北京市密云區(qū)2023高考英語閱讀理解系列訓(xùn)練（28）及答案

第頁密云區(qū)2023高考英語閱讀理解系列訓(xùn)練〔28〕及答案Passage***Intellectualproperty(IP)isaproductofthemindthathascommercialvalue．Theconceptdatesbackto1623,whenthefirstpatentlawtoprotectIPrightswaspassed．IPrightsprotectanartistfromhavinghis/hercreativeideascopiedbyanother．Forexample,ifsomebodygeneratesanideaforanovel,thatideaisprotectedbyIPrights．Ifsomeoneelsewishestorepresenttheideaordevelopitfurther,he/shemustconsulttheoriginalartists,whowillnormallyberewardedfinanciallyforitsuse．Backinthe17thcentury,IPrightswereprimarilycarriedouttoprotectnewlydevelopedmanufacturingprocessesagainststealing,buttoday,intellectualpropertyrights,arealsoenjoyedbythosewhocreatemusic,artandliterature．Inrecentyears,IPrightshavebeenthefocusofagreatdealofdiscussionbecauseofatechnologywhichlookssettoweakenthemaltogether:theInternet．Manyyearsago,ifyouwantedarecordingofasong,youwouldhavetopurchaseitfromamusicstore;ifanovel,fromabookstore．Inthosedays,IPrightswereeasilyprotectedsinceitwasverydifficulttoobtainintellectualpropertywithoutpayingforit．However,alotofIP,includingsongs,films,booksandartwork,canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet．Thispracticehasnowtakentheworldbystorm,dramaticallyaffectingthewayinwhichweviewIPrights．68．Accordingtothewriter,inthebeginning,IPrightsweremainlyofuseto______．A．thosecreatingmusic,artandliteratureB．novelistsC．engineersandinventorsD．thosenotreceivingfinancialrewardfortheirwork69．WhatdoweknowabouttheInternetaccordingtothepassage?A．ItmakesIPrightshardertoprotect．B．Itsellssongsandfilms．C．ItdoesnotaffectthewayweunderstandIPrights．D．Itpreventstheproductionofartwork．70．AccordingtoParagraph2,whathas“takentheworldbystorm〞?A．Intellectualpropertyrights．B．TheInternet．C．Freedownloading．D．Thelargenumberofsongs,filmsandbooks．71．Apossibletitleforthispassagecouldbe______．A．AHistoryofIPRights B．WaystoProtectYourIPRightsC．ThePresentandtheFutureofIP D．IPRightsandOurAttitudes4.答案68.C69.A70.C71.D******************************************************結(jié)束Passage***“Oldwivestales〞arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother,Forexample,mostofusrememberourpatents’tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftimeDidyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?ScientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegenerationEatingjustonecarrotadaycanreducethepossibilityofgettingthisdiseaseby40%.Garlic〔蒜〕isgoodforyou,too。Itcankillthetypeofvirusthatcausescolds.Unfortunately,notallofMom’sadvicepassedthetestofmedicalstudies.Forexample,generationsofchildrenhavebeentoldnottogoswimmingwithinanhouraftereating.Butresearchsuggeststhatthereisnodangerindoingso.Dosweetscausetoothproblems?Well,yesandno.stickysweetsmadewithgrainstendtocausemoreproblemsthansweetsmadewithsimplesugars.Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales,Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated〔積累〕fromthousandsofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwatershouldrespectthisbodyofknowledgeevenasresearchforclearscientificsupporttoprovenittrueorfalse48.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext？[來源:Z§xx§k.Com]A,EatinggarlicisgoodforoureyesB,Stickysweetsaredamagingtoourteeth[來源:1]C,Swimmingafteramealisdangerous。D,Carrotspreventpeoplefromcatchingcolds49.Theauthordevelopsthethirdparagraphmainly。[來源:Z*xx*k.Com]A.bycauseandeffectsB.byorderinspaceC.byorderintimeD.byexamples50.Thephrase“holdwater〞inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans“〞A.tobebelievableB.tobevaluableC.tobeadmirableD.tobestable51Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward“oldwives’tales〞inthetext?A.SoobjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious2.答案48.B49.D50.A51.B***********************************************************結(jié)束Thereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteorites(隕星)havehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(白堊紀(jì)期)ofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth'shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologists(古生物學(xué)者)becauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsediment(沉積物)depositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.Thissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridium(銥)andotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrust(地殼)ofEarth.Evendiluted(稀釋)bytheterrestrial(地球的)materialexcavated(挖掘)fromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.Theexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacid(硝酸)andmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonewaythatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous]D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.6.Accordingtoparagraph3,howdidscientistsdeterminethatalargemeteoritehadimpactedEarth?A.TheydiscoveredalargecraterintheYucatregionofMexico.B.Theyfoundauniquelayerofsedimentworldwide.C.TheywerealertedbyarchaeologistswhohadbeenexcavatingintheYucatregion.D.Theylocatedameteoritewithamassofoveratrilliontons.7.Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueoftheimpactattheendoftheCretaceousperiodEXCEPT:A.AlargeamountofdustblockedsunlightfromEarth.B.Earthbecamecoldanddarkforseveralmonths.[來源:學(xué)|科|網(wǎng)]C.NewelementswereformedinEarth'scrust.D.Largequantitiesofnitricacidwereproduced.8.Thephrasetentativelyidentifiedinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto____________.A.identifiedwithoutcertainty B.identifiedaftercarefulstudy C.occasionallyidentified D.easilyidentified9.Paragraph6supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspecies?A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.參考答案5-9CBCAB [來源:學(xué)&科&網(wǎng)Z&X&X&K]********************************************************結(jié)束[來源:Zxxk.Com]〔201*·湖北卷〕Howlingisabehaviorcommonlyobservedamongawolfnark.Ananimals,wolvesworktogethertohuntandrelyonhowlingwasanimportantmeansofcommunicationeachother.Therearedifferentexplantsofawolf’showlanditappearsthattheremaybemoretodiscover.

