高中化學方程式大全

高中化學方程式大全金屬堿金屬1.軸Na4Na+O2=2Na：O點燃Cl:+2Na=^=2NaCl2NatS=Na2S（爆炸）2N/2HQ=2NhOH-H工t△2N[i+H：^=2NaH2N/2NH尸2N￡]NH?+H二4Na+TiCLi（熔融）=4NaCl+TiN如0N比0+Hn0=2Nq0H△2N蹌。短?=2>1制O二N配04S0尸NkSO』N+O4co尸N肥CO1N比0+2HC1=2NaCl+HQNa2O>+2Na=2Na2O（此反應用于制備N七O）2N制OE+21hO=4NaOHZht（此反應分兩步N血（X+2H9=2NaOH+H：O5:2Hq,二2鼻0十0"°的制備可利用類似的反應）2Na2O：+2CO2=2Na2co計O2NazCh+H2s04（冷、?。?Na2SO4+H92NaHNaH+H2O=NaOH+H3tNaOH2NaOH十Si十H?O=NaSiCh十2H21△6NaOH+3s=2Na2S+Na2so"HQ2NaOH+2Al+2Hq=2NaA10什3H2t2NaOH（過量rC02=Na￡O共比0NaOH+CO乂過量）=NaHCOs2NaOH4-SiO2=Na2SiO3+H:O（常溫下強減繪便腐蝕玻璃）2NaOH+AI2O3=2NaAIO2+H2O2Na0H+CL=NaCI+NaQ0+H9NaOH+HCI=NaCI+H2ONaOH+H2s（足量）=NaHS+H92NaOH+H2s（少量）=Na?S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCh=Al（OH）3I+3NaCl3Na2so3+2HNOK稀)=3NafOj+2NOf+H】02Na2so葉Ch=2N比S04NaSO，+H2SO4=Na6O4+S+SCh+H?ONazSO3+SO"Hg=2NaHSO3△2NaHSO3=Na：SO3+SO2t+H?0Na2SiOjNa2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3J+2NaClCifhON然CsHsONa十CO?十H?0=QHeH+NaHCOa.肯K△K+O2=KO22K+2H3O=2KOH+H2tK2O、K2O2K9+H20=2K0HK:O+CO2-K2CO32K：：C)2+2CCh=K￡ORH)22K:O>+2H>O=4KOH+O?KOH2KOH+CO2=KCO3+H9KOH十CO尸KHCO3K2COjKK：O#2HC1=2KC1+CO2t+比0K￡0HCaCL=CaC03I+2KCK2CO342AgNO3=Ag2CO3I+2KNO3KHCO3KHCO3+HCI=KCI+CO21+H：0△2KHech—KKORCht+H2OKCIOj△2KCIO3—2KCl+3ChtKC1O3-^HC1=KC1+3CI21+3H9KCIO3+5KCI+3H2SO4=3Chf+3KWh+3H9KJ1+H二O=KOIMH21.理Li△□十O[=LbO2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+HztLhOLi二0+C6Li.CO；LLO+1±0=2Li0HLiOH2LiOH+CO：=LKOM+HeLiOI什CO產LiHC。5LiiCOiLiiC(h+2HCl=2LiCl+CO：t+H20LiHCO5LiHCCh+HCl匚LiCl+CCht+H?A2L】HC(b^=LnC03KXhT也0常見金屬1.1.鎂Mg占燃2Mg+O2=^=^2MgOMg+2H:O=2Mg(OH)2I+H:t盧燃Mg+CL=』MgCL點燃2Mg+CO：=^=2MgOCMg+S=MgSMg十Bm=MgBr23Mg+N?=MgsN2Mg十2HQ=MgCL十H?tMg+H2sO4=MgSO4+H2t2Mg+TiCh(熔融)=Ti+2Mge1?Mg+2RbQ(熔ffl!)