英語四級基礎(chǔ)語法講義

大基礎(chǔ)語主講老師：導(dǎo)學(xué)部 句子的結(jié) 簡單

四六級語 倒 第一部分：簡單 主語+謂1n.+IIlikeIlikeThebridekissedtheBirdsflyintheWewalkedonthestreetYoulookatTheyofferedmeavacantTheyofferedavacantposttoIboughtyouaIboughtapresentforIfindI veryIfindaceforshopIvery very主系

be動 感官動詞 “看/聽 聞 嘗 remain/ Iaskyoua You Ilove Iam 主語+謂語 （一）謂語動詞的一般過去時Simple一般過去時Simple形式：V.過去式HelikedShehada變否定或疑問HewasHelikedHewasnotHedidnotlikeWasheDidhelikeHowwasWhatdidheV．過去V．過去分V．過去 V．過去分

一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時SimpleYoulikeEnglish.HelikesWehavetheEnglishclasseveryday.Heoftengetsuplate.Iamateacher.Wearein.永TheearthisTheearthmovesaroundthesun.Knowledgeispower.Practicemakes變否定或疑問HeisYoulikeHelikesHeisnotYoudonotlikeHedoesnotlikeIsheDoyoulikeDoeshelikeHowisWhatdoyouWhatdoeshe與頻率連用(every,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesa…)usually,often,frequentlysometimes,occasionally一般將來時一般將來時Simple形式：willamis/aregoingtoV.用法：將來的事（現(xiàn)成的將來IwillmakeanewnWearegoingtostudyabroadnext變否定或疑問HewillHeisgoingtoHewillnotHeisnotgoingtoWillheIshegoingtoWhatwillheWhatishegoingto過去將來時過去將來時Past形式：wouldwaswere/aregoingtoV.用法：將來的事（過去的將來IsaidthatI eacookintheTonyfinishedhiswork,andthenhewouldleavefor33種進(jìn)行時ProgressiveAt10o’clockyesterdaysomestudentsweretakinganexamintheirclassrooms.Wearetakingaboutthewaterpollution.Agreatmanycandidateswillbemeetinghereatthistime形式：have/has Hehas WehavestudiedEnglishforten形式：had用法：過去的之Whenhegotthere,shehadleft.Shewasnotvs. ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwearestillworkingonitasnogoodresults sofar.havebeenworking;havecomehadworked;camehadbeenworking;havecomehaveworked;arecoming答案n.+ 語 Thedogatethe蛋糕被狗吃了主蛋糕被狗吃了1：及物動詞be+be+ done表示Classrooms (clean)everyAnew was (build)last與時態(tài)相結(jié) be+ Heisbeatenevery Hewasbeaten Hewillbebeaten Heisbeingbeaten.(現(xiàn)在經(jīng)行時的am/is/are+beingdone） Hehasbeenbeaten.(現(xiàn)在完成時的have/has+beendone)Ourmorningpaperis (read)byover200,000peopleeveryLastnightmyfavoriteTVprogramwasinterrupted (interrupt)byaspecialnewsHisbikewillbe (repair)byhisgrandfatherThenewmachinehasbeen (use)inourfactoryfortwo與情態(tài)動詞相結(jié)can nesareheard.cancould couldmaymay

