2022考研《英語二》真題及答案解析

2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題

本試題來源于考生回憶，僅供學(xué)習(xí)參考，請(qǐng)勿用作其他用途！

一、SectionIUseofEnglish

1.Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.

HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou,reawriter,you,11findthetime;andthatifyoucan,t

findthetime,thenwritingisn,tapriorityandyou'renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa

[Al]job-ajob1ikeanyother.Hehas[A2]itwithplumbing,pointingoutthat

aplumberdoesn*twakeupandsaythathecan'tworkwithpipestoday.

[A3],likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,it's

not[A4]tofindthetimetowrite.Butit'snotimpossible.Itrequiresdetermination

andsingle-mindedness.[A5]thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheywere

doingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly[A6]often

havetodootherworkto[A7]theirwritingincome.

AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it'sa[A8]ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,

you'11haveto[A9]someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.

Dependingonyour[A10]andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatching

televisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite[Al1]theylistentomusic.

Youmighthaveto[A12]theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You'11havetomakesocial

mediaan[A13]activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming[A14].There'11

probablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It'sa

[A15]learningcurve,anditwon'talwaysmakeyoupopular.

There1sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,[A16]yourwriting-and

that'sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;it'stheone[A17]

supporter-somethingyoucan,tdowithout.

Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the[A18]itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefully

andas[A19]aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwespendmosttime

onthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,thatmeans[A20]writing

⑴.【Al】

A.difficult

B.normalJ

C.steady

D.pleasant

解析：difficult困難normal正常的steady持續(xù)地、平穩(wěn)地pleasant討人喜歡的。翻譯：對(duì)Harlan

Coben來說，作家就是一個(gè)__工作——同其他工作沒有什么差別。根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的解釋，對(duì)HarlanCoben

來說，作家只是一個(gè)普通平常的工作，并無特別之處，B正確。

(2).[A2]

A.combined

B.comparedJ

C.confused

D.confronted

解析：combine結(jié)合、混合compare比較confuseconfront面對(duì)翻譯：HarlanCoben拿作家這個(gè)工作

跟修管道—,指出管道工不會(huì)第二天起床并且說今天我不從事修管道了.上一段指出writerisnormal

job,然后跟plumber進(jìn)行了一個(gè)對(duì)比，plumber是normaljob,writer也是。B正確。

(3).[A3]

A.IfJ

B.Though

C.Once

D.Unless

解析：if如果though然而once曾經(jīng)、一...就...unless除非翻譯：像大部分作家一樣，你維持

了一份工作去生計(jì)，對(duì)你來說抽時(shí)間去寫作將不那么容易.空格處填寫一個(gè)連詞，表達(dá)兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系，

如果你像大部分的作家一樣，擁有一份其他的工作來維持生計(jì)，那么你就將沒有很多時(shí)間去寫作，兩個(gè)是

因果關(guān)系。A正確。

(4).[A4]

A.enough

B.strange

C.wrong

D.easyJ

解析：enough足夠strange奇怪wrong錯(cuò)誤的easy容易翻譯：如果你像大部分作家那樣擁有一份其他

的工作去維持生計(jì)，那么多你來說不一抽時(shí)間來寫作.根據(jù)題意，ifyouholddownajobtopaythebill

(有一份工作去賺錢生活)，那么抽時(shí)間寫作不是很容易，D正確。

⑸.【A5】

A.Accept

B.Explain

C.RememberJ

I).Suppose

解析：accept接受explain解釋remember記住suppose假設(shè)翻譯：__這個(gè)事實(shí)，大部分暢銷作家開

始寫作的時(shí)候，都是有另?份工作來維持生計(jì)的。上一句，Itrequiredeterminationand

single-mindedness,表明一邊工作一邊寫作需要決心跟專注，然后指出大部分的暢銷書作者都是這樣過來

的，remenberthat(記住)，C正確。

(6).[A6]

