英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教程第三版(張民倫主編)Unit-10-A-Glimpse-of-the-Age聽(tīng)力原文5057

.Unit10AGlimpseoftheAgePartIGettingreadyIn1969,oneofthegreatesttechnologicalachievementsofthehumanracewasaccomplished.Ahumanfirstsetfootonanothercelestialbody.Audioscript：Thirty-fiveyearsago,onJuly20.1969.humansfirstsetfootonanotherworld.U.S.Apollo11astronautNeilArmstrongdescendedfromalandingcraftnamed"Eagle"tobecomethefirstpersontosteponthemoon,amomentouseventheeloquentlyconsecrated."That'sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind."Duringtheirtwo-and-a-halfhourmoonwalk,theApollocrewmenplantedtheU.S.flaginthesoilandreceivedaphonecallfromPresidentRichardNixon,whopaidtributetowhathecalledtheirimmensefeat.1/17."Becauseofwhatyouhavedone,theheavenshavebecomeapartofman'sworld.Foronepricelessmomentinthewholehistoryofman,allthepeopleonthisEartharetrulyone,oneintheirprideinwhatyouhavedone."21.5hoursafterdescent,astronautsArmstrongandAldrinfiredtheirascentrocketsandrejoinedMichaelCollinsaboardtheorbiting"Columbia"commandmodulefortheflighthome,establishingforeverwhatMr.ArmstronghascalledApollo11'slastinglegacy."TheimportantachievementofApollowasademonstrationthathumanityisnotforeverchainedtothisplanet,andourvisionsgoratherfurtherthanthatandouropportunitiesareunlimited."PartIIStandingonthemoonAlanShepardisaU.S.astronaut,whowalkedonthemoonin1971.Inaninterview,AlanShepardreminiscedabouthisexperienceonthemoon.Audioscript：2/17.OnFebruary4,1971,AlanShepard,commanderoftheApollo14spacemission,becamethefifthpersontowalkonthemoon.HeandfellowastronautEdgarMitchellspentninehoursand23minutesinspacesuitsonthelunarsurface.Theirmajorjobwastogatherandphotographsamplesofthematerialsonthemoon'ssurface,includingrocksandstones,totakebacktogeologistsonearth.Whenhewasaskedabouthislunarexperience,Mitchellsaid,"Whatitdidformeisreallyforcemetogetapictureoftheuniversefromatotallydifferentperspectiveandthenstarttoquestionourconventionalwaysoflookingatourselves,ourplaceintheuniverse,ourplaceinlife,whatit'sallabout."Ayearandahalfearlier,onJuly20,1969,theastronautsofApollo11hadmadethefirstlandingonthemoon.Atthattime,CommanderNeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalkonthemoon.Ashetookhisfirststepoutofthelunarmodule,heradioedthesewordstotheearth:"That'sonesmallstepforaman;onegiantleapformankind."InaJuly1994interviewwithawriterfortheNewYorkTimes,AlanShepardtalkedaboutlookingatearth:"Irememberbeing3/17.struckbythefactthatitlookssopeacefulfromthatdistance,butrememberingontheotherhandalltheconfrontationgoingonalloverthatplanetandfeelingalittlesadthatpeopleonplanetEarthcouldn'tseethatsamesightbecauseobviouslyallthemilitaryandpoliticaldifferencesbecomesoinsignificantseeingitfromthedistance."Audioscript：T--TerryGrossA--AlanShepardT：Whatsurprisedyoumostabouthowthesurfaceofthemoonlooked?A：Idon'tthinkwehadanysurprisesabouttheactualsurfaceofthemoon--aboutthebarrenness.Wehadlookedatpicturesofourlandingsitetakenbypreviousmissions.Wehadworkedwithmodelsthatweremadefromthosepictures.Weknewthegeneralconfigurationofwherethecratersweresupposedtobe.WeknewtheobjectiveofConeCrater,whichwastheoneweclimbedupthesideoftogetrocksamples.Thereweren'tanysurprisesthere.ThesurpriseIhadwasstandingonthesurfaceafterwe'dbeenthereforafewminutes,havingachancetorestalittle4/17.bit,andlookingupattheearthforthefirsttime--youhavetolookupbecausethat'swhereitis.Andtheskyistotallyblack,andhereyouhaveaplanetwhichisfourtimesthesizeofthemoonaswelookatitfromtheearth,andyoualsohavecolor.Youhaveablueocean(s)andthebrownlandmasses--thebrowncontinents--andyoucanseeiceontheicecapsontheNorthPole,andsoon.It'sjustanabsolute,incredibleview,andthenyousay--ah--hey--um--thatlooksalittlesmalltome.Itlookslikeit--itdoeshavelimits.It'salittlefragile.Youknow,downherewethinkit'sinfinite.Wedon'tworryaboutresourcesum.Upthereyou'resaying,"Gosh,youknow,it'sashamethosefolksdowntherecan'tgetalongtogether--ah--andthinkabouttryingtoconserve,tosavewhatlimitedresourcestheyhave."Andit'sjustveryemotional.Iactuallyshedacoupleoftearslookingupattheearthandhavingthosefeelings.PartIIINelsonMandela--TheFatherofSouthAfrica5/17."AsIwalkedoutthedoortowardthegatethatwouldleadtomyfreedom,IknewifIdidn'tleavemybitternessandhatredbehind,I'dstillbeinprison,"Mandelasaidafterhewasfreedin1990.Theprisoner-turned-presidentreconciledSouthAfricaaftertheendoftheapartheid.Heheldaspecialplaceintheconsciousnessofthenationandtheworld.Ontheeveningof5December,2013,NelsonMandelajoinedtheancestors.Audioscript：JustbeforemidnightlocaltimeinSouthAfrica,PresidentJacobZumaappearedonnationaltelevisiontoannouncethatthefatherofmodernSouthAfricahaddied.NelsonMandelawas95.JacobZuma:FellowsofAfricans,ourbelovedNelsonRolihlahlaMandela,thefoundingpresidentofourdemocraticnation,hasdeparted.NelsonMandelahadbeensufferingfromalunginfectionforsometime.HespentthreemonthsinhospitalearlierthisyearbeforebeingallowedhomefortreatmentinSeptember.Thenews6/17.ofhisdeathmayhavebeenexpected,butthatdidn'tsoftentheblowformanySouthAfricans.TheSouthAfricanpresidentJacobZumamadeatelevisedspeechannouncingdetailsofMrMandela'sfuneral.JacobZuma:He'llbelaidtorestonthe15thofDecemberinQunuintheEasternCapeProvince.Weshouldallworktogethertoorganizethemostbefittingfuneralforthisoutstandingsonofourcountryandthefatherofouryoungnation.NelsonMandelaspent27yearsinjail,imprisonedbythewhiteminoritygovernmenttoservehiseffortstofightinjusticeofapartheid.Bythetimehegainedhisfreedomin1990,he'dcapturedtheimaginationofpeoplearoundtheworld.HisgreatestachievementwastothentakeSouthAfricaintoanewerawithoutthewidespreadbloodshedthathadbeenfeared.ThememorialserviceforformerSouthAfricanPresidentNelsonMandelaissettobeoneofthelargestgatheringsofitskindingenerations.Tensofthousandsofmournersandalmost100foreignleadersareexpectedtoattendtheeventattheFNBstadiuminJohannesburg.Audioscript：7/17.ThepersonIadmiremostintheworldisNelsonMandela.HewasthePresidentofSouthAfricaduringthe1990s,butbeforethathespentmorethan25years,Ithink,inprison.Hewasputinprisonbecauseofhispoliticalbeliefs.HewantedtogetequalrightsforblackpeopleinSouthAfrica,andthegovernmentputhiminprisonbecauseofhispoliticalviews...um...hewasalawyerbeforehewenttoprisonandherepresentedhimselfathistrial.Someofthethingshesaidduringhistrialwereamazing.They'restillfamousspeeches,Ithink.ThereasonthatIadmirehimisthatinspiteofthefactthathespentsuchalongtimeinprisonheneverchangedhisviews.Itwould'vebeenquiteeasyforhimtoperhapsstopcampaigningfortherightsofblackpeople,butheneverdidthat.Rightuntiltheendofhistimeinprison,hewasstillcampaigning.WhenIwenttoSouthAfrica,Imetsomebodywhowasinprisonwithhimanditwasamazingtohearabouthowtheywere...theyfounditsoeasytoforgivethegovernmentandthepeoplewho'dputtheminprison,theyweren'tbitterorangryaboutit.8/17.Ithinkhe'sreallyinfluencedthewaypeoplethinkabouthowtheycanmakechanges,politicalchanges,bystandingbywhattheybelieveinandstatingtheirbeliefsveryclearly.PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:WorldWarIandIIWhatdowarsbringtopeople?Death,suffering,destruction,atrocities.TwoWorldWarsinthetwentiethcenturywerecontinuousinbothtimeandspace.Theywerefoughtdayandnight,winterandsummer,overweeksandmonthsatatime.Intermsofliveslostandmaterialdestruction,WorldWarIIisthemostdevastatingwarinhumanhistory.Audioscript：TheshotsthatrangoutonthestreetsofSarajevoinJune1914weretochangetheworld.OnthatdayayoungSerbianassassinatedArchdukeFranzFerdinand,heirtothethroneofAustria-Hungary.Inretaliation,Austria-HungarydeclaredwaronSerbia.Decadesofsimmeringnationalistichostilitiesquicklywereunleashed.TheprincipalbelligerentsononesidewereAustria-HungaryandGermany,ontheother,Britain,9/17.France,Russia,andin1917,theUnitedStates.Itwascalledthewartoendallwars:WorldWarI.Forfouryearstheconflictraged,intrenchesandintheair,withbullets,grenadesandpoisongas.Bythesummerof1918,Germanforceswereundefeatedinthefield,althoughthealliednationshadhadsomesignificantsuccesses.ButthenGermany'sKaiserWilhelmIIabdicatedandGermanpoliticianswerelefttosueforpeace.Morethan8millionsoldierswerekilledordiedduringthehostilities.Anestimated12millionciviliansalsoperished.Intheaftermathofthewar,hugechangesoccurred.ThecenterofwealthtransferredfromEuropetotheUnitedStates;thepoliticalmapofEuropewassignificantlyredrawn;andGermanywasleftinfinancialshambles,itspeopledriventothebrinkofstarvation,asituationthathelpedleadtotheriseofAdolfHitlerand,ultimately,WorldWarII.AftertheendofWorldWarOne,smolderinghostilitiescontinuedinmuchofEurope.In1939,theyeruptedintothemostdestructivewarinhistory.WorldWarIIragedacrossEurope,Asia,AfricaandthePacificIslands,eventually10/17.costingthelivesoftensofmillionsofciviliansandsoldiers.ThreeeventshelpedusherinWorldWarII:JapanoverranManchuria;Italy,underfascistdictatorBenitoMussolini,invadedEthiopia;andmostimportant,AdolfHitlercametopowerinGermany.Herearmedthecountry,inviolationofatreatysignedafterWorldWarI,andsoonbegantothreatenotherEuropeannations.Forsixyears,thewarunleashedatrocitiesonascaleneverbeforeseen,includingtheannihilationofsixmillionJewsinNazideathcamps.AndtheworldenteredthenuclearagewhentheUnitedStatesdroppedtwoatomicbombsonJapaninAugust1945.Whenthewarfinallyended,theworld'spoliticalmapwasredrawn;EuropeandJapanwereineconomicshambles;andthegroundworkwaslaidforthedecadeslongColdWar.Still,outoftheconflictwereborntheMarshallPlantorebuildEurope,theUnitedNations,andthehopethatneveragainwouldtheworldfacesuchacrucible.PartVDoyouknow...?11/17.Akissisusuallyveryromantic,asbothofthepeopleloveeachother.Wouldyoubelieve,however,thatbothpersonsalthoughkissinginthepicturedidn'tknoweachotherfornearlyfiftyyears?ItisoneofthemostfamouskissesinAmericanhistory.Audioscript：Thephotographshowsamankissingawoman.Andit'squiteakiss.Hehasabentalmostoverbackwards.ThephotographerwastherenownedAlfredEisenstein,whopublishedthepictureonthecoverofanationwidemagazine.Butsincethesubjectwaskissing,it'shardtoseetheirfacesclearly.Sofor50yearsnoonecouldfigureoutwhotheywere.ItisoneofthemostfamouskissesinAmericanhistory:asailorandanurseinavictoryembracerightinthemiddleofBroadway.Theimagewascapturedon14August,1945byphotographerAlfredEisensteinandprintedonthecoverofLifemagazine.Butthekisserswhosefacesareobscuredremainedanonymousforyears.In1980,EdithShengcameforwardtoadmitshewasthenurse.Althoughsherecognizedherselffromtheminuteshesawthemagazine'scover,shesaid12/17.shewastooembarrassedtotellanyonebecauseshedidn'tknowwhothesailorinthepicturewas."IwasjuststandingthereandI...grabbedandthisisastranger.Butthisisamanwhofoughtforus,andwhohelpedendthewar."MissShengsaysshe'sreceivedseveralcallsoverthepast15yearsfrommenwhoclaimedtobethesailorwhokissedher,butshesaysnoneoftheirstoriesrangtrue.ButCarolsMuscarrelasayshedidn'thaveanytroublepersuadingEdithShengthathewasthemaninEisenstein'sphotographwhenhemetherinJuly,nearly50yearsaftertheirfirstencounter.MrMuscarrelasaidhedidn'tevenknowthepicturehadbeentakenbecausehewasshippedoutafewdayslateranddidn'treturnfor3months.Hesaidhismothersawthepicture,however,andwasshocked."Mymotherwenttovisitthedoctor'sofficeinBerklin.Thisisseveralweeksafterthephotographwastakenandshepickedupamagazineinthedoctor'sofficeandshesaid:'Thisismyboy.Thisismylittleboy.'"13/17.Whenhedidlearnaboutthepicture,Carolssaidhedidn'tcomeforwardtoidentifyhimselfbecausehewashappilymarriedandreallyhadnointerestinthepublicity.But,hesays,afriendpersuadedhimtocomeforwardforthe50thanniversaryoftheendoftheSecondWorldWarandthemostfamouskissinAmericanhistory.PartVIIWatchandenjoyVideoscript：November,1960,senatorJohnFitzgeraldKennedyofMassachusettswinsoneofthenarrowestelectionvictoriesinAmericanhistoryoverVicePresidentRichardNixonbyalittlemorethan100000votes.AlongsidehisbeautifulandelegantwifeJacquelineBouvier,Kennedyisthesymbolofthenewfreedomofthe1960ssignifyingchangeandupheavaltotheAmericanpublic.MartinLutherKing：Allmenarecreatedequal.Kennedy：EverydegreeofmindandspiritthatIpossesswillbedevotedtothecauseoffreedomaroundtheworld.14/17.InOctober,1962,theworldcomestothebrinkofnuclearwarwhenKennedyquarantinesCubaafterannouncingthepresenceofoffensiveSovietnuclearmissiles90milesoffAmericanshores.Sovietshipswithmoremissilessailtowardstheislandbutatthelastmomenttheyturnback.Theworldbreatheswithrelief.EarlythatfatalsummerKennedyspeaksofhisnewvisionattheAmericanuniversityinWashington.Kennedy：WhatkindofpeacedoImean?Andwhatkindofpeacedoweseek?NotaPaxAmericanaenforcedontheworldbyAmericanweaponsofwar.Wemustre-examineourownattitudestowardstheSovietUnion.Ourmostbasiccommonlinkisthat