寫作與翻譯中的常用短語

寫作CommonlyUsedPhrasesandPatterns.安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentrationofbrainpower;knowledge-intensive西部大開發(fā)DevelopmentoftheWestRegions可持續(xù)性發(fā)展sustainabledevelopment風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資riskinvestment擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需toexpanddomesticdemand計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)computer-assistedinstruction(CAI)學(xué)生減負(fù)toreducestudyload拉關(guān)系trytocurryfavorwith勞動(dòng)合同制laborcontractsystem

老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào)cutanddried老字號anoldandfamousshoporenterprise

禮尚往來Courtesycallsforreciprocity.獵頭公司head-huntingcompany

廉政建設(shè)constructionofacleanandhonestadministration

廉政、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政anhonest,diligent,pragmaticandefficientgovernment聯(lián)合兼并conglomerationandmergerofenterprises

兩個(gè)文明一起抓placeequalemphasisonmaterialandethicalprogress

兩院院士academiciansoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandChineseAcademyofEngineering

老少邊窮地區(qū)formerrevolutionarybaseareas,areasinhabitedbyminoritynationalities,remoteandborderareasandpoverty-strickenareas

劣等品shoddygoods;substandardgoods;

留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒Wherethereislife,thereishope.

留職停薪retainthejobbutsuspendthesalary

留學(xué)咨詢：consultingonthestudyabroad

流動(dòng)人口transientpopulation

亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款arbitrarycharges,fund-raisingquotasandfines

論文答辯(thesis)oraldefense綠地覆蓋率forestcoveragerate

綠化afforestation綠色食品organicfood

滿意度degreeofsatisfaction民族凝聚力nationalcohesion

買一送一buyonegetonefree

磨洋工dawdlealong模擬測試mocktest;simulatedexam

莫失良機(jī)makehaywhilethesunshines目標(biāo)管理managementbyobjectives

難得糊涂Whereignoranceisbliss,it'sfollytobewise.

南水北調(diào)South-to-Northwaterdiversion

南水北調(diào)工程divertwaterfromthesouthtothenorthproject

鬧情緒bedisgruntled;beinafitofpique

內(nèi)環(huán)路innerringroad泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy

能進(jìn)能出，能上能下competenttoworkbothatthetopandatthegrassroots

貧富懸殊polarizationofrichandpoor平均主義equalitarianism

瓶頸制約“bottleneck”restrictions企業(yè)文化corporateculture

強(qiáng)化班intensivetrainingclass勤工儉學(xué)work-studyprogram

全面實(shí)施以德育為核心、以創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力為重點(diǎn)的素質(zhì)教育carryonthequalityeducationcenteringonmoraleducationandemphasizingcreativityandpractice

裙帶風(fēng)nepotism;petticoatinfluence

人才流失braindrain人浮于事overstaffing

人工智能artificialintelligence人機(jī)交互human-computerinteraction

人際交往humancommunication三角債chaindebt

塞翁失馬，焉知非福Misfortunemaybeanactualblessing.

"三個(gè)代表""threerepresents"theory(ThePartyshouldalwaysrepresentthedevelopmentneedsofChina'sadvancedsocialproductiveforces,alwaysrepresenttheonwarddirectionofChina'sadvancedculture,andalwaysrepresentthefundamentalinterestsofthelargestmemberoftheChinesepeople.)

"三講"教育（講學(xué)習(xí)、講政治、講正氣）"threeemphases"education(tostresstheoreticalstudy,politicalawarenessandgoodconduct)

三資企業(yè)threekindsofforeign-investedenterprisesorventures:Sino-foreignjointventures(中外合資企業(yè)),cooperativebusinesses（中外合作企業(yè)）andexclusivelyforeign-ownedenterprisesinChina（外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)）

"掃黃"、"打非"eliminatepornographyandillegalpublications

商品房空置的現(xiàn)象thevacancyproblemincommercialhousing

上網(wǎng)togetontheInternet事業(yè)單位publicinstitution

社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題hotissuesofsociety沙塵暴sandstorm;duststorm

