考研英語作文大全

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考研英語寫作文章的常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式

考研英語寫作的文堂一般包括一個開頭段、若干擴展段和一個結(jié)尾段。開頭段和結(jié)尾段一般比擴展段短。各種段落的作用、特點和

寫作方法如下所示。

1.開頭段

開頭段一定要語言精練，并且直接切入主題。開頭段般不對主題進行深入的探討，具體的論證或敘述應該在擴展段進行。?般在

開頭段寫四、五句即可?？忌鷳⒁庖韵氯舾梢c：

1)開頭段的作用

概括陳述主題，提出觀點或論點，表明寫作意圖。

2)寫開頭段時考生應該避免的若干問題

①開頭偏離主題太遠；

②使用抱歉或埋怨之詞句；

③內(nèi)容不具體，言之無物：

④使用不言自明的陳述。

3)開頭段的表達方法

①使用引語(useaquotation)

使用?段名人名言，或人們常用的諺語、習語，以確定文章的寫作范圍和方向。

例：

"Greatmindsmustbereadynotonlytotaketheopportunity,buttomakethem.''Colton,agreatwriteronceremarked.Butitstillhas

aprofoundsignificancenow.Toaperson,inwhoselifetimeopportunitiesarenotmany,tomakeopportunitiesismoreessentialtohis

success.

②使用具體詳實的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)(usefiguresorstatistics)

引用?些具體詳實的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)，然后作出概括性分析，指明問題的癥結(jié)所在。

例：Inthepast5yearstherehasbeenamarkeddeclineinthenumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhowanttohavechildren,

coupledwithagrowingtrendtowarddelayedchildbearing.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,in2003,about28percentofmarriedcouples

withwivesunder35gavenobirthtochildren,comparedwiththe1993levelof8percent.

③提出問題(askaquestion)

提出有爭議或探討性的具體問題，然后加以簡要問答或展開引導性簡短討論。

例：Whatdoyouwantfromyourwork?Money?Promotions?Interestingchallenges?Continuallearning?Work-basedfriendships?

Theopportunitytodevelopyourownideaandpotentials?Thoughweareallindividualsandsoouranswerswilldiffer,allagreethat

workprovidemorethanmaterialthings.

④給出背景(offerrelevantbackground)

描述具體事件的時間、地點和發(fā)生背景等。

例：OnceinanewspaperIreadofacrowdofpeoplewhoremainedappallinglyindifferenttothepleaofamother.Asshefailedto

offertherequiredamountofcashasapricetosaveherdrowningson,thewomanatlastwatchedhersonsinktodeath.Thestoryis

notrareinnewspapersandonTV,andthecasualnessanddetachmentourpeoplenowhavedevelopedhasarousednationwide

concern.

⑤定義法(givedefinition)

針對討論的主題或問題加以定義，然后進行深入探討。

例：Flexibilityisdefinedasbeingadaptabletochange.Inthecourseofyourlifetime,itisessentialthatyoulearntobendandflex

aroundeverynewcircumstance,asrigiditydeprivesyouoftheopportunitytoseenewpossibilities.Paradigmschangeovertime,and

somustyou.Yourcompanymayrestructure,andyouwillhavetosurvive.Yourspousemaychoosetoleavethemarriage,andyouwill

havetocope.Technologywillcontinuetoadvanceandchange,andyoumustconstantlylearnandadaptorriskbecomingadinosaur.

Flexibilityallowsyoutobereadyforwhatevercurveliesaheadinlifeinsteadofgettingblindsidedbyit.

⑥主題句法(useoftopicsentence)

文章一開始就以主題句點明全文主題，然后圍繞主題內(nèi)容進行發(fā)展。例：

Nowpeoplebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofacquiringamasteryofaforeignlanguage.Tothem,theknowledgeof

aforeignlanguage,say,English,oftenmeansagoodopportunityforone'scareer,evenapassporttoaprosperousfuture.Manyof

themequatesuccessinlifewiththeabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguage.