=MgCk+2RbMgOMgO+2HCl=MgCL+H9MgO+H2O-Mg(OH)：IMj>(OHhMg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCL+2H9MgCOjMgCO3+2HQ=2MgCb+CO?t+H二OMgCO計2H2O=、M虱OH)?I+CO2f△MgCO3CO2t+MgOMu(hcOj)2Mg(HCOx)2+2HCl=MgCh+2CO:1+2H2O△2Mg(HCO3)2—Mg(OH)2I+CO2t+H?OMgSOjMgSO4+Ba(OH)2=Mg(OH)2J+BaSO4IMgSO4+2NaOH=Mg(OH)：I+NafChIMfcNi22.鋁Al占燃A1+30二t==2AL0,△2AI+3S—AI2S5△2AR3CI2=2AICh4A143Mn02=^2Al2O3+3Mn2AlRoCh-空=ALCh+2Cr2A14-Fc2O3=^=A12Oj4-2Fc(鋁熱反應)2Al+3FeO—ALO?+3Fe2AH6HCl=2AlCh+3H介2AH3H2so尸AL(S05+3HM/△2AH6H60H濃)=AL(SOS+3SO：1+6H2OAl+4HN0；(稀)=AKN06+N0f+2H?0(AkFc在冷、濃的H2so4、HNCh中鈍化)2Al十2NaOH十2Hq=2NaAlCh+3HdAIiOjaAKOHhA12O3+3H2SO4=A12(SO4)3+3H:O(AIQ3是兩性氧化物)ALO3+2NaOH=2NaAK)2+H二0A2AI(OH)3—A1:O3+3H2OAl(0Hh+3HCl=AlCh+3H2O2Al(OH)#3H由O4=A12(SO,3+6HqAl(OHb+NaOH=NaAQ+2比0鋁鹽AlCk+3NaOH=Al(OHhI+3NaCIAICI3+3NH3H2O=A1(OH)3I+3NH4C12A1CL+3NqC0r十3H?O=2AI(OH)3i+3c0?t+6NaCIAlC13+3NaHCO3=Al(OH)3I+3CO2tAlCl5+3NaAlO2-HiH2O=4Al(OH)3IAl2(SO4)3+3Na2S4<)H:O=2Al(OH)3I+3HftAUC3+12H2O=4A1(OH)31+3CKt3.扶Fe2Fe+3ClT^=2FeCL點燃3Fc+2O=-Fc3Ch△Fc+S^^^FcS2Fc+3Br：=2FeB門△Fc+L^^=Fek△Fe+S=FeS聲溫3Fc+4H2O(g)=^=Fc3O4-MH2Fc+2HC1=FcC1HH2tFc+CuCL=FcClyK?uFc+SnCL=FcCb+SnCbFc+H2S=FeS+H212Fc+6H2so?濃)=Fc2(SO)+3SC)2tHiH20Fc+HnSO」(稀尸FcSOj+H?tFe-^HNOa=Fc(NO3)3+3NO:t+3HRFe+4HNO；=Fe(NO3)3+NOt+2H：08Fe+3()HNO^=8Fc(NO05+3N2Ot+15H2Ol()Fc+36HNOi=1OFc(NO.；h+3N2f+I8H2O8Fc+30HNO,=8Fc(NC)03+3NH4NO3刃H9FcYCHrCOO)2cu=Cu十(CH3coO)2FbFeO△3FcO+2Al=Ag+3Fc△6FcO+O二=2Fc3C)4Fc(H4HNO3=Fc(NO3)s+NO2t+2H?0FezOj高溫Fe9#2Al=E=AkCh+2Fe其他金屬.鑄KMnO4△2KMn04:^=K2MnO^Mn02X)2t2KMnO』+l6HCI=2KCl+2MnCL+5cht+8H：02KMiiO#5比。什6HCl=2KC"2MnCI"5ch12KMn04+5KN03+3H2S04=2MiiS04+K>S04+5KNO^+2H:PMnO?AMnChHHCl(濃y^=M】iCLKLt+2H9.銅Cu△2Cu+O2=2CuO△2Cu+S=Cu2SCiHCL叁雪CuCbCH4十4CuO=4Cu+CO?十2Hg△3CuO+2NHCu+N?+3比OCiQ+2HCl=CuCL+H?OC11O+H2SO4=CilSO4+H2OCii(OHR+2HC1=CiiCk+2HM)Cu(OH)2+H2SO4=CiiSO4+2H2O△Cu(OH)2^=Cu(HH2OCuCL+HS=CuSI+2HC1CuCl:+2NaOH-Cu(OH)2I+2NaClCiiSO4+H2S=CuSI+H2SO4Ci】SO4+2NaOH=Qi(OH)2I+Na變0」CiiSO4+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)2I+BaSO4I.