A.well-knownV

B.well-advised

C.well-informed

D.well-chosen

解析：well-known眾所周知的well-advised謹(jǐn)慎的well-informed見多識(shí)廣的well-chosen精選的翻

譯：現(xiàn)在，甚至是相對(duì)—作家都必須去做其他的工作來補(bǔ)貼他們的寫作收入。根據(jù)前文，有名的作家都是

一邊工作一邊寫作的，and表遞進(jìn)，指出同樣是有名的作家，現(xiàn)在也需要工作來補(bǔ)貼寫作的收入。A正確。

(7).[A7]

A.donate

B.generate

C.supplementV

D.calculate

解析：donate捐獻(xiàn)generate產(chǎn)生supplement補(bǔ)充、增補(bǔ)calculate計(jì)算、估算翻譯：現(xiàn)在甚至是相

對(duì)有名的作家也需要做其他工作來—他們的寫作收入。捐獻(xiàn)/產(chǎn)生/補(bǔ)貼/計(jì)算通過其他工作只能是補(bǔ)貼寫

作收入，所以C正確。

(8).[A8]

A.cause

B.purpose

C.question

D.conditionJ

解析：cause原因purpose意圖、計(jì)劃question問題condition條件、影響、代價(jià)翻譯：正如HalanCoben

所表明的，這是優(yōu)先選擇的，如果寫作優(yōu)先，你就必須犧牲你的日?；顒?dòng)和你所喜歡的事情.根據(jù)后面

Tomakewritingapriority,you'11havetoserificesomeofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsome

thingyoureallyenjoy.表明，當(dāng)你更重視寫作一點(diǎn)，你就沒有時(shí)間去做你喜歡的事，這就是代價(jià)，

conditionofpriority。D正確。

(9).[A9]

A.highlight

B.sacrificeV

C.continue

D.explore

解析：highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出sacrifice犧牲c(diǎn)ontinue繼續(xù)explore探索翻譯：正如HalanCoben所

強(qiáng)調(diào)的，這就是優(yōu)先選擇的代價(jià)，如果你把寫作作為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，你就必須一一你的U?；顒?dòng)跟你喜歡的事情。

根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，如果你偏重寫作，你就沒有時(shí)間干其他的，所以你要犧牲你的日常時(shí)間跟活動(dòng)，B正確。

(10).[A10]

A.relations

B.interestsJ

C.memories

D.ski1Is

解析：relation關(guān)系interest興趣memory記憶力skill技巧翻譯：根據(jù)你的___和生活方式，有的

人意味著更少的時(shí)間看電視跟聽音樂，然而有一部分人可以邊聽音樂邊寫作。and連接兩個(gè)并列的詞，

lifestyle跟interest并列。B正確。

(11).[All]

A.until

B.because

C.whileJ

D.before

解析：until直...到..because因?yàn)閣hile當(dāng)before在...之前翻譯：根據(jù)你的興趣和生活方式,

有的人意味著更少的時(shí)間看電視跟聽音樂，然而有一部分人可以寫作___他在聽音樂的時(shí)候。though表轉(zhuǎn)

折，前面說lesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,后面應(yīng)該是表達(dá)，一邊聽音樂一

邊寫作，while當(dāng)...時(shí)候。C正確。

(12).[A12]

A.putupwith

B.makeupfor

C.hangonto

D.cutdownonJ

解析：putupwith忍受、容忍makeupfor彌補(bǔ)hangonto緊緊握住cutdownon減少、節(jié)省翻譯：

你可能需要__你的活動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的次數(shù).根據(jù)前面的，spendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionor

listeningtomusic,可知，應(yīng)該是減少活動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的次數(shù)，D正確。

(13).[A13]

A.intelligent

B.occasionalJ

C.intensive

D.emotional

解析：intelligent智力、有才智的occasional偶爾的、臨時(shí)的intensive強(qiáng)烈的emotional有感染

力的翻譯：你必須使社交媒體成為一個(gè)—活動(dòng)，而不是一個(gè)日常的、耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣。insteadof連接兩個(gè)