must mustThelettermustbesent Weathercannotbecontrolledby四六級常用的情態(tài)動1 can/could“能夠，可以” may/might“可以，可能” 1Wemustfinishtheworkwithinaweek.Airpollutionmustbetakenseriously. ernmentcansolvetheproblemofwaterpollution.Tonycouldwalkwhenhewasonlyoneyearold.WillyoumarryIwilltravelabroadwithmyPotentialbuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestTosomeextent,expressionsmayinfluenceemotions.Suchbodilyreactionmighthelpmoderatetheworkstress.Studentsshouldworkhardtopasstheexams.Thosesickpeopleshouldseekhelpfrom22Thedetailsmaybeunknowable.Suchsearchesmusttakeyears.ThelossofpatiencecanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessionalandalThewayofsayingthosethingsmayhaveledtomisunderstanding.NowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheSouthAfrica. Inordertobeagoodsalesclerk,you (mustnot/willnot)berudetoaThispieisverygood. (should/must)trya (should/must/may)havewaterinordertoDon’tbenervous.Ithink (can/must)makeIamnotsure.Probably (may/should)come答案：1mustnot2.should3.mustshould4can5.名詞／代Mostgraduatesalwayswantabig-firmjob.Sheistheleaderoftheorganization.Theygaveusagoodng／toLaughingprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.Tolaughprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.ItprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealthtoHavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.Itisnousetotalkaboutdreamswithouttrying.WeenjoyreadingbooksintheThemembersoftheboarddecidetovoteagainstthenewn.Ourmaingoalistofinishthetaskontime.多個并ScienceandtechnologywilldeveloptheprocessofSocialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,andpsychology.Thatdoesn'tmeansittingdownand ngnothingatall.n.+名詞/代 to 常用介詞prep. at/ to/ onto/ without/of/by/for其他介詞：beforeafter/ until/during/ among through/against 二、非謂語動3 主 表 to 目 PassingnescanbeheardnightandTheteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhisHeboughtausedTheteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyfiveIhavealotoftodo.Iamcomingtoseeyou.,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourBeinga B.TobeaC.Bea D.HavingbeenaintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentword B.C.To D.HavingPeterreceivedaletterjust hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimA. B. C. D.toanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachance eA. B. C. D.ToThe tothebyabridge,iseasytogoA. B.to C. D.having CCC1.B2.B3.C4.CMyteacher,Mr.Lee,iscomingtotheMyteacher,togetherwithhiscolleagues,iscomingtotheAlltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassiontopursuescienceandsports,mathandtheateranddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.2014.06Confrontedwithsuchfacts,someSwedishactivistsandlegislatorsaredemandingmoreextremeandfar-reachingmeasures,suchasrecingmaleandfemalepronounswithaneutralalternativeandmonitoringchildrenmorecloselytocorrectthemwhentheygravitatetowardgenderedy.2014.06第二部分：并列一、并列句的構(gòu)notonly...,but...aswell/butalso表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but;yet;oreitherorneithernor表示因果：for原因so結(jié)果二、并列句的省IamateacherandIlikeEnglish.IamateacherandlikeEnglish.IamlyinginbedandIamreadingabook.Iamlyinginbedandreadingabook.IwanttoleaveandIwanttogoabroad.Iwanttoleaveandtogoabroad.You stayat goouttoy.Itdoesn’tA.either, B.neither, C.both, D.notonly,butWeboughtherabirthday shelikesitveryA. B. C. D. heisabletoski,butIA.both, B.either, C.neither, D.between,Thedoctortriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’s A. B. C. D.Icould ,soIhadtotalkwithhiminnotonly,but B.both,C.neither, D.either,Ilikepopmusic, my mymotherlikesA.both, B.either, C.neither, D.notonly,butTom,keepawayfromthe youwillgetA. B. C. D.Ithoughtwe’dbelateforthe weendedupgettingthereaheadofA. B. C. D.1A2.C3.C4.C5.C6.C7.C8.Iknow(that)youareIknowwhatshewillIknowwhether/ifheis （詞+陳述句練習(xí)：填入賓語從句的連接I IwillhelpYounevertold youhaddonetomy知道什么時候會出發(fā)I wewillsetTheydon’t theywillfinishtheworkon你能告訴我什么時候會出發(fā)嗎?Canyoulme 1.that2what3when4.whether5.whenwe’llsetWeknowThebignewsis****isbigWeknowthebignewsIdon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishtheNo lsmewhenyouwillfinishtheIworryaboutwhetherIhurtherAreyoupositive(that)you’veneverseenthatmanMyconcernisthatpeopledon’tcareaboutothers.Thequestionremainswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.三、同位語從位置：n.（factidea,newsdream,suggestion,advice,report）最常用的是：“that+陳述句”這種（注意：that不作成分，但不能省略）IhavenodoubtthathewillhelpIsupporttheargumentthattheproblemsofschoolbusesmustbetaken位置1:句首WhetherwewillgocamdependsontheItdependsontheweatherwhetherwewillgocam注意：兩種位置，意思相同。但更常用的是位于句尾的主語從練習(xí)：填入連接詞，并判斷是哪種名詞性從BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandA. B. C. D.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’t she’llacceptA. B. C. D.Ourteachersalways lustobelievein wedoandwhoweareifwewanttoA. B. C. D.Modernsciencehasgivenclear smokingcanleadtomanyA. B. C. D.Itwasnever themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentA. B. C. D.Itisstillunderdiscussion ornot.