第CaCaO+H2O-Ca(OH>2CaO+SiO2=^=CaSiO32Ca(OHX+2CL=Ca。葉Ca(ClOL+2H;OCa(0H)2+S03=CaS0HH9CaCCh+2HNO3=CaCNOvh+HrOCO，/(用HNCh和濃H2s04不能制備H￡、Hl、HBr、SO?等還原性氣體)高濕CaCO#SiOz—CaSiCh+CChtCaFz+H2soM濃)=CaSO什2HFtCg(PO眾+3H2soM濃)=3CaSO4+2H3PO」CDC.、一,與口_CC./汕、一，CcCC.，八c/U-DCBaCL十HSO-BaSCUI+2HC1BaCL+Na2s04=BaS0uI+2NaClBaCO^2HCI=BaCh+CO2t+H20BaCO3+2HNOs=BaCNOak+CO：t+H2BaO#H2so4(稀)=BaSO4J+H2O2)5,鉛Pb、PI>02Pb+2HCl=PbClz+H2t」△PbCh+4HCl(濃)^=PbC12￡ht+2H：0鉛鹽Pb(NO.S十比S=PbSl十2HN0?(CH3coO)?Pb+Hf=PbSI+CHC00H.鋅Zn△Zn+S==ZnSZn+2HCl=ZnC12+H2tZn+H二SO4=ZnSO4+H2tZn+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+H2tZn+2FeCh=2FcCI2+ZnCI2As2O；+6Zn+12HCI=2AsH；t+6ZnCb+3HgZnOZnO+2HCl=ZnCh+ILOZnO+2NaOH=NazZnOHHgZn(OHhZn(OHL+2H。=ZnCL+2H2OZn(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+2HgZn(OH)2+4NH3?H2O=Zn(NH；)4(OH)2±4H2O△Zn(0H)2:^=Zi10+Hq.鉞2鹵族元素、氮族元素鹵族元素.箴.丘F2+H2=2HF2F2+2HiO=4HF+O2HF4HF+S10尸SiF4+2Hg.氯CLCL+H2=2H。（光照或點燃）CI2+2Na=^l=2NaCl3Cl2+2P=O=2PChCh+PCh=^=PCl53cL+2Fe^^=2FeChCk+Cu空叁GiCLCl2+2FeCl2=2FeC152CL+2NaBr=2NaQ+B門Cl2+2KI=2KCl+h5CI2+I2+6H2O=2H1O3+10HC1Ck+Na2s=2NaQ+SIC12+H2S=2HC1+SIO2+SO2+2H9=H:SO4+2HC1CL十H2so什壓O=HfOH2HClC12+H:O=HC1+HC1OC12+H2O2=2HCI-bO2Cl2+2NaOH=NaCRNaClO+H2O2Cl：+2Ca（OH）2=CaC12+Ca（C10）2+2H203CL+6KOH（熱、濃）=5KQ+KClCh+3H2。HC16HQ十2A1=2A1CL+3H2t2H0+Fe=FeCL+H2t△4HC1（濃）十MnO?—MnCL-CL+2HB△2HCl+FeO=FeC12+3H2O6HQ+Fc93=2FcCL+3H8一△8HQ（濃）+Fs0」=^FcCL+2FcCb+4比0HCl+Na.；PO4=Na2HPO4-i-NaCIHQfNaiHPO』=NaH?PO#NaQHCl+NaHzPOu=H；P04+NaClHCl+Na2CO3=NaHCO3+NaClHCl+NaHCO?=NaCl+H2O+CO2HCIOHQO=HC10t.謨Br：△Br2+H?=2HBrBn4Fc=FcB門Br?+2FeBr2=2FeBnBry+Nal=NaBrH二Br2+H（=HBr+I2B門+H?O=HBr+HBrOBn+NaOH=NaBr+NzBrO+HOB門+SO2+2H9=H2SO』+2HBrBm+H￡=SI+2HBr2Br?+3Na2CCh+H二O=2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaB什CO?tHBrHBr+NaOH=NaBr+H：O2HBHCl2=2HCRBr2.