相反意思的形容詞，adaily,time-consuming跟occasional意思相反。B正確。

(14).[A14]

A.habitJ

B.test

C.decision

D.plan

解析：habit習(xí)慣best最好的decision決定plan計(jì)劃翻譯：你必須使社交媒體成為一個(gè)偶爾的活動(dòng)，

而不是一個(gè)日常的、耗時(shí)的___oinsteadof連接兩個(gè)意思想法的形容詞，一個(gè)是occational一個(gè)是

time-consuming,同理activity跟空格處的詞對(duì)應(yīng)。activity對(duì)應(yīng)habit。偶爾的活動(dòng)跟耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣。

A正確。

(15).[A15]

A.toughJ

B.gentle

C.rapid

D.funny

解析：tough棘手的、艱難的gentle文靜的、柔和的rapid快速的funny有趣的翻譯：這是的學(xué)

習(xí)曲線，并且不總讓你受到歡迎?？崭裉幪顚懶稳菰~，根據(jù)后文itwon'talwaysmakeyoupopular可

知，空格處的形容詞，是貶義的，相比于gentlefunnyrapid,tough艱難的更合適。A正確。

(16).[A16]

A.inplaceof

B.inchargeof

C.inresponseto

D.inadditiontoJ

解析：inplaceof代替inchargeof掌管inresponceof回應(yīng)inadditionto除…之外翻譯：

寫作之外，還有一件事你應(yīng)該至少留一段時(shí)間那就是閱讀。根據(jù)前面lesstimewatching

television,cutdownontheamountofexercise,makesocialmediaanoccasionalactivity,本

段應(yīng)該為除了寫作之外，你應(yīng)該留一點(diǎn)時(shí)間給閱讀。D正確。

(17).[A17]

A.indispensableJ

B.innovative

C.invisible

D.instant

解析：indispensable不可缺少的innovative創(chuàng)新的invisible無形的instant立即翻譯：任何寫作

和寫出來的作品都需要廣泛的閱讀，這是一個(gè)——要素，沒有它你就不能寫作。根據(jù)題意，空格填寫一個(gè)形

容詞，indispensablesupporter不可或缺的要素。A正確。

(18).[A18]

A.duller

B.harder

C.quieter

D.quickerJ

解析：dull遲鈍的、不活躍的hard艱難的quiet安靜的quick快速的翻譯：時(shí)間是有限的，你變得越

老,它走的越.后一句，Weneedtouseitsocarefully(我們要有效的利用時(shí)間)，以及時(shí)間是

有限的，可知，當(dāng)我們?cè)嚼系臅r(shí)候，所剩下的時(shí)間不多了，它流逝的也就越快。D正確。

(19).[A19]

A.peacefully

B.generously

C.productivelyJ

D.gratefully

解析：peacefully平靜地generously慷慨地productively有成果地gratefully感激地翻譯：我們要

盡可能小心和—地利用時(shí)間。本段第一句是，Timeisfinite(時(shí)間是有限的)，然后and連接兩個(gè)并

列的詞語，productively有效率的。C正確。

(20).[A20]

A.atmost

B.inturn

C.onaverage

D.aboveallJ

解析：atmost最多inturn轉(zhuǎn)而、依次onaverage平均aboveall最重要的是、尤其是翻譯：優(yōu)先

考慮活動(dòng)，讓我們把大部分時(shí)間花在我們真正想做的事情上，如果你是作家，那么.就是寫作.如果你是

作家(ifyouareawriter),最重要的就是寫作了，thatmeanthethingswereallywanttodois

writingo最重要的就是寫作。D正確。

二、SectionIIReadingComprehension

2.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1

Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown's40windsweptacresinShiner,

Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisal]seems

random,butit'sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeits

nextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.

Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestilllabeled

organicandanimal-friendly,butthey'realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerative

agriculture-specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggs

couldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.