theoldbusstationshouldberecedwithaA. B. C. D.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,which heneverfinishesA. B. C. D. ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwould IcantosaveA. B. C. D.答案1.B2.C3.C4.C5.D6.A主語從句7.D表語從句8.A賓語從句第二從ThisistheThisisthejob.Ihavedreamedofthejobfor關(guān)系詞如何選擇 看先行詞練習(xí)關(guān)系詞的選擇Ihavea beginsat8:00The mybrothercalleddidn’tanswertheMydaughteraskedmea Icouldn’tThe satinthestadiumcheeredforthehomeLeoisthe bikewasAustraliaisoneofthefew peopledriveontheSundayisthe peopleusuallydon’tgotoIsthereanyparticular youcan’t1.which/that2./whom/that3./that/which4.who5.whose6.where7.when8.why練習(xí)寫定語從Ilostthe The wasfeedingThe isusuallyvery答案1.which/that/Iborrowedfromthelibrary2.who/that/whom/不填I(lǐng)sawinpark3whichthat/ItakeeverydaytoImetyourfriendwhoisstayingin 限定性定語從Imetyourmother,whoisstayingin 非限定性定語從Thisisthewallwhichtheybuiltlastweek.ThisistheGreatWall,whichisworld-famous.練習(xí)（填入逗號和關(guān)系詞Hecamefrom isthecapital .(,Hecamefroma isinthenorth .(which/Thisisthe wearecooperatingwith.whowhomthat/不填ThisisBill manypeopleknowastherichestman.(,注意：非限定性定語從句不僅可以修飾前面的名詞，還可以修飾前面整句話 willgetbacktoyouinthreedays,whichisoneofthetypical補充：介詞提前的定Thisisthejobwhich/that/XIhavedreamedofforyears.ThisisthejobofwhichIhavedreamedforyears.Humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Thetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight.第三從從屬連when,while,as,before,after,since,until,soonas,nosooner…because,since,so/such…that,sothatsothat…,inorderthatif,unless,aslongalthough,though,eventhough,than,地點狀語從StaywhereyouWherethereisawill,thereisa結(jié)果狀語從Theproblemissocomplicatedthatwecannotsolveit.Itissuchacomplicatedproblemthatwecannotsolveit.讓步狀語從Althoughitissummer,itisverycold.Itissummer,butitisverycold.比較狀語從IamastallasIamastallasyou方式狀語從DoitasItoldyouyesterday.WheninRome,doasRomansdo.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgofora Iwilllethimknow,whenhecomeshome改錯練習(xí)ThebosswillreviewyourworkaftershewillreturnfromvacationnextI’llgiveyouacallonmycellphoneassoonasmynewillland.Idon’tlikemycurrentjob,butI’mgoingtostaywiththis untilIwillfindsomethingbetter.(find)Ifitwon’tbecoldtomorrow,we’llgotothebeach.Ifitwillbecoldtomorrow,wewillgotoamovie.ifitrainsIfitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgoifitrainsWe,ifitrainstomorrow,willnotgototheHespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcourse anativeasfluent B.morefluentC.asfluently D.muchfluentlyThecouplehadnosoonergottothe thecoachA. B. C. D.Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobI IamA.even B.assoon C.aslong D.asThemedicineworksmore youdrinksomehotwateraftertakingA. B. C. D. thethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.A. B.Aslong C.If D.AssoonItjustisn’tfair. Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingontheA. B. C. D—Shallwehave ic itdoesn’tA. B. C. D.TheGreatWall touristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplepourineverysoawell- B.asowell-C.suchwell-known D.suchawell-Owenwouldn’teat hecookeditA. B. C. D.1.C2.D.3.C4.D5.A6.D7.D8D9.第四部分：特殊用途的第一ItIwanttogotoAmericathisItisAmericathatIwanttogotothis強調(diào)過時態(tài)：Itwas…that…Itisthat/who…Itisthey,notAmerican,who eanti-inItistheywho eanti- LisalikescookingatWeusedtohavemeetingsinthecafe.TheycelebratedtheholidayonNov.11th.Studentsdon’tliketoomuchMencansolvetheproblemsofnaturaldisasteronlybycontrollingtheenvironmental注意：一個句子的動詞和形容詞不能強第二全部倒裝/liesa全liesaInthe the全部倒裝：Therebe句Thereben.(客觀存在)Thereisagirl.Therebe+n+“有…在哪里”（客觀存在）Thereisabookonthetable.Thereisnogapbetweenmindand注意：1）beTherewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforjobseeker’sTheremaybemorematchesinthe部分倒裝not,no,never,hardly,little,scarcely,seldom,notuntil,notonlyThepoormanhadnotonlybeenarrestedbuthehadbeensenttoprisonaswell.Notonlyhadthepoormanbeenarrested,buthehadbeensenttoprisonaswell.WecanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishYouwillneverknowthetruth. Hecareslittleformy IhadnosoonergottheinvitationthanINo Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenheleftthe HeachievedhisgoalonlybyworkingOnlybyworking Naturaldisasterswillre