碘h12+H2- t2HIh+Fe—^—Fei：I2+2NaOH=Nal+NalO+H2O氮族元素N#3H2 催化/JNFb高.*高壓NiMh里=2N0占燃N什3MgMg3N2N2-b6Na=2NasNNO、NO?、N2O52N0+O2=2N€)2N0+N0:+2Na0H=2NaNO2(用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的NO和NO：)催化劑6NO+4N出=^5N?+6比ONO什2K【+H8=N0+L+2KOH(不能用淀粉K1溶液鑒別澳蒸氣和NOQ4NCh+FhS=4NO十SCh+H?ONCh+SO2=SO3+NO3NO：十比0=2HNO3十NON2Os+H2O=2HNOaHNOi3HNO計AgFCh=H；PO」+3AgNChA1+4HNCH桶)=A1(NO6+NOt+2H：O3Ass+28HNOH4Hg=6H3Ase)_rH)H6Od28NOt,△4HNCh(濃)長一CO?t+4NO?t+2H：O2HNOsCaCO.=Ca(NOO2+H2O+CO>t6HNO3+Fc=Fc(NO3)3+3NO?t+3H：O4HNCh+Fc=Fc(NO3)3+NOt+2H:O3OHNO3+8Fe=XFc(NO3h+3N：Ot+15H：O36HNO；+10Fc=10Fc(NO3h+3N2t+I8H2O3OHNO3+8Fe=XFc(NOsh+SNHiNOj-^H^OFeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3).；+NO21+2比03比S+2HNO式稀)=3SI+2NO+4H:O4HNO產4NO?+O2+2H?O(見光或受熱分解)AsS+28HNO4濃）=2H3AsO4+3H6Or+28NO2t48HqNIL2NH3+3CiiO=^=3Cu4-N2+3H2O2NH?+3cL=N?+6HC18NH3+3CL=Ni+6NHjC1占燃4NH?十30乂純氧）^^2Nh6H9催化劑4NH3+5Of=^4NO+6HQ4NHa+6NO==5N：+6HO（用氯清除NO）NH?+HC1=NH4C1（白煙）NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3（白煙）2NH?十H￡O4=（NH0￡O』NH5+NaCl+H2O+CO2=NaHCO3I+NH4CI（侯氏制減法）2NH?十SO?十H?O=（NH4）2SO3△NIh-IhO=Nlht+ILONH4IICOj>（Nll4>2CO3NHqHCOkNHHHwCHCO?（NHQ2cO?=2NH3t+H2cH€（%tINH4CINH4CQNH3+HCI△2NH4Cl+Ca（OH）2=CaCl2+NH3t+H9△NH4Cl+NaOH—NaCl+NH.3t十H?ONHjCl+NaOH=NaCI+NH3?H：ONH4NO3NH^NO計NaOH=NaNO；+NH；?H：O△NH4NO3+NaOH^=NaNCh+NHat+H：O5NH4NO：=^=2HNO；+4N?t+9Hg（NILhSOs、（NILkSOj11P+15CuSO*+24H9=5C期P+6HmPON15Hs。4PH什20產出PO4PzOj>PiO^P4SjPa+HLO（冷）:2HPOjP：0什3HMX熱）=2出PCU（P：6極易吸水,可作氣體干燥劑）Pgs+3H券OH濃）=2HW。產3SO3P2O?+2NaOH-2NaPO3+H;OpgqKSNaOH=2N國P&+3任OPS+3XHN0_；+?L0=9比SO#12H：PO4^3HNOIH>POj4HFOjZ?船（P0+=3Ca（比PO止H3POK濃計NaBr=NaH2Po療HBrH出04（濃汁Nul=NaH[PO4+Hl3碳族元素、氧族元素碳族元素1.碳cC+2Fz=CF"C+2Ch=CC14占燃2c十0乂少昂三2co占燃C+0?（足戕）金^8二△OCOz—2COC+H20/^=C0+Hi（生成水煤氣）△2C+SiO2—Si+2C0（制得粗硅）△C+Si—SiC（金剛砂）C+2S=^CS2電爐3C+Ca0=CaG+C0t電爐3C+SQ=SiC+2cot,△C+2H2s。4（濃）=C0?t+2SO21+2H9?