社會(huì)治安情況publicsecuritysituation涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)foreign-relatedbusiness

申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)bidfortheOlympicGames身體素質(zhì)physique;physicalconstitution

生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)environmental-friendlyagriculture彈性工資flexiblepay

實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Practiceisthesolecriterionfortestingtruth.實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo)toachievethegoalofensuringourpeoplearelativecomfortablelife

時(shí)不我待Timeandtidewaitfornoman.試用期probationaryperiod

受災(zāi)地區(qū)disaster-affectedarea素質(zhì)教育educationforall-arounddevelopment

跳槽者job-hopper跳槽job-hopping

土地沙化desertificationofland;desertencroachment

推廣科研成果turninglaboratoryachievementsintocommercial/massproduction;commercializationoflaboratoryachievements

退耕還林還草grainforgreen

脫貧致富cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity

挖墻腳underminethefoundationofsth..;cutthegroundfromundersb'sfeet

網(wǎng)民netizen;netcitizen;cybercitizen網(wǎng)上沖浪surftheInternet

網(wǎng)上交易平臺onlinetradingplatform網(wǎng)友netfriend

文科liberalarts無形資產(chǎn)intangibleassets

無中生有make/createsomethingoutofnothing

效益工資achievements-relatedwages;wagesbasedonbenefits

效益農(nóng)業(yè)profitableagriculture下崗laid-offworkers

心理素質(zhì)psychologicalquality義務(wù)教育compulsoryeducation

應(yīng)試教育examination-orientededucationsystem

與國際市場接軌integratewiththeworldmarket;becomeintegratedintotheglobalmarket遠(yuǎn)景計(jì)劃long-termdevelopmenttargets欲速則不達(dá)Hastedoesnotbringsuccess.

再就業(yè)服務(wù)中心re-employmentservicecenter遠(yuǎn)程教育distanceeducation

政府上網(wǎng)工程GovernmentOnlineProject

政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變transform/shiftthegovernmentfunctions

政企不分withoutaclearlinebetweenthefunctionsofthegovernmentandenterprises;thefunctionsofthegovernmentandenterprisesmixedup

政企分開separategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement

政務(wù)公開makegovernmentaffairspublic

中關(guān)村科技園區(qū)ZhongguancunScienceandTechnologyPark

中流砥柱mainstay,chiefcornerstone抓住機(jī)遇seizetheopportunity

眾口難調(diào)Itisdifficulttocatertoalltastes.;Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.自然保護(hù)區(qū)naturalreserve;naturepreservationzone

