專題03-代詞-備戰(zhàn)2020年高考高中英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練

專題三代詞重難點(diǎn)分析代詞是代替名詞或代替起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞和關(guān)系代詞八種。代詞類別例詞功能人稱代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they作主語賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them作賓語物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their作定語名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs作主語、賓語、表語反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves作賓語、表語、同位語不定代詞some,any,no,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,noone,everybody,much,many,other(s),another等視情況而定，一般可作定語、主語、賓語等疑問代詞what,who,whose,whom,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等可作主語、賓語、定語等指示代詞this,that,these,those作主語、賓語、定語、表語相互代詞eachother,oneanother作賓語關(guān)系代詞that,who,whom,whose,which等連接定語從句下面舉例說明其用法，其中疑問代詞見“專題12句子種類”，關(guān)系代詞見“專題13定語從句”。一、人稱代詞的用法1.作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格。如：SheteachesusEnglish.她教我們英語。2.在句中作表語，常用賓格，但有時用主格。如：—Whoisit?誰呀？—It’sme.是我。ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.是我告訴他這件事的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)3.it的用法用法說明例句1作人稱代詞，指代前面提到的事物Thisisnotmybook.Itismary’s.這不是我的書，是瑪莉的。2替代指示代詞this或that—What’sthis?這是什么？—It’sadictionary.這是一本字典?！猈hosejacketisthat?那是誰的夾克？—Itishers.是她的。3指人—Whoisknockingatthedoor?誰在敲門？—It’sme.是我。Thebabynomorecriedassoonasitsawitsmother.那個嬰兒一看到他(她)的媽媽就不哭了。4指時間、距離、天氣、環(huán)境等—What’sthetimenow?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘？—It’stenpasteight.8:10。It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow.現(xiàn)在變得越來越冷了。It’sabouttenminutes’walkfrommyhometotheschool.從我家到學(xué)校步行大約要十分鐘。Itisveryquietatthemoment.目前很安靜。5指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?我們隊贏得了足球賽。你聽說了嗎？6表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面跟it后再跟從句，其從句作it的同位語Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你能幫我一個忙，我將十分感激。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我不喜歡人們滿嘴是食物的時候說話。Ilikeitinautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.我喜歡秋天，那時候的天氣晴朗。7(未指明但談話雙方心里都明白的)那件事、那種情況Howisit(=yourlife/yourwork)going?情況怎樣？—Doyoulikeithere?你喜歡這里嗎？—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.哦，當(dāng)然。這里的空氣、天氣、生活方式——一切都是這么的美好。8It還可用作形式主語、形式賓語以代替主語從句、賓語從句、不定式短語、動名詞短語等It’simpossibletogetthereintime.及時到達(dá)那兒是不可能的。Ifinditstrangethatshedoesn’twanttogo.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她不想去，真奇怪。二、物主代詞的用法1.形容詞性物主代詞——作定語Thisisourclassroom.這是我們的教室。Hisfatherisanengineer.他父親是位工程師。2.名詞性物主代詞所作成分例句主語Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.這是她的上衣，我的在那邊。賓語Somethinghasgonewrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?我的自行車出了點(diǎn)毛病，我能用你的嗎？表語Thisbookisn’tmine;itsTom’s.這本書不是我的，是湯姆的。注意：(1)英語中必須有形容詞性物主代詞，而漢語中往往省略不譯。如：Jacktookoffhiscoatandwenttobed.杰克脫掉外套就上床睡覺了。(2)“of+名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語。如：Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.我的一些朋友將出席我的生日聚會。三、反身代詞的用法所作成分例句1賓語動賓TomtaughthimselfChinese.湯姆自學(xué)漢語。介賓Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.她喜歡的是我，不是我的錢。2表語Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.她今天有些不舒服。3同位語Imyselfcanrepairthebike.我自己會修自行車。Thetableitselfhasonlythreelegs.這張桌子本身只有三條腿。四、指示代詞的用法1.時空的差別。如：Thereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatoneinthefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat?靠近我的這個座位，還是第四排的那個座位，你選哪一個，這個還是那個？2.this和that在行文敘述上的差別。如：Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.我要跟你說的是，他是一個可憐的人。Hewasill.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.他生病了，那就是沒來的原因。3.that和those用于表比較的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：TheweatherofZhangjiangisbetterthanthatofmyhometown.湛江的天氣比我家鄉(xiāng)的好。TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.南京生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)比在這里生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)好。4.打電話時this表示我，that表示你。五、不定代詞的用法可數(shù)one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few不可數(shù)much,(a)little可數(shù)/不可數(shù)none,any,other,all,some復(fù)合不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing1.none,noone與nothing的用法區(qū)別(1)none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用來回答howmany/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句；noone只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用來回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing“什么也沒有”，否定一切，常用來回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。如：—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroomnow?現(xiàn)在房間里有多少人？—None.一個人都沒有。—Whoisintheroom?誰在房間里？—Noone/Nobody.沒有人?！猈hat’sinyourschoolbag?你書包有啥呢？—Nothing.啥都沒有。(2)none后面可加of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，而something/anything/everything/nothing/someone/anyone/everyone/noone卻不能。如：Itisnoneofmybusiness!這不關(guān)我事。2.each與every的用法區(qū)別(1)each強(qiáng)調(diào)“個體”，具有代詞和形容詞的作用；every強(qiáng)調(diào)“全體”，只能作定語。each作同位語時，不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)。不可用noteach來表示部分否定，而用notevery表示部分否定。如：Theticketseachcosttendollars.這些票每張要10美元。(each作同位語)(2)every還可表示“每……的、每……中的”，下列說法中只能用every：everyyearortwo每一兩年everynowandthen時常everyotherday每隔一天onecartoevery20people每20人乘一輛車Chooseoneoutofeverytenboys.每10個男孩中選一個。3.another,other,theother,others與theothers的用法區(qū)別不定代詞意義用法說明another再一個，另一個指同類事物中的另一個，用作代詞或形容詞。