△C+4HNO3（濃）^=C021+4NO2t+2H?0CO點燃2COK）2=^=^2C0：△CO+CuOCu-HDOz3co+FeO^=2Fe+3cChCO+HzO硅化電△CO2+H2co2CO2+2Mg==^=2MgO+Ccc）2+H2O=h2co3CO2+2NaOH（過銅）=NazCO.^HzOCCh（過量）+NaOH=NaHCChCOybCa（OH）2（過量）=CaCO?I+H：02CO2（il^）+Ca（OH）2=Ca（HCO3）2C0z+2NaAlO2+3H2O=2A1（0HI十N3CO；COrK：6HONa+H9==GHQH+NaHCChCOz+NazONa2coM2co?+2Nh（）2=2Na2co3+O2CO2+NH3+NaCI+H2O=NaHCO3I+NH4C1（侯氏制成法）H2€O3H2CO3=CO21+H：02.硅△Si（粗）+2CL=SiCL△SiCL+2氏=^=Si（純）+4HQ△Si（粉）Hh=SiCh△SiK'=^=SiC（金剛砂）S計2NaOH+HQ=Na50、+2比SiO2△2C+SiO:—Si+2CO電爐3C+SiO2^=SiC+2COt2Mg+SQ2MgO+Si2Mg+SQ2MgO+Si4HF十SiOz=SiF4十2H2△SiO2+2H2^=Si+2H2O△S1O2+2Mg-2MgO+$iSiO2K：aO=^=CaSiO3S1O2十2NaOH=Na?SiO計比0（常溫下強堿級慢腐蝕玻璃）W1SiCh+N比CCh=^=NaSO#CO?AClISiO24€aCO^=^=CaSiO3+CO：2NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiOs+H2O氧族元素0#2H二比00#K=KChJi滋2O2+3Fe^^Fe5O4占燃O2+S=^=SO2放電0二十N20■旦-2NO3O2tM^2Os4P+5O：2Po4P+5O：2PoJ，燃CHh(足量)T』C()2△Si+O?=SiO二4Na-tO2=2Na?O△2Na9他=2NaQ22Na+02=Na922Mg+oT^=2MgO4Al+3O?=^=2ALCh催化劑4NH什502==4NO十6H2O△2SO"Ch^=2SO?2CO+O2=^=^：2CO2A6FeO+O：'IFe^O.i2H二SO計O?=2H2SOt4Fc(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)52Na二SO3+O二=2Na2s0」O3203=30：0j+2HI==1>O>-fH20H2O2g+2H9=4HF+O2C12+H2O=HCI+HCIO2Na+2Hq—ZNaOH+MtMg+2H2O=Mg(OH)2+H2tAL.J??ZXZ、 ''' LZA.2H2O>=2H2O+O21H0+CL=2HC1+025Hg2+2KMnO4+6HQ=2MnCh+2KQ+5O21+8H?02.流S△S+H?=H2s△2S-K:^=CS2△S+Fc FeS△S+2Cu Cu：S△3S+2A1—ALSs△S+ZnZnS占卷S+O2^^SO2S+<）HN03（濃）=H￡0產6N0]t十2H93s+4HN0,（?。?3SC>2t+4N0t+2H：0△3s+6NaOH^=2Na6+Na2SOa+3H9S+2Na=NwS（爆炸）S+Mg=MgS△S+Fc^=FeSS+2H2SOj（濃）=3S。？t+2比0SO：SO什2H2s=3S+2Hg2SO2+O^=^2SC>32SO?+O2+2HQ=2H?SO4SO2+CI2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCISO2+Bn+2Hg=H;SO4+2HBrSO2+l2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HISO2+NO尸SO3+NOSO2+2Hf=3S+2H9SO2+H2O=H2SO5SO2+2NH3+H2O=（NH4）2SO3S0：：+Na20=Na?SC）4SO3+2KJ=K2sO3+I2H2s比S+CL=2HC1+SIH?S+Mg=MgS+H22H?S+3Ch（足量尸2so?