'Tmexcitedaboutourprogress,saysBrown,whoharvestseggsforDenver-basedNestFresh

Eggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.The

birds,wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforagefor

higher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupply

toourcustomers.M

Theeggindustry'spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerative

farmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrom

beingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecently

thereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedinto

majorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcouldopenthe

floodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.

Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly,says

JulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity

Brandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefoodproducts(though

someproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).

Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchas

free-range,non-GM0,andpasture-raisedeggswi11embracesustainabi1ity.Surveysshowthat

youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-based

meatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.

Youngadultsureallycareabouttheplanet,saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggInnovations.

“Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhat1thinkeventheyunderstandwhat

they'redoing.w

（1）.Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.

A.ataconsiderablylowcost

B.atthedemandofregularshoppers

C.asareplacementfororganiceggs

D.onspeciallydesignedfarmsJ

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句：Thisallseemsrandom,

butit'sbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs（這看起來隨意，但其實(shí)是

設(shè)計(jì)好的，是下一個(gè)大事件氣候友好蛋的一部分）。其中This指的是第一段開頭描述的養(yǎng)雞農(nóng)場景象。養(yǎng)

雞農(nóng)場是設(shè)計(jì)好的，用于生產(chǎn)氣候友好蛋，由此可知?dú)夂蛴押玫笆窃趕peciallydesignedfarms（經(jīng)過特

別設(shè)計(jì)的農(nóng)場）上生產(chǎn)的，所以本題選D。

（2）.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin.

A.reducingthedamageofclimatechange

B.acceleratingthedisposalofwaste

C.creatingasustainablesystemJ

D.attractingcustomerstohisproducts

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題F關(guān)鍵詞LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress定位到第三段①句，

該句提至U（Brown）isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickensto

eat（Brown正在添加更多的覆蓋作物來吸引蠕蟲和蟋蟀給雞吃）。結(jié)合②句Thebirds'wastethen

fertilizesfields（然后雞的排泄物可以給田地施肥）和③句中的Suchimprovementswallowourhensto

forageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeed...”（這樣的改進(jìn)使我們的母雞能夠找到更高質(zhì)量的天然食物）

可知，C項(xiàng)creatingasustainablesystem（創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)的系統(tǒng)）是對(duì)①-③句的合理概括，所以本題

選C。

（3）.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest.

A.thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds

B.thesetbacksintheeggindustry

C.thepotentialofregenerativeproductsJ

D.thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets

解析：本題為例證題。例證題通?？疾楦鶕?jù)論據(jù)尋找論點(diǎn)的能力，論點(diǎn)一般在論據(jù)的前面。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵

詞organiceggs定位到第四段②句，該句為論據(jù)，其所要說明的事物為①句：whetheranimalproductsfrom

regenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering（來自再生農(nóng)場的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品能否成為下一個(gè)

優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品）。C項(xiàng)thepotentialofregenerativeproducts（再生產(chǎn)品的潛力）是對(duì)①句中問題的合理概括，

所以本題選C。

（4）.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople.

A.arereluctanttochangetheirdiet

B.arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggsJ

C.arecuriousaboutnewfood

D.areamazedatagricultureadvances

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句：youngergenerationsare

moreconcernedaboutclimatechange（年輕一代更加關(guān)心氣候變化）。結(jié)合③句中的Youngadults"really

careabouttheplanet"（年輕人真的關(guān)心地球）和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefood

chain（他們絕對(duì)在改變食物鏈），可以判斷年輕人很可能在從食物方面為改善氣候和地球環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)

arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs（可能購買氣候友好蛋）是對(duì)②-④句的合理推斷,所以本題選

Bo

（5）.JohnBrunnquelIwou1ddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerativeproduct*s.

