（課標(biāo)通用）2023高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題19篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題教學(xué)案

PAGEPAGE8專題19篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題考綱展示命題探究1命題方式的特點(diǎn)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查考生在理解全文的根底上對文章描述事件的開展、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)或論述觀點(diǎn)過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推理、分析和總結(jié)的能力。2常見的設(shè)問方式(1)Howisthepassageorganized?(2)Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(3)Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby______.3篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題的考前須知考生在做該題型時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理解段落層次之間的關(guān)系，弄清作者的寫作方法。英語的文章講究使用主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，主題句根據(jù)段落的寫作手法的不同可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。段與段之間常用詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比擬、類比等手法來透徹說明主題觀點(diǎn)。[考法綜述]該類題主要考查文章開展的脈絡(luò)、各段落的層次關(guān)系以及寫作手法，如舉例、比擬、類比等論證手法。命題法1段落組織方法典例1Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitable,business,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld'secologicalbalance.Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea'sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecies(物種)thatdependonthetrees'flowersandfruits.Full－suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威脅)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests'plantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally,andeventuallytheworld'sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(種植園)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld'sclimate,andstudiesshowthatthelossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?(P：Paragraph)[答案]A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段介紹了陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)的話題；二、三、四段介紹了陽光充足的咖啡生產(chǎn)帶來的破壞；第五段勸說人們?nèi)ベ徶脤Νh(huán)境有利的陰涼處種植的咖啡，所以是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選A?！窘忸}法】段落組織方法的解題思路(1)通讀全文，把握各段大意。(2)確定段落組織框架。①總分式：總分；分總；總分總。②并列式：段落之間是平行關(guān)系。③對照式：一正一反。命題法2寫作方法(論證方法)類典例2Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(農(nóng)村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion(時(shí)刻)oratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(興旺)intheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies(預(yù)示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby________.A．usingexamples B．makingcomparisonsC．a(chǎn)nalyzingcauses D．describingprocesses[答案]A篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文列舉了不同文化背景下慶?；顒?dòng)中的飲食文化。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)?！窘忸}法】寫作方法(論證方法)類解題思路(1)通讀全文或某段，分析寫作手法。(2)確定寫作方法展開方式：①時(shí)間順序；②空間順序；③例證關(guān)系；④比照或類比關(guān)系。Passage1限時(shí)：6分鐘體裁：議論文題材：科學(xué)生活類難度：中詞數(shù)：320Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesthatarebroughtabouteq\a\vs4\al(P1)bynewtechnologyareoftenmistakeneq\a\vs4\al(W1)forachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very〞or“somewhat〞overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitorieseq\a\vs4\al(W2).Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday'sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.eq\a\vs4\al(S)However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicateeq\a\vs4\al(W3)thatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult〞children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents'involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwitheq\a\vs4\al(P2)theircollege-agechildrenfrequentlyeq\a\vs4\al(W4)，wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn'tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today'sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenoneq\a\vs4\al(W5)isneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindeq\a\vs4\al(P3)thatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.科學(xué)的變化影響著生活的各個(gè)方面，但是科技帶來的社會(huì)變化常被誤認(rèn)為是態(tài)度的變化。作者對此舉例進(jìn)行了說明。1．Thesurveysinformusof________.A．thedevelopmentoftechnologyB．thechangesofadultchildren'sbehaviorC．theparents'over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD．themeansandexpensesofstudents'communication答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe‘very’or‘somewhat’overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.〞可知，這些調(diào)查告知了我們父母對他們上大學(xué)的孩子保護(hù)過度。]2．Thewriterbelievesthat________.A．parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB．thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC．technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD．parents'changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren'sdelayedindependence答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句以及最后一段第二句可知，作者認(rèn)為科技的開展使父母加強(qiáng)對他們上大學(xué)的孩子的管教。]3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TechnologyorAttitudeB．DependenceorIndependenceC．FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD．CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement答案A[主旨大意題。