4)開頭段的常用核心句型

Thearguermayberightabout...,buthe(takesintosaccount)thefactthat….入seemstoneglect(fail)tomention

AsbeliefZopposedto(Contraryto)widely(commonly/generally)held(accepted)(ideas/views),Ibelieve(argue)that...

Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat...,bearsmuchanalysis(close)」doubt(wonder)whethertheargumentexamination).

TheadvantagesofBoutweighanybenefitwegainedfrom(carrythanthoseof/aremuchgreaterthan)AAmoreweight

Althoughitisagreed)that...,itisXcommonly(widely/generally)held(felt/accepted/unlikelytobetruethat....

Thereisanelementoftruthinthisargumentadeeperandmorebasic(important/essential)X(statement),butitignoresfact

(reason)that....

Itistruethat(True,/Tobesure,/Admittedly,)...,say(itisunlikely/itdoesn'tfollow/itdoesn'tmean世utthisisnotto/itwon't

bethecase)that....

Themain(obvious/great)problem(flaw/argument(view/remark)isthatitisignorantofXdrawback)with(in)this(blindto)the

basic(bare)factthat....

Itwouldbepossible(natural/view)that...,butitwouldbeabsurdXreasonable)tothink(believe/takethe(wrong)toclaim(argue)

that....

Inallthediscussionanddebateover...,onegenerallyoverlooked(neglected).^important(basic)factis

Thereis/resist/^absolutely(infact)no(every)reasonforustobelieve(acceptreject)that....

Logical(Valid/Sound)asthisargumentandIwholeheartedlyit,itappearsinsignificant(absurd)when…is入agreewith

takensintosconsideration(account).

Toassume(suggest)that...isfarfromXbeingproved(tomissthepoint).

Aclose(careful)inspectionwouldrevealhowflimsy(groundlessX(examination/scrutiny)ofthisargument/fallacious)itis.

Onthesurface(Atfirstthought),it(this)mayseemaattractive)suggestion(solution/idea),butcarefulweighingonXsound(an

themind(oncloseranalysis/onsecondthought),wefindthat...

Toomuchto)...mayobscure^emphasisplacedon(attentionpaidto/importanceattached(overlook/neglect)otherfacts....

Thedanger(problem/fact/truth/Xpoint)isthat....

Whatthearguerfailstounderstand(consider/mention)Xisthat....

Wedon'thavetolookveryfartosee(findout)thetruththisargument(proposition)A(validity)of

Howeverjust(logical/soundthesurfaceoftheX/valid)thisargumentmaybe,itonlyskimsproblem.

Amongthemostconvincing(important)reasonsgiven(cited/offeredidentified)bypeoplefor...,oneshouldbestressed

(emphasized/X/mentioned).

XAsfarasIamconcerned,however,Ibelievethat....

I入believethatthetitlestatementisvalidbecause(of)....

IagreewiththeXabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat....

AlthoughIappreciatethat...,IXcannotagreewiththetitlestatement.

Thereisapubliccontroversyobjectto...arguethat....ButpeoplewhoXnowadaysovertheissueof....Thosewhofavor...,onthe

otherhand,arguethat....

Currently(Inrecentyears/Inthethereis(hasbeen)a(n)generaIXpastfewyears/Formanyyearsnow),(widespread/growing/

widelyheld)feelingtowards(concernover/attitudetowards/trendtowards/awarenessof/realizationof/illusionof/beliefin)....

Nowitiscommonly(widelylgenerally/increasingly)believedheldIaccepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged)that....But

IX(thought/wonder(doubt)whether....

