初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式之邯鄲勺丸創(chuàng)作時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)更改主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的更改而更改.以do為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般此刻時(shí)例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone此刻達(dá)成時(shí)例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般未來(lái)時(shí)例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過(guò)去未來(lái)時(shí)例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）shall/willhavebeendone未來(lái)達(dá)成時(shí)（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特別構(gòu)造形式1)帶神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)構(gòu)造.其形式為：神態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞.例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),在用于主動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí),能夠把主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一賓語(yǔ)仍舊保留在謂語(yǔ)后邊.往常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ).例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改成Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)造變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)構(gòu)造中的主語(yǔ),其余不動(dòng).例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改成Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日4）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后邊不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),在主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí),要加to.例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改成Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”,“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等,也能夠用于主動(dòng)構(gòu)造,但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不克不及分開(kāi).此中的介詞或副詞也不克不及省略.例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)).例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、怎樣使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不只要知道主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造,還要知道在哪些狀況中使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).1.發(fā)言者不知道動(dòng)作的履行者或不用說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的履行者(這時(shí)可省by短語(yǔ)).例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的履行者.例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.為了更好地安插句子.例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其余近似句型believe,consider,一些示意“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如expect,report,say,suppose,think等能夠用于句型“It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”或“主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋todosth.”.有：Itissaidthat聽(tīng)說(shuō),Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道,Itisbelievedthat大家相信,Itishopedthat大家希望,Itiswellknownthat盡人皆知,Itisthoughtthat大家以為,Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議.例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有好多動(dòng)詞如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描繪主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)時(shí),常常使用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)往常是物.例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主動(dòng)重申的是主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),而主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響.試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門(mén)自己有缺點(diǎn)）時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén),指“門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原由）示意“產(chǎn)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是怎樣引出來(lái)的呢？系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有主動(dòng)形式,但有些示意感想感染、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表構(gòu)造中常以主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義.1．在need,want,require,bear等詞的后邊,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式.例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房屋需要維修.2．形容詞worth后邊跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)含義,但不克不及跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后邊跟動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式.例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后邊作定語(yǔ),不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)含義.例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,與I是主謂關(guān)系.)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)注明you不是post動(dòng)作的履行者.)4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的構(gòu)造中,句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí),這時(shí)常常使用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義.這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等.例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在tooto構(gòu)造中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.6.在therebe句型中,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ),要點(diǎn)在人,用主動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ),要點(diǎn)在物.例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可當(dāng)作forustolose；用tobelost,誰(shuí)losttime不明確.）7.在betodo構(gòu)造中的一些不定式往常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng),主動(dòng)表主動(dòng).但是,因?yàn)楣庞⒄Z(yǔ)的影響,以下動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表主動(dòng)意義示意方向的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞適用,含主動(dòng)之義,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞.“under+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“某事在進(jìn)行中”.稀有的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在維修中）,underdiscussion（在議論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）.例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名詞”構(gòu)造,“出乎賽過(guò)、規(guī)模、限度”.稀有的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信),beyondone’sreach（力所不及）,beyondone’scontrol（沒(méi)法控制）,beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及.例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“(質(zhì)量、行為、能力等)高出、高于”.例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“適于、為著”.如：forsale(銷(xiāo)售),forrent（出租）等.例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“在過(guò)程中或規(guī)模內(nèi)”稀有的有：inprint（在印刷中）,insight(在視線規(guī)模內(nèi)),等.例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“在從事中”.稀有的有：onsale(銷(xiāo)售),onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）.例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“ou