現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題答案(老師專(zhuān)用)

時(shí)態(tài)解說(shuō)：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)之青柳念文創(chuàng)作1）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)往常示意過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達(dá)成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響和成就.說(shuō)話(huà)人重申的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的成就或影響.Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.I’msurewe’vemetbefore.Shehasarrived.她到了.

我女兒剛出去.我必然我們從前見(jiàn)過(guò)面

.2）示意初步于過(guò)去并連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常常和包含此刻在內(nèi)的示意一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如

recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等.如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信.Wehaven’tseenyourecently.近來(lái)我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們分開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩

.年了.ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)還能夠用來(lái)示意過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到此刻這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的差別havebeento重申“去過(guò)”，現(xiàn)已不在那處，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國(guó)去過(guò)三次.（過(guò)去“到美國(guó)”，此刻已“不在美國(guó)”）havegoneto主要重申的是“去了”，此刻人不在說(shuō)話(huà)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如：--Where'syourmother?--你媽媽在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去醫(yī)院了.一布局必然句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其余否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其余一般疑問(wèn)句：have/has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其余Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.No,主語(yǔ)+have/has+not特別疑問(wèn)句：特別疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其余常和此刻達(dá)成時(shí)一同連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)注意:.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)不克不及獨(dú)自與正確時(shí)間連用，(如示意過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)常常同示意不確立的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如already（必然）,yet（否認(rèn)，疑問(wèn)）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(

重復(fù)性時(shí)間

)

，

for+

短時(shí)間，since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間，sofar,howlong句中.......Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?

發(fā)問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)2.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)經(jīng)常與示意頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes

等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)還常常能夠同包括此刻時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三當(dāng)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)與示意短時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定使用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.假如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.若不是和短時(shí)間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)變.英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的差別.連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:示意一個(gè)動(dòng)作能夠連續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.稀有的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等.瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞:示意一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬時(shí)，特別短暫.亦稱(chēng)停止性動(dòng)詞.稀有的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞在達(dá)成時(shí)中如要與示意連續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，往經(jīng)常使意圖思相當(dāng)?shù)倪B續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替代Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他參軍已有3年了.）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有許久了.）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（離家已有許久了嗎？）不用hasleft經(jīng)常使用瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：1、go—beaway2、come—behere3、comeback—beback4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish—beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow—know14、turnon—beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown—sit/beseated17、join—bein（）或beamember18、become—be瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式能夠與示意一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用比如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（許久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了.）四差別下邊三組詞Havebeento示意去過(guò)某地方，可是此刻已經(jīng)回來(lái)Havegoneto示意去了，還未回來(lái)Havebeenin示意向來(lái)在某個(gè)地方五此刻達(dá)成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的差別此刻達(dá)成時(shí)用來(lái)示意從前已發(fā)生或達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其成就確實(shí)和此刻有接洽.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響此刻還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)示意過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不示意和此刻的關(guān)系.IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的.過(guò)去時(shí)示意過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或純真表達(dá)過(guò)去的事情，重申換作；此刻達(dá)成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，重申過(guò)去的事情對(duì)此刻的影響，重申的是影響.過(guò)去經(jīng)常與詳盡的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而此刻達(dá)成時(shí)通常與恍然的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,詳盡的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once

，before,

already,

recently

，

lately此刻

完

成時(shí)

的時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)for,

since,

so

far,

ever,

never,

just,

yet,till

/

until,

up

to

now,

in

past

years,

always,六此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的反義疑問(wèn)句的布局主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其余，have/has+not+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其余，have/has+主語(yǔ)七此刻達(dá)成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析一、觀察其組成助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞"組成此刻達(dá)成時(shí).如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe析：陳說(shuō)句部分含否認(rèn)詞never,簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句部分要用必然式，又因Kate's是Katehas的縮寫(xiě)，應(yīng)選B.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改為否認(rèn)句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already經(jīng)常使用在必然句中，yet經(jīng)常使用在否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句中，故填hasn't,yet.析："so+助/系/神態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)"布局中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句布局中動(dòng)詞形式堅(jiān)持一致，又后句的主語(yǔ)為herparents是復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)選D.二、觀察其用法與標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用此刻達(dá)成時(shí).如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfedB.Have;surfed;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfedD.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：據(jù)

yet

和

before

可知,

應(yīng)用此刻達(dá)成時(shí)，故

1題選

D，2題選

D.(

二)

當(dāng)句中有

"for+

段時(shí)間

"或"since+

點(diǎn)時(shí)間

"等時(shí)，主句經(jīng)常使用此刻達(dá)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語(yǔ)).如：HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.C.sincefor

D.析：主句用的是此刻達(dá)成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)選

C.2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad析：

A、B、C均為非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在必然句中不與表

"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)連用，應(yīng)選D.3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotdidn'thaveD.haven'theard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意為人的來(lái)信"，應(yīng)選B.三、觀察have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)

C."收到或

的差別.

如：1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wentto

B.goneto

C.beenin

D.beento析：據(jù)句中的

have，排除

A，B項(xiàng)意為

"去某地了

"，C項(xiàng)意為"向來(lái)呆在某地"，D項(xiàng)意為"去過(guò)某地"，切合題意，應(yīng)選D.

C.析：此題句中有

"for+

段時(shí)間

"布局，據(jù)此可排除

C，B項(xiàng)意為"去過(guò)某地

"，分歧題意，

D項(xiàng)缺介詞，應(yīng)選

A.四、觀察此刻達(dá)成時(shí)與其余時(shí)態(tài)的接洽和差別

.

如：1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(

改成正確的句子

)析：非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與"段時(shí)間"連用時(shí)，除了把非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或借助句型"It's+段時(shí)間+since+從句"停止句子變換.故答案為：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改為同義句)________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.析：據(jù)上題剖析，且

since

指引的從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)tis,since,came.3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostiscoming

D.析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且對(duì)此刻造成了我不克不及參加音樂(lè)會(huì)的成就，切合此刻達(dá)成時(shí)所示意的含意，應(yīng)選

C.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的演練（一）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.before.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven____Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studied

Ｄ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.saw.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.haveＤ.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyou____becomehere?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.come.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.has

Ｃ.willＤ.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgone

Ｂ.went

Ｃ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeenin

Ｂ.havebeentoＣ.havegoneto

Ｄ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?’ttheytheyD.haven’tthey

C.have19hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworklefttheuniversity二、句型變換.1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(

同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句變換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個(gè)句子歸并成一個(gè)句子)___________________________________________三、漢譯英.我剛才丟了我的化學(xué)書(shū).（just）我從前素來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)阿誰(shuí)農(nóng)場(chǎng).(never)你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？我mm成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年.他們已去了美國(guó)五年了.(for)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)演練（二）I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.come

B.got

C.arrivedbeenMygrandpadied_________.yearsagewas6.tomorrow.D.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.D.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.metD.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.lived

C.haveC.havebeenD.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否認(rèn)句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就劃線(xiàn)部分發(fā)問(wèn))_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫(xiě))I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分發(fā)問(wèn))______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago..Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________th