Thesedaysweareoftentoldthat(oftenhearthecase?入about)…，butisthisreally

2.中間段

中間段是文章的正文，其作用是從不同的層ifii對文章主題進行具體和詳實的解釋和論證。

1)中間段的一般特征

①篇幅一般比開頭段和結(jié)尾段長。

②每段有相應的主題句。

③包含定義、解杼、描寫,說明主題思想的擴展句可以采用實例、數(shù)據(jù)或個人經(jīng)歷等寫作手段。

④不同種類的段落采用不同的擴展手段。

2)中間段的具體特點

①所涉及內(nèi)容應該準確、潔楚，頗具說服力：

②段落中?定具備主題句；

③段落內(nèi)容應該保持完整、統(tǒng)一，沒有說明不足之處或多余冗長的細節(jié)：

④內(nèi)容順序安排合理，邏輯性較強；

⑤段落之間連貫自然：

⑥段落中討論的內(nèi)容主次分明，材料比例適當：

⑦詞與句型運用合理并且有變化。

3)中間段展開的基本方法

①列舉法

例文：

Thereareanumberofwaysforustokeepfit.First,nomatterhowbusyweare,weshouldhaveexerciseeverydaytostrengthen

ourmuscles.Second,itisimportanttokeepgoodhours.Forexample,ifweareinthehabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly,

wecanavoidoverworkingourselvesandgetenoughsleep.Finally,entertainmentisalsonecessarysothatwemayhavesome

momentsofrelaxation.Ifwefollowthoseinstruction.Wewillcertainlybeingoodhealth.

②比較對比法

例文：

Theolderformofcommunicationisspeech.Inthebeginningofhumanhistory,peoplecouldonlyusedirectverbalspeechto

communicate.Butithadmanyshortcomings.Forinstance,wecouldnotspeaktoapersonfarawaywhenweneeded.Sodistancewas

aproblem.Andthespokenwordcouldnotbekeptsecreteasily.Sopeoplewantedtoinventanewmethodofcommunication.Thenext

bigstepforwardincommunicationwastheinventionofwriting.Writingisoneofhumanbeing'smostimportantinventions.Itsolvedthe

problemofdistanceandkeepingsecrets,butittoohaddisadvantages.Thewrittenwordcouldnotbepassedonquickly,sopeople

triedtofindanewquickermethodofcommunication.

Themostrecentdevelopmenthadbeenelectronicmeansofcommunication,includingthewirelesstelegraph,radio,telephone

andtelevision.Theinventionanduseofelectronicmeanshassolvedalltheproblemsmentionedabove.Theyarethemosteffective

methodsofcommunication.Peoplewillcertainlytrytheirbesttoinventevenmoremodemandusefulmethods.

③因果法

例文：

ThehamburgeristhemostpopularfooditemintheUnitedStates.EveryyearAmericansconsumebillionsofthem.Theyaresold

inexpensiverestaurantsandinhumblediners.Theyarecookedathomeonthekitchenstoveoroverabarbecuegrillinthebackyard.

Whyaretheysopopular?

First,ahamburgerisextremelyeasytoprepare.Itisnothingmorethanapieceofgroundbeef,cookedforafewminutes.Thenitis

placedinaslicedbun.Nothingcouldbesimpler.Evenanunskilledcookcanturnouthundredsoftheminanhour.Besidesthat,the

simplehamburgercanbevariedinmanyways.Youcanmeltsomecheeseontopofthebeeftocreateacheeseburger.

Youcanalsoaddsomegrilledbaconforaninterestingflavorcontrast.Inaddition,youcangarnishthehamburgerwithotherthings

suchaslettuce,tomato,onion,mushrooms,avocado,pickles,hotpepper,ketchup,relish,mayonnaise,mustardorwhateveryouwish!

④例證法

例文：

ThesayingMNopains,nogainsisuniversallyacceptedbecauseoftheplainyetphilosophicalmoralitteaches:ifonewantsto

achievesomething,hehastoworkandtoleratemorethanothers.Thesayingistrueofanypursuitmanseeks.Acaseinpointisboxing.