A.marketprospectsJ

B.standarddefinition

C.nutritionalvalue

D.moralimplication

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的JohnBrunnquel1定位到最后一段中的③句，Brunnquel1說年輕人真

的關(guān)心地球。結(jié)合④句他說年輕人絕對(duì)在改變食物鏈，可見他認(rèn)為年輕人可能通過消費(fèi)氣候友好蛋等再生

產(chǎn)品來保護(hù)地球，對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景是樂觀的。再根據(jù)題干中的JulieStanton定位到倒數(shù)第二段的

①句，Stanton說Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell（再生產(chǎn)品可能要被強(qiáng)行推銷），可見她

對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景是悲觀的。因此這兩人在再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景方面的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的，A項(xiàng)market

prospects（市場前景）準(zhǔn)確指出「兩人觀點(diǎn)的分歧所在，所以本題選A。

3.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text2

MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupencl

theoldworkforcemodel.

OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepare

foralongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmore

surprisingisthatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”-thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwent

backtoworkafterretiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhad

enoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.

Financialneedsaren,ttheonlyculpritforthe**unretirementwtrend.Otherreasons,according

tothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomor

avoidingdepression.

“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,“saidChristineRussel],seniormanagerofretirement

atTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolksto

continueworkingpastretirement.”

Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.Theshareofthe

population65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtotheU.S.Census

Bureau.That*salsoup30.2%since2010.

Becauseoflonger1ifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnest

eggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10

“unretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothe

survey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheir

overallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirement

accounts.

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecause

theyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderat

Baltimore-basedfinancial-ptanningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeak

withafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.

“Themostchailengingmomentsin1ifearegettingmarried,stai'tingafamilyandultimately

retiring,wWeisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeople

believetheycan'tretire.

（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.80）

（1）.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPol1indicatesthat.

A.overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork

B.theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes

C.oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement

D.moreAmericansarewi11ingtoworkinretirementV

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題F關(guān)鍵詞ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位到第二段①句：Onein

threeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtopreparefora

longerlife。D項(xiàng)中的arewillingtoworkinretirement（愿意在退休后工作）是對(duì)原文haveorplan

tohaveajobinretirement（已經(jīng)或計(jì)劃在退休后獲得一份工作）的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選D。

（2）.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.

A.retirementmaycauseproblemsforthemJ

B.boredomcanberelievedafterretirement

C.thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked

D.”unretirement“contributestotheeconomy

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3定位到第三段，Americanstendtothinkthat在第

三段中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容，第三段整體分析了美國人選擇在退休后繼續(xù)工作的原因。①句說明經(jīng)濟(jì)需求不是唯

一原因，②句列舉了其他原因，諸如保持精神健康，避免無聊或沮喪，由此可反推，美國人認(rèn)為退休會(huì)給

自身帶來此類問題，所以本題選A。

（3）.Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.

A.laborshortage

B.populationgrowth

C.longerlifeexpectancyJ

D.risinglivingcosts

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到第五段①句Onereason

forthechangeinretirementpatterns:AmericansarelivinglongeroC項(xiàng)longerlifeexpectancy（M

長的預(yù)期壽命）為該句中Americansarelivinglonger（美國人的壽命越來越長）的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選

Co

（4）.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.

A.investingmoreinstocks

B.takingupoddjobs

C.gettingwell-paidwork

D.spendinglessJ

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①句Americansarealso

boostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs?及②句Sixin10"unretirees“areincreasing

theirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,這兩句都在描述美國人增加儲(chǔ)蓄的事實(shí)，緊承的③

句Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroveral1

expenses提出了最受歡迎的方式之一減少總體開支，對(duì)應(yīng)了I）項(xiàng)，所以本題選1）。

（5）.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.

A.unpreparedJ

B.unafraid

C.disappointed

D.enthusiastic

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeiss定位到第七段①句

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecause

theyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss?由該句because

theyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears（因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心晚年入不敷出）可推知,

許多人并沒有準(zhǔn)備好退休，對(duì)應(yīng)了A項(xiàng)，所以本題選A。

4.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text3

Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimes

youfelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocess

butwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbe

complicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseare

examplesofdarkpatterns.

Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns/"isacatch-all

termforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabi1ityof

users.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhidden

coststo“roachmotel”,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturns

difficultwhentheusertriestogetout.

Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthataboutone

in10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsis

sti]1notwe11understood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsand

trytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.

Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?Businessesshouldengage

inconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,and

includeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthe

company*suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,

checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoral1theseteamscanplayaroleincreating

oravoiding"digitaldeception.w

Lawmakersandregulatorsares1ow1ystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,most

recentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapproval

ofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)thatwensurethat

consumerswi11notbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.”

Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusing

1anguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensor1isten

toreasonswhytheyshouldn,toptout.”

Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreater

accountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedona

self-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegal

requirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.

(1).Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns.

A.improveuserexperiences

B.leakuserinformationforprofit

C.undermineusers'decision-makingV

D.remindusersofhiddencosts

解析：Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyor

unintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexampleofdarkpatterns.一

些應(yīng)該簡單和透明的東西可能是有意或無意的，會(huì)損害消費(fèi)者的選擇，我們把這種模式稱為“dark

pattern"。impairconsemerchoice跟undermineusers'decision-making同義，C正確。

(2).The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow.

A.theirmajorf1aws

B.theircomplexdesigns

C.theirseveredamage

D.theirstrongpresenceJ

解析：Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthatabout

onein10employsthesedesignpractices.在2019年一項(xiàng)針對(duì)5.3萬個(gè)產(chǎn)品頁面和1.1萬個(gè)網(wǎng)站的研

究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中大約十分之一采用了這些設(shè)計(jì)模式。作者主要是想體現(xiàn)出darkpattern大量

存在。D選項(xiàng)正確。

(3).Tohand1edigitaldeception,businessesshould.

A.listentocustomerfeedback

B.talkwithrelevantteamsJ

C.turntoindependentagencies

D.relyonprofessionaltraining

解析：BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamsto

reviewtheirprivacypolicy.andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesigners

andcodersresponsibleforthecompany,suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisers

responsibleforsign-ups.checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoral1theseteamscan

playaroleincreatingoravoiding"digitaldeception*.企業(yè)應(yīng)該與IT^合規(guī)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和法律團(tuán)隊(duì)

進(jìn)行對(duì)話，以審查他們的隱私政策。并在討論中包括負(fù)責(zé)公司用戶界面的客戶/用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)人員和程序員，

以及負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)的市場營銷人員和廣告商。結(jié)賬籃、定價(jià)和促銷活動(dòng)。任何一個(gè)或所有這些團(tuán)隊(duì)都可以在創(chuàng)

造或避免“數(shù)字欺騙”中發(fā)揮作用。B正確。

(4).TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto.

A.guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses

B.protectconsumersfrombeingtrickedJ

C.grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights

D.restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent

解析：theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsunderthe

CaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswi11notbeconfusedormisled

whenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.加州司法部長宣布批準(zhǔn)根據(jù)《加州消費(fèi)者隱私

法案》(CCPA)制定的額外規(guī)定，以“確保消費(fèi)者在尋求行使數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)時(shí)不會(huì)被混淆或誤導(dǎo)?！奔幢Ｗo(hù)消

費(fèi)者不受到欺騙，B正確。

(5).Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis.

A.newlegalrequirements

B.businesses*self-disciplineJ

C.strictregulatorystandards

0.consumers'safetyawareness

角華析：Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butsonlyiforganizations

holdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpractices

andstandards.Darkpattern也可以在自我監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)上得到解決，但只有當(dāng)企業(yè)對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé),不僅對(duì)

法律要求，而且對(duì)行業(yè)最佳實(shí)踐和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)責(zé)。所以解決darkpattern的關(guān)鍵是businesses'

self-discipline〃企業(yè)的自覺B正確。

5.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text4

Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscan

actual1ychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsor

sometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleast

onereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.

Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession'simpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethis

particularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEricSchwitzgebel,a

philosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students'attitudesonthetopicare

variableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthat

eatinglessmeatisgood