+2H：02H：S+O2（少量）=2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OHR+比SO”濃）=SI+SO2+2H2O△h2s=h>+s3HS+2HNOM?。?3SI+2N0+4H95H2s+2KMnO二十3H2so4=2MnSCU十K2so.十5s十8H2O3H2S:KKrzChHH二SO4=Cr2（SO6+K2SO4+3S+7H2OH?S+4Na9什2H9=N比$04+6Na0HH2S+Fc=FcS+HVH2S4-CuCI2=CuSI+2HCIH2S+2AgNO3=Ag2SI+2HNO3H2S+HgCl2=HgSI+2HC1H2s+Pb（N032=PbSI+2HN0jH6+4NO2=4NCHSO3+H2OH2SO3比SO3+X2+Hq=H6O4+2HX（X表示Cb、Bn、I2）2H:SO；+O2=2H：SO4H2SO3+H2O2=H6O4+H2O5H6CH+2KMnO4=2MiiSO4+K?SCh+2HTSO4+3比0H2SOH2FcC13+H9=HeSO4+2FcCI2+2H。H2SOs=H2O+SO2t2H2so什2H?S=3S1+2H9H2SO4Zn+H2sokZnSCh+HztFc+-H2SO4—FeSO^H2tMg+H2s04=MgS04十比t2A1+3Hls04=Ak（S06+3H2t工 △2A1MH60式濃）^=AL（SOj）3+3SO21+6H2O2NH/H2so4=（NH）S0j一△2AH6H2so式濃）^=AL（SO4）3+3SO21+6H：OHf+H604（濃）=SI十SO十2H2OP2O5+3H2so4（濃）=2H3Po4+3SO3BaCh+H60”稀尸BaSCh+H9。Na^Ch+FhSOj（冷、稀）=Na2sCU+H?。？MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2OALOs+3H2sO4=AL（S0」）r+3HzO,A2H￡0」（濃）+C^=C02t+2S0：t+2Hq2H2soM濃）+S=3SO21+2H2O6H2soM濃H2Fe=Fs（SO6+3SO21-K）H20,△2H￡0」（濃）+Cu=CuS04+SCht+2H2O△H6CU（濃）+2HBr^=SO2+Bn+2Hg△HSOj（濃）+2HI—SO?+L+2H20HfOj（濃）+CaF2=CaSO4+2HFt△HfO*濃）+NaCl=^=NaHS04+HCltH6C）4（濃）+2NaCl_'ZNa60」+2HCl?△H2SO4（）+NaN0?=^=NaHSO4+HNO3t3H2soM濃HCa3（POQ2=3CaSO4+2H3PO42HfO」（濃H€aKP0j）2=2CaS0」+Ca（H2PO4）2有機反應煌L甲烷CsQ甲烷的制?。篊KCOONa+NaOH t烷始通式：C舊加工(1)氧化反應 點燃一甲烷的渤燒：CH4+2O2 *C0#2H9甲烷不M使酸性高毓酸鉀溶液及漠水褪色。(2)取代反應 *尤一氯甲烷：CFLX21———H；C1+HC1坨:氯甲烷；CHsCl+Ck———>CHzCh+HClx三氯甲烷：CHjCh+Cl：- >CHCh+HCI(CHCL又叫鼠仿》7k四氯化碳：CHCh+CL >CCh+HCl而溫⑶分解反應而溫圖I乙烯的制取煌的生物圖2乙快的制取注意：制取乙儺、乙塊均用排水法收集：乙烯、乙快的加成反應一般都需要催化劑（溟除外）。.澳乙烷純凈的澳乙烷是無色液體，沸點3X.4。，密度比水大。<1）取代反應 NaOU溟乙烷的水解：CzHs-Br+HzO———>GHq—OH+HBr（2）消去反應 ?3濱乙烷與NaOH溶液反應：CHsCHzBr+NaOH--一~>CH2=CH2t+NaBr+H:O注意：檢瞼鹵代屋中的鹵原子時，需取水解液滴入HNO二酸化，再滴加AgNCh溶液。一是中和多余的NnOH.二則檢驗沉淀是否溶于稀硝酸°.乙醵（1）與鈉反應乙醇與鈉反應；2CH?CH2OH+2Na >2CH.CH2ONa+H2t（乙醇鈉）（2）輒化反應乙醇的燃燒；CH3CH2OH+3O2 球苦。計3比。乙和的催化軾化：2cMeH9H+0j ->2cH3cH。十2H9（乙醛）注意：當2?丙尊發(fā)生催化氧化時，會生成丙酮，而非丙酸。9H O高中化學方程式總結,第13頁，共23頁2cHlCH-CH2cHlCH-CH計On催化劑>2cHlC—CH計2H（丙酮）（3）消去反應乙醇在濃硫酸作催化劑的條件下，加熱到170C生成乙烯。注意：該反應加熱到i4（rc時，乙醇進行另一種脫水方式，生成乙融。濃偌的2aH、0H一而;7。GH—O-JHdHQ（乙酷）（4）取代其詼乙醉與鹵化氮取代：CH；CH2OH+HBr---X,HEKBr+H?。注意：乙醇不可以和鹵素單質發(fā)生取代反應。.茶酚苯酚是無色晶體，落置在空氣中會因領化他粉紅色。苯酚具有特殊的氣味，

熔點43七，水中溶解度不大，易溶于右機溶劑。茶酚有蠡，是一種重要的化匚原料（1）苯酚的酸性廣廠。H^NaOH >廣廠ONa十比。（苯的鈉）笨酚（俗林石炭酸）的電離：0°"出。=0-+H。紫勖鈉與C02反應3「。'%。2+比0 >[)!0H+NaHCO\注意：該反應只能生成NaHCCh,因為HCO、酸性弱于茶酚。（2）取代反應 0Hr^P0Ha3Br? > <+3HBr| （三澳笨酚）（3）顯色反應 Br系酚能和FeCh溶液反應，使溶液呈紫色。.乙酷乙醛是無色，具有剌激性氣味的液體,沸點20.8C,密度比水小.易揮發(fā)。（1）加成反應0/雄上切"后山.ru、一r—u-4-u、一這是一鐘期或化劑，可以或化乙斑.生成Ag。有關制各的方鋁式：Agf+NH??比0-AgOHI4NH4AgOH+2NH-HoO=[AglNFh)"+OH+2H：O乙醛還原於氣化銅；CHiCHO+2Cu(OH)：―-~~H?H3COOH+CU:O+2H:OC3) 二」一定務件乙醛自身加聚："CHKHO―^ ->-fCH-O^(聚乙醛)C&0H(酚瓶樹脂)甲醍與笨的反應：〃HCHO十〃OH“催工」》十人LCHvh+2/4七0一△IJJ"(酚瓶樹脂).乙酸(I)乙酸的酸性乙酸的電離：CHCOOH一CHSOO+HC2)酯化反應0 O濃敏酸 II 3cCH3-C-OH+C2H5—OH^r—CH；-C-OC:Hs^H:O《乙酸乙酶)注意，酸和膂起作用，生成酯和水的反應叫傲能化反應附加；酯化反應相介(I)反應條件：一般富加熱，用濃硫酸作催化劑W吸水劑。(2)反應物二笄廷任意的芽，依既可以是有機酸，也可以是無機金氏酸。如:CHz-ONO：ICH-ONO：CH2-ONO2?3HiOTOC\o"1-5"\h\zCHz-OH催化劑3HO—NCMCH-OH CHz-ONO：ICH-ONO：CH2-ONO2?3HiOCHi-OH(3〉反應機理；一般走孜酸既羥基等胱或，且殖品與醇君基數目比為1:1。為:0=（:十OH HFOGH，濃磁酸OC-OC2H5I： +： 7^^ ? +2H，0O=C-tOHH,oc如Ao=c—OCM2 1 （乙一忸一乙fth）(4)反應方式<1>一元醇與一元次酸接通式反應;R—COOH+HO—R'-RCOOR'卅0<2>二元浚酸與二元耨，可以酯化成域,并形成高分子化合物.如：oowHO-CHzCHz-OH+nHOOC-^》-COOH」”，十^一1一0佻(;比一0±+2〃出0也可酯化成環(huán)狀小分子酯.C1L-CIL00濃酸酸c—c+CHZM—III| △OHOHOHOH<3>羥基潑酸可自身鉛化成環(huán)狀內幅。如：O濃僦酸CHz-CHz-COOH-■?CHz-C+H：0I △II依心醍2CHi—CH-COOH -ch/CH,CH,C-HCR10hiio—ch—coonCHj0*十0-CH—金七t川上。^CHsCOONarCjhOHCl)求解反應^CHsCOONarCjhOHCl)求解反應CHjCOOCzH^HzO^(2)中和反鹿CHjCOOC>H?+NaOHIL匕改匕焦乙酸乙酯是一種帶有仔味的無色油狀液體無機殿=^CHCOOHTHOH糖類、油脂、蛋白質12團萄娜結構:CHQH-CHQH^CHOfi—CHOH^CHOH-CHO物理性嶇'白色晶棒，耕溶于水.有甜味.化學性質：①具燈還原性：能發(fā)生根腌反應，能與新制的鞋氣化恫反應：成反應；與Hi反應;③電化反應：與裝酸反應；④分解反應：在酒化薛作用F,分斕為乙麟和CO：)⑤#?燒生成C6和H9.他常處的燃燒【CH◎,內0尸6匚出巾11。