Whileweheapcheersonthewinner,fewhappentoimaginethathisgoldbeltiswonatthecostofhissweat,tears,blood,evenlife

overyearsbeforethearrivalofthatexcitingmoment.

⑤發(fā)展過程法

例文：

Tobuildyourownsunscope,getacartonandcutaholeinoneside,bigenoughtopokeyourheadthrough.Pastewhitepaperon

theinsidesurfacethatyouwillbefacing.Thenpunchapinholesintostheoppositesidehighenoughsothatthelittleshaftoflightwill

missyourhead.Forasharperimageyoucanmakeabetterpinholebycuttingaone-inchsquareholeinthecarton,tapingapieceof

aluminumfoiloverthishole,andthenmakingthepin-holeinthefoil.Finally,tapetheboxshutandcoveralllightleakswithblacktape.

⑥定義法

例文：

Diligenceisthekeytosuccess.Itmeanspersistentworkanddoesnotmeanthatwearetoexertourselvesalldayandnight

withoutrest,withoutfoodandwithoutsleep.Thetruemeaningofdiligenceisthecarefuluseoftimeforthepurposeofimprovement,or

toworkpersistentlywithoutanywasteoftime.

⑦分類法

例文：

Nowadaysthenewsmediamainlyconsistsofradio,televisionandnewspapers.Eachtypehasitsownadvantagesand

disadvantages.Newspapersaretheoldestformforcommunicatingthenews.Todaymanypeoplestillbegintheirdaybyreadingthe

morningpaperwhileshavingsbreakfast,andendtheirdaybyreadingtheeveningpaperwhileshavingsdinner.

Theinventionoftheradiohashadatremendousinfluenceontheworld.Itisabletobringup-to-minutenewstodistantplacesina

matterofseconds.Thusthedevelopmentoftheradiohasmadetheworldasmallerplace.

Televisionisthemostrecentlydevelopeddeviceforcommunication.Itallowsustoseeaswellastohearthenews.Thefactthatit

enablespeopletoseevisualimageshashadaconsiderableeffectonourperceptionsofworldevent.

4)中間段的常用核心句型

Althoughthepopularbeliefis(survey/poll/investigation)Xthat...,acurrent(new/recent)studyindicates(shows/demonstrates)

that....

XCommonsensetellsusthat....

入Theincrease(change/failure/success)in...mainly(largely/partly)resultsfrom(arisesfrom/isbecauseof)....

Theincrease(change/failure/attributableto)thefactthat....?vsuccess)in...isdueto(owingto/

ManyXpeoplewouldclaimthat....

Onemayattribute(ascribe/owe)theincreasebut...isnotbyitselfanadequateexplanation.X(decrease/change)to...,

kOneofthereasonsgivenfor...isthat....

WhatisalsoworthnoticingisXthat....

Therearemany(different/several/anumberof/avariety(reasons)forthisdramatic(marked/significant)growth(change

Aof)causesdecline/increase)in....First,....Second.....Finally,....

ThereisnoevidenceXtosuggestthat....

Whyare(is/do/did)...?Foronething.....For九another,….

XAnotherreasonwhyIdisputetheabovestatementisthat....

Xltgivesriseto(leadto/bring/create)ahostofproblems(consequences).

Therearenumerousreasonswhy...,andIshallhereexplorethemostimportantones.Zonlyafewof

Itwillexert(have/produce)considerable/beneficial/favorable/^profound(far-reaching/remarkable/undesirable/disastrous)

effect(influence)on....

Amultitudeoffactorsin/influence)theXcouldaccountfor(contributeto/leadto/resultchange(increase/decrease/success/

failure/development)in....

In2000,thetotal(toXitincreased(rose/jumped/shotup)from5to10percentof15percent/by15percent).

Bycomparisonwith2002,itdecreased(dropped/percent(to15percent/by15percent).Xfell)from10to5

ItaccountsZfor15percentofthetotal.

Therewere100trafficaccidentsinApril,anfive-monthperiodAincreaseof5percentina

By2002,only(lessthan/threequarters(40percentofXmorethan/almost/about/over/asmanyas)/oneoutoffive/onein

four)collegepopulation(graduates/housewives)asagainst(ascomparedwith)lastyear(2002)preferredto(liked)....

Withthe^development(improvement/rise/growth/generalrecognition/acknowledgement/realization)of...,vastchanges

awaitsthiscountry'ssociety.

入Nowpeopleingrowing(ever-increasing/significant)numbersarebeginning(coming/getting)tobelieve(realize/recognize/

understand/accept/see/beaware)that....

Accordingtoa(n)recent(new/official)poll)，….Xstudy(survey/report/

History(Oursociety)isfilled九(abounds)withtheexamplesof....

Thestory(case/instance/situation)itisoneofmanyexamples(typicalof入isnotrare(isolated/unique),dozens).

A(one)recent(new/general/nationwide)study(survey/pollinvestigation)conducted(taken)atauniversityby(officials/

scientists^/experts)indicates(reveals/suggests/shows/proves/demonstrates)that....

Accordingto(Ascanbeseenin/Asisshownin)thefigures/findings/data/graph/table)released入(statistics(provided)bythe

government(aninstitute),itcanbelearned(seen/predicted)that....

ThereevidenceXis(no)good(every/little/sufficient/considerable/strong)(proof)to

Personalexperience(ExamplesIheard/readof)leadsmetothat….入conclude

ZWemustadmittheundeniablefactthat....

NoonecanfactXdeny(ignore/doubt/overlook/obscure/brushaside)thethat....

入Experience(Evidence)suggests(shows)that....

Takefor^example…who(that)....

入Thesameistrueof....

Asthesaying九goes,：..”

3.結(jié)尾段

結(jié)尾段的寫作方法可以歸納為F列若干種：

1)總結(jié)歸納

簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點，以便深化主題印象.

例：InconclusionIwouldliketosaythatchangeisaproblemconfrontingmostofustoday.Thechangeswhichhavealreadytaken

placeineveryfieldofourlifeareirreversible.Continuationofthegrowthwhichhasalreadybegunisinevitable.Duringthisevolution

therearegreatrewardstobewon-bythosewhoarewillingtotaketheopportunitiesbeingoffered.

2)筮中主題

再次強調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡述的中心思想。

例：Admittedly,sciencehascreatedatomicbombsandproducedpervasivepollution.Butithastransformedthelivesofmillionsof

people.Ithasmultipliedman'senergy,hopes,ambitionsandunderstanding.Ithaselevatedandwillcontinuetoelevateman

intellectuallyandspiritually.

3）預測展里

立足當前，放眼未來。

例：Itistimethatthegovernmentshouldspeakoutagainstcorruptionandtakestrongactiontopunishwhoevertakesbribesor

embezzlesfund.Forpresentofficialcorruption,ifpermittedtocontinue,willnotonlytarnishthegovernment'spopularity,butleadtoits

ultimatedownfall.

4)提出建議

提出解決問題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應的行動。

例：Collegeathleticsplayssuchavitalrolethatitdeservescloseattentionandpersistenteffort.Itissuggestedthatphysical

trainingshouldberegardedasarequiredcoursewedgedsintoscollegecurricula,howevercrowdeditmaybe,andthatafairshareof

collegebudgetshouldbedevotedtoathleticprograms.Wesincerelyhopethatthissuggestionwillbeacommitmentthatallcolleges

anduniversitieswilltakeup.

5)提出問題

提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，從而突出中心思想,

例：Oldpeoplemaychoosetolivealoneforthemselvesandevenembracethislivingpattern.Butinthedeeppartoftheirhearts,

theymustfeellonely.Theyneedtheirchildrentostaywith,totalkwith,andtakecareofthem.Whycan'tyoungpeoplethinkofthedays

whentheyaregettingold?

