臨床醫(yī)學英語試題及答案3篇（精選文檔）

1/1臨床醫(yī)學英語試題及答案3篇（精選文檔）

臨床醫(yī)學英語試題及答案1一、將下列單詞或詞組譯成漢語：

1.cardiacarrhythmia2.microalbuminuria3.epidemicinfluenza

4.immunosuppression5.hyperglycemia6.lungcompliance

7.endoscopicultrasonography8.acutecholecysstitis

9.nosocomialinfection10.spectrumofdiseases

二、將下列單詞或詞組譯成英語

1.體溫計2.呼吸頻率3.生長因子4.炎性腸病5.早產(chǎn)

6.術(shù)前分期7.膽囊結(jié)石8.慢性支氣管炎9.血管造影術(shù)10.關(guān)節(jié)炎

三、英譯中

1.Thepatientphysicianinteractionproceedsthroughmanyphasesofclinicalreasoninganddecisionmaking.Theinteractionbeginswithanelucidationofcomplaintsorconcerns,followedbyinquiriesorevaluationtoaddresstheseconcernsinincreasinglypreciseways.Theprocesscommonlyrequiresacarefulhistoryorphysicalexamination,orderingofdiagnostictests,integrationofclinicalfindingswiththetestresults,understandingoftherisksandbenefitsofthepossiblecoursesofaction,andcarefulconsultationwiththepatientandfamilytodevelopfutureplans.Physiciansincreasinglycancallonagrowingliteratureofevidencebasedmedicinetoguidetheprocesssothatbenefitismaximized,whilerespectingindividualvariationsamongdifferentpatients

2.cognitiveimpairmentincreasesinprominenceaspeopleage.Cognitiveimpairmentisariskfactorforawiderangeofadverseoutcomes,includingfalls,immobilization,dependency,institutionalization,andmortality.Cognitiveimpairmentcomplicatesdiagnosisandrequiresadditionalcaregivingtoensuresafety.

Insomepatients,cognitiveimpairmentmaymaskthesymptomsofimportantconditions.Treatmentforonediseasemayaffectanotheradversely,asintheuseofaspirintopreventstrokeinindividualswithahistoryofpepticulcerdisease.Theriskforbecomingdisabledordependentalsoincreaseswiththenumberofdiseasespresent.Specificpairsofdiseasescanincreasesynergisticallytheriskofdisability.

3.Occultbleedingisdefinedasthedetectionofasymptomaticbloodlossfromthegastrointestinaltract,generallybyroutinefecaloccultbloodtestingorthepresenceofirondeficiencyanemia.obscuregastrointestinalbleedingisdefinedasbleedingofunknownoriginthatpersistsorrecursafteranegativeinitialendoscopicevaluationofboththeupperandlowergastrointestinaltracts.Bothoftheseentitiesmaybepresentationsofrecurrentorchronicbleeding.

4.“Shortnessofbreath”,“afeelingofnotbeingabletogetenoughair”,and“l(fā)aboredbreathing”arealltermsusedbypatientstodescribethesymptomofdyspnea.

Anincreaseddrivetoventilatemayalsocausedyspnea.Suchstimuliincludehypoxia,usuallywhenarterialoxygentensionsarelessthan60mmHg,andstimulifrominflamedlungparenchyma,asoccurinbacterialpneumoniaoralveolitisandthatdrivetherespiratorycentersofthebrain.Thesestimulioftenlowertherestingcarbondioxidepressuretolessthanthenormallevelof40mmHgandcausedyspnea,especiallyonmildexertion.

5.Afterseveralyears,mostdiabeticpatientsexhibitdiffuseglomerulosclerosis,althoughaminorityhavepathognomonicKimmelsteilwilsonnodularlesions.Althoughpathologicchangescontinuetomountthroughoutthedisease,glomerulosclerosisextensiveenoughtocauseESRDdevelopsinaminorityofpatients;inthesecases,overtalbuminuriabeginsapproximatedly15yearsafterdiagnosis.Soonafter,followingavariableperiodontheorderof3to5years,theGFRbeginsarelentlessdecline,whichiseventuallyreflectedbyanincreaseinserumcreatinine.TheappearanceofmassiveproteinuriaandthenephroticsyndromeiscommoninthiscontextandoftenheraldsprogressiontoESRD.Oncetheserumcreatininerises,ESRDdevelopsinmostpatientswithin10years.Thiscourseishighlyvariable,houever,particularlyintype2diabetics,whomayexhibitmoderateproteinuriaforseveralyearswithoutasubstantialdeteriorationofrenalfunction.

6.Thefirstsignsorsymptomsofcancerarefrequentlyduetometastasestovisceralornodalsites.Inmostsuchpatients,routineclinicalevaluationwithacomprehensivehistory,physicalexamination,completebloodcellcount,screeningchemistries,anddirectedradiologicevaluationofspecificsymptomsorsignsidentifiestheprimarytumor.Patientswhohavenoprimarytumorlocatedafterthisroutineclinicalevaluationaredefinedashavingcancerofunknownprimarysite.Furtherclinicalandpathologicevaluationwillidentifytheprimarysiteinonlyasmallminorityofpatients,andabout80%willneverhaveaprimarysiteidentifiedduringtheirsubsequentclinicalcourse.

7.Inthemanagementofthepregnanttraumapatient,thecriticalpointisthatresuscitationofthefetusisaccomplishedbyresuscitationofthemother.Therefore,theinitialevaluationandtreatmentofthepregnantinjuredpatientisidenticaltothatofthenonpregnantinjuredpatient.Rapidassessmentofthematernalairway,breathing,andcirculationandensuringanadequateairwayavoidsmaternalandfetalhypoxia.Inthelaterstagesofpregnancy,asalreadydescribed,uterinecompressionofthevenacavamayresultinhypotensionfromdiminishedvenousreturn,sothepregnanttraumapatientshouldbeplacedinleftlateraldecubitusposition.Ifspinalcordinjuryissuspected,thepatientmaybesecuredtoabackboardandthentiltedtotheleft.Theincreasedbloodvolumeassociatedwithpregnancyhasimportantimplicationsinthetraumapatient.Signsofbloodlosssuchastachycardiaandhypotensionmaybedelayeduntilthepatientlosesnearly30%ofherbloodvolume.

8.Postoperativesurgicalcomplicationsrepresentoneofthemostfrustratinganddifficultoccurrencesexperiencedbysurgeonswhodoasignificantvolumeofsurgery.Regardlessofhowtechnicallygifted,bright,andcapableasurgeonis,surgicalcomplicationsareavirtuallyguaranteedaspectoflife.Thecostof