文章就“家長對孩子的管教問題與科技之間的關(guān)系〞這一話題進(jìn)行了討論，“科技還是態(tài)度〞作文章標(biāo)題最正確。]★4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C：Conclusion答案B[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。整篇文章討論的是家長對孩子的管教問題與科技之間的關(guān)系。第一段提出論點(diǎn)；第二段用調(diào)查說明作者不認(rèn)可的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)；第三段用“However〞一詞轉(zhuǎn)折，說明第二、三段是不同的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)；第四、五兩段用于支持第三段中提出的觀點(diǎn)；最后一段作出了總結(jié)。]eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．mistakenadj.錯(cuò)誤的2.dormitoryn.宿舍3．indicatev.說明；暗示4.frequentlyadv.頻繁地5．phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．bringabout引起；造成2．beintouchwith和……有聯(lián)系3．bearinmind記住eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿寫)原文：Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday'sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.(where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞point表示抽象地點(diǎn))譯文：這經(jīng)常被解讀為一種信號(hào)，當(dāng)前的父母管理自己孩子的生活超出了行為恰當(dāng)?shù)牡夭健７聦懀篢hetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthe__point_where_he_can_walkcorrectlyandsafely.治療將持續(xù)到病人能到達(dá)正確平安地行走的地步。Passage2限時(shí)：7分鐘體裁：說明文題材：史地常識(shí)類難度：中詞數(shù)：291Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari(欣賞野生動(dòng)物)inAfrica,butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofBotswana'sOkavangoDeltamustrankaseq\a\vs4\al(P1)oneoftheworld'smostexcitingwildlifejourneys.Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure,providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,professionaleq\a\vs4\al(W1)guidesandlotsofsupportworkers.Theyhaveareputationeq\a\vs4\al(W2)forprovidingagreatridingexperience.Themorningride,whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful,shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies,tendstobemoreactive.Itisunlikeanyotherridingexperience.Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface,itistrulyexciting.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Youareverylikelytocomeacrosslargewildanimals,too.Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants,giraffesandmanyotheranimals.Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough,asdoesyourheartrate,asyoumoveclosertothem.Intheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace,withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare,ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.Asthesun'srayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses,theromanceofAfricacomestolife.Backatthecampyoucankickoffeq\a\vs4\al(P2)yourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.Lookingbackonyourday,youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild.在非洲欣賞野生動(dòng)物的地方很多，然而最讓人興奮的旅程莫過于博茨瓦納的奧卡萬戈三角洲的馬背之旅。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They〞r(shí)eferto?A．Floodedwaters. B．Wildlifejourneys.C．Safaricamps. D．Uniquerides.答案C[詞義猜想題。第二段介紹safaricamps，第一句說明safaricamps的根本行程，第二句說明了safaricamps的優(yōu)勢，第三句中的They和前兩句的主語內(nèi)容相同，指代safaricamps。]2．Whatdoestheauthorfindmostexcitingaboutahorsebacksafari?A．SeeingandfeelingtherealAfricanlife.B．Enjoyinggoodfoodandwineatthecamp.C．Huntinglargeanimalsjustasourancestorsdid.D．Beingpartofthesceneandgettingclosetoanimals.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句可知，水花與彩虹相映成趣，濺落在身上的水花聲音清脆，畫面與聲音讓人興奮不已。由第三段最后一句可知，和動(dòng)物靠得越近越讓人興奮緊張。故D項(xiàng)正確。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedate〞probablymean?A．Wildandromantic.B．Slowandpeaceful.C．Hungryandthirsty.D．Activeandexcited.答案B[詞義猜想題。由第四段第一句可知，夜晚的馬背之旅令人放松、不匆忙，只有B項(xiàng)“緩慢的；寧靜的〞與此處基調(diào)相同，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。]★4.TheauthorintroducestheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby________.A．followingspaceorderB．followingtimeorderC．makingclassificationsD．givingexamples答案B[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。由第三段中的“Themorningride〞，第四段中的“Intheevening〞以及最后一段中的“Backatthecamp〞可知，對奧卡萬戈三角洲的旅行介紹是按照時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行的。]eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．professionaladj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的2．reputationn.名聲；聲望；名譽(yù)eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．rankas列為；排名為2．kickoff踢開eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿寫)原文：Withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface,itistrulyexciting.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))譯文：伴隨著在身邊濺起的水中形成的彩虹和大的水滴從你的身上和臉上落下的聲音，這真的太令人興奮了。仿寫：With_nothing_leftinthecupboard,shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.家里櫥柜里沒有吃的了，她出去買些吃的。Passage3限時(shí)：6分鐘體裁：說明文題材：生態(tài)環(huán)境類難度：易詞數(shù)：271TheAfricanelephant,thelargestlandanimalremainingonearth,isofgreatimportanceeq\a\vs4\al(P1)toAfricanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)).Unlikeotheranimals,theAfricanelephantistoagreatextenteq\a\vs4\al(P2)thebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(稀樹草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesetting_the_termsofexistenceeq\a\vs4\al(W1)formillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat(棲息地)．Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireeq\a\vs4\al(W2)forfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbushes,andpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.Thisresultsineq\a\vs4\al(P3)numerouseq\a\vs4\al(W3)openspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplanteaters.Taketherainforestsforexample.Intheirnaturalstate,thespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplants,elephantsmakeopenspaces,allowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationseq\a\vs4\al(W4)，theforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplanteaterstomovearoundandforsmallplanteaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappears,scientistssay,manyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvasteq\a\vs4\al(W5)areasofforestandsavanna,greatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.本文主要講述的是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動(dòng)物的生存空間等。1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B．ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C．TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfood.D．TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.答案C[主旨大意題。本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動(dòng)物的生存空間等。故C正確。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“settingtheterms〞mostprobablymean?A．Fixingthetime. B．Worseningthestate.C．Improvingthequality. D．Decidingtheconditions.答案D[詞義猜想題。根據(jù)文章“Asabigplanteater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(稀樹草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat.〞說明非洲大象塑造了草原的環(huán)境，也決定了其他動(dòng)物的生存條件。故D項(xiàng)正確。]3．Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A．Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B．TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C．Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D．Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplanteaters.〞說明開放的空間對于其他的食草動(dòng)物也很重要。故D項(xiàng)正確。]★4.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby________.A．showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB．pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC．describingthechangesinspaceorderD．givingexamples答案A[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文主要通過描述大象的行為帶來的具體影響以及對這些影響的原因的解釋。故A項(xiàng)正確。]eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．existencen.存在2．desirev．/n.欲望；要求3．numerousadj.許多的；很多的4．situationn.情況；形勢5．vastadj.廣闊的；巨大的eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．ofgreatimportance很重要的2．toagreatextent在很大程度上3．resultin導(dǎo)致eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿寫)原文：Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)譯文：正是大象對食物的欲望使它成為環(huán)境的破壞者和棲息地的修建者。仿寫：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化而不是語言，使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。Passage4限時(shí)：6分鐘體裁：議論文題材：健康類難度：易詞數(shù)：283Withthedevelopmentofeq\a\vs4\al(P1)society,thechoiceoffoodanddrinksforchildrenismorediversifiedthaneverbefore.However,everycoinhastwosides.Manyfactssuggestthatchildrenareoverweighteq\a\vs4\al(W1)andthesituationisgettingworse,accordingtothestatisticseq\a\vs4\al(W2).Ifeelthereareanumberofeq\a\vs4\al(P2)reasonsforthis.Somepeopleblameeq\a\vs4\al(W3)thefactthatwearesurroundedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)byshopssellingunhealthyeq\a\vs4\al(W5)，fattyfoods,suchasfriedchickenandicecream,atlowprices.Thishasturnedoutawholegenerationofgrown-upswhoseldomcookamealforthemselves.Iftherewerefeweroftheserestaurantsthenprobablychildrenwouldbuylesstake-awayfood.Thereisanotherargumentthatblamesparentsforallowingtheirchildrentobecomeoverweight.Iagreetoeq\a\vs4\al(P3)this,becausegoodeatinghabitsbeginearlyinlife,longbeforechildrenstarttovisitfastfoodshops.Ifchildrenaregivenfriedchickenandchocolateratherthanhealthyfood,orarealwaysallowedtochoosewhattheyeat,theywillgoforsweetandsaltyfoodseverytime,andthiswillcarryonthroughouttheirlives.Thereisathirdreasonforthissituation.Childrenthesedaystakeverylittleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheygethome,theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputers.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣),italsogivesthemtimetoeatmoreunhealthyfood.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellasguidingthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.本文第一段是一個(gè)中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個(gè)原因。在文章最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)提出了解決問題的方法。1．Whatissuggestedbytheauthortodealwith“overweight〞？A．Blamingtheshopssellingunhealthyandfattyfoods.B．Askingyoungchildrentowalktoschooleveryday.C．Livinganactivelifeandremovingbadeatinghabits.D．NotwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesafterschool.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellasguidingthemawayfromfastfoodshopsand