoing,bebusydoing,can'thelpdoing,itisnogooddoing,itisnousedoing,lookforwardtodoing,sticktodoing,payattentiontodoing,devotetodoing,leadtodoingII?例題例1Shesaysshedoesn'tfeellikeoutwithyou.AgoingBtogoCforgoingDwent解析：該題正確答案為A。feellike=want,此處like為介詞，后面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語例2Thegardenneeds.AwaterBwateringCtowaterDwatered解析：該題正確答案為B。need=want二require.如果物作主語，此三者后要接動名詞或tobedone這一結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例3Excusemeyou.AinterruptingBtointerruptCinterruptedDtohaveinterrupted解析：該題正確答案為A。excuse后接動名詞作賓語，此句中的me為動名詞的邏輯主語（常用于口語中）。（九）分詞要點分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表動作正在進行，表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表被動。過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表主動。過去分詞的句法功能：1、作定語IliketoreadthenovelwrittenbyLuXun.Thewomansittingbesidethebrokenwindowwasafriendofmine.2、作表語WhenIcameintotheroom,Ifoundthewindowwasbroken.I'minterestedinthisbook.3、作賓語補足語I'mgoingtohavemybikerepaired.WhenIwalkedhome,Isawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.4、作狀語Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能。1、作狀語Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthecitywasbeautiful.Walkingalongthestreet,theysuddenlysawhim.2、作賓語Ihatebeingspokenillof.HeconsideredvisitingJapanduringthewintervocation.3、作表語Seeingisbelieving.Thebookisinteresting.4、作賓語補足語Inoticedhimcrossingthestreet.Mothercaughthimsmokinginthekitchen.5、作定語Doyouknowthemanwritingaletter?Theworkerrunningamachineismybrother.分詞使用中的幾個問題1、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Havingcleanedtheroom,Iwentout.2、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式Nothavingreceivedanyletter,hefeltalittleworried.3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在，過去分詞表示被動、完成Ifoundthemankilledthere.Ifoundthemanstandingthere.4、have結(jié)構(gòu)Wehavethecarrepaired.Wehaverepairedthecar.WehaveTomrepairthecar.WehaveTomrepairingthecarthewholemorning.5、分詞作表語Wewereexcitedatthenews.Thefootballgameisexciting.6、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Itbeingafineday,wewentouttovisitthepark.II?例題例1、Time,I'llgoonapicnicwithyou.A.permitB.topermitC.permittedD.permitting解析：該題答案為D。Timepermitting…是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"如果時間允許的話…"例2、ifhehadanybadhabit,sherepliedthathewasaheavysmoker.A.AskB.ToaskC.AskedD.Asking解析：該題答案為C。主語she是被問。英語語法知識難點(三)(十)情態(tài)動詞與助動詞I-要點助動詞本身無意義，在句中幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成一定的時態(tài)，語態(tài)、語氣，或是幫助構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句，常用的助動詞有be,do,hav