如：Idon’tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.other另外的只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one以及my,your,his等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。如：anyotherplant,everyotherdaytheother兩者中的另一個常與one連用，構(gòu)成one…theother…一個……另一個……；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“全部其余的”others泛指別的人或物是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定語，構(gòu)成some…others…一些……另一些……theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物4.both,all,either,any,neither與none的用法區(qū)別都任何都不兩者botheitherneither兩者(以上)allanynone如：IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.我不得不把這些書都買下來，因為我不知道哪一本最好。Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedisahammerandsomenails.做這個修理工作很容易你所需要的是一把錘子和一些釘子。IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.我邀請喬和琳達(dá)吃晚飯，但是他們兩個一個都沒來。—Whichofthethreewaysshalltaketothevillage?三條路中哪一條通往那個村子？—Anywayasyouplease.任何一條都可以。Wehadthreesetsofthegardentoolsbutweseemedtohavenouseforany.我們有三套園藝工具，但是我們沒有怎么使用它們。5.one,ones,theone,theones,that與those的用法區(qū)別one用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”；ones用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用that代替(尤其在有后置定語的情況下)；theones用來替代前面特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用those代替(尤其在有后置定語的情況下)；that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”。如：Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.張先生給了我一件十分珍貴的禮物，這件禮物是我從未見過的。Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.張先生給了我許多珍貴的禮物，它們是我從未見過的。Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theoneunderthedesk.桌子上的那本書比桌子下的那本好。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.桌子上的那些書比桌子下的那些好?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。1.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause________ofushad________moneyonus.2.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave________.3.Althoughheiswealthy,hespends________onclothes.4.—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—Iamafraid________dayispossible.5.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,youwillhavetopay________15dollars.6.—ShallIsitatthisendoftheboatortheotherend?—Ifyoukeepstill,youcansitat________end.7.Theseplantsarewatered________(每兩天).8.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith________moneyand________people.9.Therearealotoftreeson________sideofthesquare.10.Youwillnotsee________theanimalsinwinter.二、完成句子用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或副詞填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。1.Theweatherwasverysunnythefollowingday,________waswhatwehadexpected.2.Ihavefinishedreadingallthebooks________areborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.3.Isthisthesecondtime________youhavebeentoGuangzhou?4.________isreportedinthenewspaper,thewarbetweenthetwocountrieshascometoastop.5.Canyouthinkofanotherexample________thisphrasecanbeused?6.Thetrainon________heistravelingislate.7.Doyoustillrememberthehappydays________wespenttogetherinBeijing?8.Ihaveboughtthesameskirt________sheiswearing.9.Isthisthereason________heislateagain?10.Herparentswouldn’tlethermarryanyone________familywasverypoor.11.I,________amyourbestfriend,willhelpyouout.12.Thedaywillcome________thepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.13.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangepeopleandstories________theymetintheadventure.14.Heistheverymanin________pocketIfoundmylostmoney.15.Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainter________wassenttomeformybirthday.三、語篇填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。Oneday,asCarl’swifewasgoingout,herchildbegantocry,beggingtogowith____1____.“Stayhome,”themothersaidtohim.“When____2____return,wewillkillapigfor____3____dinner!”Whenshecameback,____4____foundCarlpreparingtoslaughter(宰殺)apigforthechild’smeal.Shehurriedovertostop____5____.“Whatareyoudoing?Youarenotreallygoingtokillapig,areyou?”Iwasjustkiddinghim!“Howcan____6____lietochildren?”Carlreplied.“____7____learneachand____8____movementfrom____9____parents.If____10____deceiveyourchildwithlies,youareteachingthechildtolie.Onecannoteducatechildrenthisway.”Intheend,Carlkilledthepig.四、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asayoungadult,NoahWebsterwasateacher.Atthattime,thecolonies1(fight)forindependencefromBritain.YetthebooksthatAmericanchildrenusedinschoolallcamefromBritain.ThebookswereallaboutBritishpeopleandBritishplaces.Websterwantedbooks2wouldmeanmoretoAmericanchildren’s—agrammarbook,aspellingbook,andareader.Thesebookswereverypopular,andmillionsofthem3(sell).Websterwasinterestedinchangingthespellingsofwords.4wantedwordstobespelledthewaytheywerepronounced.Forexample,hethought5word“head”shouldbespelled“hed”,andtheword“l(fā)augh”shouldbespelled“l(fā)af”.PeoplelikedWebster’ssuggestions.Unfortunately,though,fewwordschangedwerewordsin6anunpronounced“u”followedan“o”.Thatis7Americanswritecolorandlabor,andtheBritishwritecolourandlabour.Withthemoneyhemade8hisbooks,Websterwasabletostartonhisgreatwork.Thisworktookmorethan20yearstowrite.ItwasthefirstAmericanEnglishdictionary,9(publish)in1828.Webster’sdictionaryhadover70,000wordsand10(give)themeaningandoriginofeach.Tothisday,Webster’sworkistheexamplethatmostdictionariesofAmericanEnglishfollow.助讀詞匯colonyn.殖民地unpronouncedadj.不發(fā)音的laborn.勞動dictionaryn.字典；詞典originn.起源tothisday至今參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1.none;any2.one3.little4.neither5.an