Onetheoryisthatwolveshowltobendbettertogether.It’salmostasifhowlingtogetherhelpsthepackstaytogether.Perhapssomethingsimilartopeoplefeelingasenseofinvolvementwitheachotherwhensingingasongtogether.Butthistheorymaybewrong,explainsFredH.Harington,aprofessorwhostudieswolfbehavior.

Indeed,therehavebeentineswhenwolveshavebeenseenonemomenthowlinginaexhorts,andthenext,quarrelinganionseachother.Itappearsthatusuallythelowest-tankingmenthesofthepackmayactuallybe“punished〞forJoininginthechursattimes.Soishowlingawaytostrcagthenasocialboadorjustawaytoreconfirmstatusamongitsmembers?——Whydowelveshowlforsure?Whatiscleat,however,isthathowlingisoftenusedamongpackmatestolocateeachother.Huntinggroundsaredistantandithappensthatwolovesmayseparatefromoneanotherattimes.Whenthishappens,howlingappcarstobeanercellentmeansofgathering.Howling,interestingly,isacontagiousbehaviour.Whenonewolfstartstohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccatinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingsomesotrof“rollrall〞wherewolvesallhowltogetertohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccarinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingwsomesotrof“rollcall〞wherewolvesallhowltogethertorepotrtheirpteence.55.Whattheporsimilaritybetweenwolves’howhumaestinginchorus?A.Theactofcallingeachother.B.thesenseofaccomplishment.[來源:Zxxk.Com]C.Theactofhuntingforsomething.D.Thesenseofbelongingtoagroup.56.WhydoesHarringtonthinkthe“secialboad〞theorymaybewrong?A.Wolvesseparatefromeachotherafterhowling.B.Wolvestendtoprotecttheirhuntinggrounds.C.Wolvessometimeshavequarrelsafterhowlingtogether.D.Wolvesoflowrankareencouragedtojoininthechorus.57.Reseatchersaresurethatwolvesoftenhowlto______.A.showtheirranksB.C.repotrthemissingonesD.expresstheirlonelingess58.“Howling…isacontagiousbehaviour〞(inthelastparagraph)means_______.A.howlingisasignalforhuntingB.howlingisawayofcommunicationC.howlingaftenoccursinthemorningD.howlingspreadsfromonetoanother【答案】DCBD*************************************************************結(jié)束閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項〔A，B，C，D〕中，選出最正確選項。ARecentstudiessuggestthatfamilyarrangementsinWesternsocietieshavenotchangedasmuchinthelastfewcenturiesasisgenerallybelieved.Yetmostsociologistsagreethatinmodernsocieties,therearefeweropportunitiesforfriendshipandsupportfromrelatives.Parentsandchildrenoftenliveapartfromotherrelatives,andseldomvisitthem.Also,thefamilymoveswhenaparentacceptsajobinanotherplaceorwhenitdecidestoliveinabetterneighbourhood.Together,lonelinessandmobility(遷移)forceimmediatefamilymemberstodependheavilyononeanotherforaffectionandcompanionship.Becausethefamilyisoneofthefewongoingsourcesofaffectionandcompanionshipinmodernsocieties,ahighpercentageofpeoplecontinuetomarry,eventhoughitispossibleforasinglemanandwomantolivetogetherwithoutmarrying.Ontheotherhand,becauseaffectionandcompanionshiphavebecomesoimportant,familiesaremorelikelytobreakupifthehusband’sorwife’semotional(情感的)needsarenotmetwithinthefamilyc