<1藕熊的機化上CHiOH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NJ'k)-OH—>^^―?(HOH(CE(Q!il4CXX)\H4+2AgI+5NH>+H*OCH-OHfCHOHijCHO-ZCuCOHL^^CH.OHlCHOHhCOOHCu.O\+2HiO他公假的還朦:相帶精的分解.-dCHOMCHOHlLH：-2T^*CH：0WCH0HlC凡OHCMa.2cH.cH9H+2C0-13重特，*第睛蔗bs的水解；UiWzO產讓kcvcjia電” 幽幽他果精笈芽糖的水解；CI56產出0^-匕山2cH:。費將骷 就的戡注意；庶停不臺用叫K不可以發(fā)生銀鉞反應：」￡苧棘中以發(fā)'匕出設亞雇.那化刑離子反應3Fc'+NO；+4H=3Fc"+NOt+2HRF小4=FeSI2Fc>+C12=2Fc3^2C1(向FcBr：溶液中通入少量Ch)2FE4+4Br+3cL=2FcA+2Br2+6Cl(足最CL)2Fe-+2Br+2Ch=2Fe3+Br2+4C1(當w(FeBr2)/>7(Ch)=l:l時)6Fe^+10Br+8CI2=6Fe3^5Br2-t-16Cr(當w(FeBr2)/w(C12)=3:4時)2Fc2++4l+3Cb=2Fe升十2L+6C1(向Feb溶液中足量。2)2Fc>+6I+4CL=2Fc3r312+8C「(當gh)/〃(CL)=3：4時)F*+3OH=Fc(OH)aI2Fe3+Cu=2Fc2+Cu22Fe3++Fe=3FL2Fe34-t-Zn=2Fe>+Zn^2Fe3l+3Zn=2Fc+3Zn2+FcFHCO,=Fc(OH)jI+3co2fFc>+3AIO；+6Hq=Fc(OH)3J+3AI(OH)3i2Fc*+3c0；+3H9=2Fc(0HbI+3CO2t2Fe3rH2s=2Fe"+SI+2H+2Fc3十4S"=2Fc2十4SI2Fe3+4-2r=2Fci+4-I22Fe3+S0：+2H：0=2Fe2(+SO；+4H+Fe"+3SCN=Fe(SCN)3(紅色溶液)F*+3H?0=Fe(OH)式膠體)+3FT%0+2田=12十+比0FsCh+6H+=Fc3X3HgFsCU+gH'=Fc"+2F『+4HqFeS+2Hi=Fe2HH2StH3OH+0H=H：02H：O+2Na=2Na+2OH+H：t2H2O+2Na2O2=4Na4-4-4OH4-0：1H2O+Na2O=2Na』2OHH2O+C12=C1+H4-HC10H2O2H2O2+2I+2H+=L+2HzOH2O2+2Fe2++2H+=2FcX+2H9NaHCO3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水）HCO；+Ca2+0H=CaCO；I+H20（足量澄清石灰水）HCO~+Ca2+OH=CaCO3I+H2O（向Ca（HCO3）2溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液）2HCO；丑:/十20H=CaCChI+2H9+CO；（Ca（HCC>3）2溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液）HCO、十OH=CO；+比0（向NH4HCO?溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液）HCO、+NH；+2OH-CO:+H2O+NH.x-H：0（向J < JNH4HCO;溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液）2HCO.+S02=SO；'+CO2t+H2OHCO；+A1O；+HO=A1（OH）31十CO：H3PO4系列HFO4^^H++H>POjH2PO4^=iH++HPO；HPOj；F=iH+PO：H3Po4+OH-=H.PO；+H2Oh2po4+oh-=hpo；+h2oHP0j+0H-=P0j+H20PO： HPOj+0HHPO；+H2O^=^H,PO4+OHH2PO4+Hq=^H3PO4+OH-H'+PO；=HPO；H+HPO；=H:PO4H+H,PO4=H3P04h2s系列H6=^HTHSHSk^HWH+S2=HSH