自律機(jī)制theself-disciplinesystem自我保護(hù)意識self-protectionawareness

轉(zhuǎn)基因食品GMfood(geneticallymodifiedfood)AppendixIIIPartⅠ:Usefulexpressions(A).ForOpeninganessay1. say Whenaskedabout the(vast)majorityof believeWhenitcomesto..., most/many people claimFacedwith think argue---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- regard view/see as...that...,butotherpeople thinkof ... differently. consider conceive----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. development/improvement/rise/growthof... generalrecognition/realization/acknowledgementof...With(the)women/childrenplayinganincreasinglybigroleinsociety/familylife, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. a general discussion on issueThereis much debate today about the problem public controversy nowadays over asto---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- criticizeof....Thosewho ...arguethat...objectto---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- advocateTheybelievethat...,butpeoplewho ...,ontheother favorhand,arguethat...----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Currently ,there is a(n) general Inrecentyears widespreadInthepastfewyears hasbeen growingFormanyyearsnow widely-held----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------feelingtowards feeling concernover concernthatattitudetowards trendtrendtowards ... awarenessawarenessof realizationthatrealizationof beliefillusionof ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. growing beginningNowpeoplein ever-increasing numbersare coming to significant getting----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------believerrealizerecognizeunderstand thatacceptseebeaware----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. believed commonly thought thinkNow,itis widely held that...,they ...,but Generally accepted believe Increasingly felt recognized acknowledged----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Iwonder whether... doubt---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- astonishing proportion teenagers7.Recentlythereisa(n) increasing percentage ofwho sizable population students significant number ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sudden8.Inthepast5yearstherehasbeena dramatic rise inthecrimerate sharp increasedivorceratemarkedteenagesmoking----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- problem broughttopublicattention 9..Recentlythe issue of...hasbeen posedamongpeople question inthelimelight---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- loomed controversial10.The problem of...hasnow arisen as issue croppedup noteworthy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------idea untrueopinion foolish view dangerousNo belief more undesirable thannotion is basic now theonethat...issue so important astrend essentialattitude emotion-rousing----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------widely(whichisnow commonly heldby...)generally----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.NeverinChinesehistory idea evidentNowhereintheworld hasthe issue of...beenmore popularthan...change (B)Transitionalwords1)Samplewriting:Whatexplainsthegrowingtrendtowarddelayedchildbearing?First,Inthefirstplace,Tostartwith,thehighdivorcerateismakingnewlywedsthinktwiceaboutstartingaForonething,familyrightaway.Firstofall,Secondly,Besides,Inaddition,Furthermore,manyyoungcoupleswanttobemorefinanciallysecurebeforehavingchildren.What'smore,Foranotherthing,Finally,Aboveall,Moremarriedwomenprefertodevotetimetotheircareersbeforehavingababy.Thirdly,2)Connectivesandtransitionalphrasesforchronologicaldevelopment:first,second,etc.sooneventuallyinthemeantimethenthereuponatthesametimenextthereafterafteranintervalnowafterpresentlylaterafterwardsomewhatlaterfinallyatlast3)Connectivesandtransitionalphrasesforanalyticaldevelopment:first,second,etc.nowforthispurposebutasaresultfurthermorefinallyatlastmoreoveralsoconsequentlylikewiseanotherforexamplenextyetforinstanceonthecontraryonceinadditioninsummarysuchinthiscaseonthe.otherhandthenotherwiseinconclusionthusinclosingtherefore4)Connectivesandtransitionalphrasesforcomparisons:anotherfurthermoremoreoverequallyimportanttoo,alsoatthesametimebesidesthenaccordinglyinfactinadditiontolike,likewisesimilarlyjustas...sointhesameway5)Connectivesandtransitionalphrasesforcontrasts:onthecontrarydifferentfrom/incontrastontheotherhandtodespiteinspiteofyet,butwhereasunlikeneverthelessnotonly....butalsohere....thereyearsago....today-this....thattheformer....thelatterthen....nowthefirst...whereasthesecondsome....othersontheonehand....ontheotheronce....now(C)PhrasestoSumUpInsummary,Inshort,Onthewhole,Thistrendrepresentsasharpbreakwiththisnation'straditionalInconclusion,preoccupationwiththeneedsofchildren.Inaword,(D)Aspecialgroupofsentencestructures漢語中有許多習(xí)慣用語。其中有的是用“人們”、“有人”、“大家”等作主語，有的看來是無主句，有的則是句子中的獨(dú)立成分，如“應(yīng)該說”、“必須指出”、“已經(jīng)證明”等，在英語中則常用it作形式主語的句型來表達(dá)這些習(xí)慣語。人們（有人、大家）認(rèn)為……Itisconsidered(orthought)that…普遍（一般、通常）認(rèn)為……Itisgenerally(usually)accepted(oragreed,recognized)that…人們（有人、大家）相信……Itisbelievedthat…眾所周知……Itiswell-knownthat…據(jù)說（有人說）……Itissaidthat…據(jù)悉……Itislearnedthat…據(jù)推測……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)估計(jì)（預(yù)計(jì)）……Itisestimated(predicated,calculated)that…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……Itisreportedthat…必須指出……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須（應(yīng)該）承認(rèn)……Itmust(should)beadmittedthat…可見（可以看出）……Itwillbeseenthat…由此可見……Itwillbesee