6)引用格言

用格言、諺語或習語總括全文中心思想。

例：Manyyeasago,agreatphilosopherFrancisBaconremarkedthat"Knowledge...ispower.'Thiscannowbe

translatedsintoscontemporaryterms.Inoursocialsetting,"Knowledgeischange"——andacceleratingknowledge-acquisition,fuelingthe

greatengineoftechnology,meansacceleratingchange.

7)結(jié)尾段的核心句型

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered),X(Takingsintosaccountallthesefactorswemaysafely

draw(reach/cometo/arriveat)theconclusionthat....

AllpointsXtheevidence(analysis)supports(justifies/confirms/warrants/to)a(n)unshakable(unmistakable/sound/just)

conclusionthat....

ItisemphasisXhightimethatweplace(lay/put)great(special/considerable)ontheimprovement(development/increase/

promotion)of....

Itishightimeundesirable/deplorable)入thatweputanendtothedeep-seated(unhealthy/situation(tendency/phenomenon)

of....

Wemustlook(search/call/cry)measure),becausethepresent(current)kforanimmediateaction(method/situation

(phenomenon/tendency/state/attitude)of...,ifpermitted(allowed)tocontinue(proceed),willsurely(certainly)leadto(resultin)the

end(destruction/heavycost)of....

Thereisnoeasy(immediate/effective)remedy)totheproblemof...,but...mightbeusefuIXsolution(approach/answer/(helpful

/beneficial).

Noeasymethod(solution/recipe/remedy)canbeatguaranteed)tosolve(resolve/tackle)theproblemof...,butXhand(found/

thecommon(general/public)recognitionof(realizationof/awarenessof/commitmentto)thenecessity(importance/significance)

of...mightbethefirststeptowardschange(ontherightway/intherightdirection).

Following(solutionto)...入thesemethods(suggestions)maynotguaranteethesuccessinbutthepay-offwillbeworththeeffort.

Obviously(Clearly/Nodoubt),ifthereiseverychancethat…入weignore(areblindto)theproblem.

UnlessverylikelyXthereisacommonrealizationof(generalcommitmentto)...,itis(thechancesaregood)that....

Thereislittledoubt(nodenying)thatseriousimmediate/further)attentionmustbecalled(paid爪(special/adequate/devoted)

totheproblemof....

Itisnecessary(essential/fundamental)thataction(steps/measures/remedies)shouldbeXeffective(quick/proper)takento

prevent(correct/check/end/fight)thesituation(tendency/phenomenon).

Itishoped(suggested/recommended)thatgreat(continuous//sustained/corporate)effortsshouldbemadetocontrol

(checkZ/tpersistenthalt/promote)thegrowth(increase/rise)of....

Itishopedthatgreatfocusedon)finding(developingAeffortsshouldbedirectedto(expendedon//improving)....

Itremainstobeseenwhether...,buttheprospect(outlook)isencouraging(thatrosy).knotquite

Anyhow,wider(more)education(potential/grave/serious爪(publicity)shouldbegiventothepossiblepernicious)

consequences(effects)of....

Toreverse(check/control)theeasyjob),anditrequires(demandsXtrend(tendency)isnotalighttask(an/involves/entails)a

differentstateofmindtowards(attitudetowards/outlookon)....

XForthesereasons,Istronglyrecommendthat....

Forthereasonsgivenabove,Ifeelkthat....

4.段落擴展中的常用詞語

1)總結(jié)關(guān)系過渡詞語

generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,ingeneral,onalargerscale,totaketheideafurther,totaketheaboveopinionto

anextreme,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,inmyopinion,inmyview,asforme,asfarasIamconcerned,

obviously,undoubtedly,intermsof,inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,toconclude

2)比較對比關(guān)系過渡詞語

similarly,likewise,like,too,equallyimportant,thesameas,incommon,inthesameway,onthecontrary,ontheonehand,onthe

otherhand,otherwise,insharpcontrast,whereas,ratherthan,conversely,instead,in/bycontrast,but,however,yet,nevertheless

3)列舉關(guān)系過渡詞語

forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,suchas,namely,thatis,like,thus,first,second,third,finally,inthe

firstplace,initially,firstofall,tobeginwith,tostartwith,whatismore,furthermore,eventually,besides,inaddition(tothat),firstand

foremost,lastbutnotleast,next,also,moreover,foronething,foranother

4)因果關(guān)系過渡詞語

because(of),as,since,for,owingto,dueto,thanksto,onaccountof,asaresultof,resultin(from),consequently,forthereason

that,asaconsequence,consequently,iffollowsthat,accordingly,therefore,hence

5)讓步關(guān)系過渡詞語

although,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,despite,grantedthat

6)強調(diào)關(guān)系過渡詞語

anyway,certainly,surely,obviously,tobesure,especially,particularly,aboveall,indeed,infact,evenworse,needlesstosay,

mostimportantofall,nodoubt

五、考研英語寫作程序

由于時間的限制及題型的要求，考生必須遵循?定的寫作程序并且合理地分配時間，以便從容地完成較高水平的寫作。下面的考研

英語寫作程序及時間分配，供考生參考并靈活地加以運用。

1.審題過程(2-3分鐘)

所謂“審題”，就是仔細地研究、理解題目，即根據(jù)題目所提供的條件和要求，來確定文章的內(nèi)容、體裁和寫法。這一過程直接關(guān)系到

寫作的成敗，即是否“切題二審題應該包含下列四個方面：

1)審文體

文體是對文章的?種規(guī)格要求，不同的文體，在寫作上有不同的規(guī)格要求。命題作文?般采用議論文文體；規(guī)定情景作文通常以描

寫文、敘述文為主；圖表作文通常采用說明文；然而，段首句作文，應視具體內(nèi)容而定。

2)審內(nèi)容

了解題目在內(nèi)容方面的要求決定寫什么，這是審題的關(guān)鍵。

3)審材料

審查考題在選材范圍方面的要求，考題對材料有特定的限制，故考生應在題目限制的范圍內(nèi)選取材料。

簡言之，選材的?般要點包含：

①選擇真實的材料；

②選擇典型的材料：

③選擇鮮活的材料；

④選擇最能展現(xiàn)主題的材料。

4）審要求

審查考題在格式、字數(shù)、時間、內(nèi)容等諸多方面的具體要求。

總之,如果審題不當,文章跑題；審題不周，文不切題：審題不全,遺漏重點。因此,考生一定要嚴把審題關(guān)。

2.構(gòu)思過程（57分鐘）

一旦確定了主題，就開始構(gòu)思選材。選材的思路圍繞題目、提示、數(shù)據(jù)、圖形和所給的提綱來進行?？忌鷳獜淖约核煜さ乃夭闹?/p>

篩選卅最能表達和說明主題的內(nèi)容，思路要靈活，想象要豐富，同時要有創(chuàng)新，避免落入寫作俗套。在此基礎(chǔ)上，草:擬出作文提綱，提

綱要簡明扼要，能抓住段落主題。同時，考生對文章段落展開的方法、過渡句和句型等也要有所考慮。

從歷年考研英語寫作試題來分析，寫作題目大多已給出了基本的提綱或相應的要求。在這種情況下，考生可將給出的提綱擴展成相

應的主題句，這樣便迅速地擬出了一個詳細且完整的寫作提綱。

擬出帶有主題句的具體提綱,才能圍繞主題句構(gòu)思出要寫的內(nèi)容，選出展現(xiàn)主題的最佳素材，形成?條清楚的寫作主線，然后根據(jù)

主線具體地提出和卜可答what,who,when,how,why等一系列考題規(guī)定的問題。

3.下筆創(chuàng)作過程（20-25分鐘）

卜.筆創(chuàng)作過程即段落的展開，考生要用貼切的詞與句將自己的所思所想所感一層層地明確表達出來。

考生要注意以下幾點：

1）段落應有段落的主題，并且段落中所涉及的內(nèi)容都是為文章主題服務的。

2）寫初稿時要?氣呵成，盡量不使用自己沒有把握的詞語或句型。

3）在卜.筆創(chuàng)作的過程中可以適當修改提綱，注意不要脫離主題。

4）注意利用過渡詞和過渡句使句子和段落結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹連貫，也使內(nèi)容更易于展開。

4.檢查與修改過程（3-5分鐘）

初稿?定存在著某些不妥之處，故需要最后訂正。

首先檢查內(nèi)容是否切題，論點是否明確，論據(jù)是否充分，結(jié)論是否合理，然后檢查語法是否正確，語句是否通順，用詞是否貼切，

數(shù)字是否準確，表達是否恰當，拼寫是否正確，標點是否得當?shù)鹊取?/p>

六、考研英語寫作常見題型

如果考生想在較短的時間內(nèi)對考研英語寫作有?所認識、有所突破，苜先應該了解考研英語寫作常見題型，并弄懂各種題型的寫作技

巧，然后進行有針對性的練習，并且研讀相關(guān)范文。考研英語寫作中的常見題型如卜.：

1.提綱題型寫作

1）寫作要點

①認真研究所給提綱

考生要注意領(lǐng)會提綱的含義，不要遺漏提綱要點或錯誤理解提綱的意思。

②確定各段的主題句

考生應根據(jù)所給提綱寫出各段的主題句，合格的主題句應具備以卜四個要點：

?意義完整主題句結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，即結(jié)構(gòu)符合語法規(guī)則；意義要完整，即主題句是”個符合邏輯的完整命題。

?表意清晰主題句要清晰明確，不使用意思含混的詞或句子。

?內(nèi)容具體主題句的內(nèi)容要明確具體.否則不利于段落的拓展。

?用詞貼切主題句一定要用詞準確，簡明達意，使段落的拓展有一個良好的基礎(chǔ)。

③逐步展開段落

段落寫作應圍繞自己列好的主題句進行，在寫作過程中可稍加調(diào)整,

④檢查與修改

檢查考題所給提綱是否準確且完整地被表達于文章之中，如有偏差，應作出相應的修改。

2）提綱題型寫作試題實例①寫作題目Title:THE-PROJECTHOPE'Outline:

1.Presentsituation

2.Necessityoftheproject

3.Mysuggestion

②參考范文：

Educationplaysaverysignificantroleinthemodernizationofourcountry.Thereare,however,stillalargenumberofschool-agers

inremoteandisolatedruralareaswhocan'taffordtogotoschoolbecauseoftheirfinancialpredicament.Thisisaveryserious

problemwhichneedstoberesolvedassoonaspossible.Thus,theChineseauthoritieshaveworkedoutaplantoassistthem

financially,whichiscalled**ProjectHope".

Thisproject,Idobelieve,isofmostimportanceandnecessity.Tobeginwith,asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisunlikelytoinjecta

hugeamountofmoneyineducationatpresent.Soeducationhastoturntothegeneralpublictofinditswayout.Secondly,withthe

financialassistanceofthegeneralpublic,manyofthepoorchildrenwhohavedroppedoutofschoolcangobacktogoonwiththeir

schooling.Thiswill,inturn,contributeagreatdealtotheexpansionoftheruraleconomyinourremoteandisolatedruralareas.

Apparently,theProjectHopeisofprofoundsignificanceforthemodernizationofourcountry.

Asforme,auniversitystudent,mysuggestionsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace,ourgovernmentshouldencouragemoreofthe

publicincitiestofinancetheproject.Inaddition,itismostnecessarytosetupaspecialfoundationtoreceivethecontributionsd