國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)與商務(wù)英語b2004試題答案

東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)2004年招收入學(xué)考試初試B把單與合在一起的合同形式 匯票在提示時，如付款人付款或承兌，持票人為行使其追索權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)疆?dāng)?shù)鼗驒C(jī)構(gòu)做出 利擔(dān)保賣方按時、按質(zhì)、按量供應(yīng)符合合同規(guī)定的貨物，在合同有效期內(nèi)不發(fā) 項下 兩種

對些單位值不高商品經(jīng)采用按計量的方法即以毛作為計價格基礎(chǔ)，這方法也稱 。 DAF是屬 17國際貿(mào)易中真正可以稱為到岸價的價格術(shù)語 CIF貨人的倉庫的條款。在業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)口人收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符，在任何時候都可向出口。某公司出口電冰箱共1000臺，合同和信用證都規(guī)定分批裝運時有305%的增減。據(jù)此，輕工公司發(fā)貨時，可以裝運970。在出口憑樣品業(yè)務(wù)中，為了爭取國外客戶，便于達(dá)易，出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量按FOBCFRCIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語貨物在裝運港越過船舷以后風(fēng)險即告轉(zhuǎn)移巨浪等自然引起的部分損失。三、案例分析題（535）500由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國發(fā)生，在此之前某外貿(mào)企業(yè)與日商訂有三份煤炭出口合同，合同的商品名稱分別為：3．1990年，我國某外貿(mào)公司派遣貿(mào)易小組赴美設(shè)備，雙方在紐約已就設(shè)備規(guī)格、同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價36萬。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出的表殼為補償產(chǎn)品。約定每只表殼的返銷價格為2，每年返銷9萬只，兩年補償完備價款。之后3年，B方每年包銷A方5萬只表殼，價格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳細(xì)方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽訂后，應(yīng)B方要求，A方請求銀行向B方開出了以B方為受益人，總額為36萬的不可撤銷的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A方生產(chǎn)出第一批l萬只表殼，再經(jīng)B方驗收時，B方提出已接管B方全部財產(chǎn)，要求A方在3個月內(nèi)返還，否則，將以A行的擔(dān)保函，向A行追索36萬。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對待？我方A公司向舊金山B公司發(fā)盤某商品l00公噸，每公噸2400CIF舊金B(yǎng)公司回電稱接受你發(fā)盤，立即裝運A公司未作答復(fù)，又過了兩天B公司由舊金山花20%，A“約港，但卻增加了1500的運費請問，這筆運費應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequality,ofsuchgoodsbyexperience.High-techproductsrefertonomorethanproductsthatareproducedwithFirmsdependmanlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysa. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthisislow-browesteem.a. b.illi c. d.Productionb. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofa. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbuma. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifula.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainsta. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchfunctionalorganizationalstructureformalcustomerforwardverticalinnovationbundledtechnology10.contractmanufacturingGiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-contextYourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-sHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences------Masculinityvs.Femininity.(exampleKotler’sdefinitionofproductintermsofthe5levelYourownunderstandingofthedevelopmentinbusinessmanagement東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)2004年招收入學(xué)考試初試B一、填空題（每空1分，共20分把單與合在一起的合同形式叫聯(lián)合憑證匯票在提示時，如付款人付款或承兌，持票人為行使其追索權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)疆?dāng)?shù)鼗驒C(jī)構(gòu)做出。擔(dān)保賣方按時、按質(zhì)、按量供應(yīng)符合合同規(guī)定的貨物，在合同有效期內(nèi)不發(fā)二、判斷題（每題1分，共20分，正確劃√,錯誤劃CIF貨人的倉庫的條款。在業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)口人收貨后發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符，在任何時候都可向出口。某公司出口電冰箱共1000臺，合同和信用證都規(guī)定分批裝運時有30證總金額，交貨數(shù)量允許有5%的增減。據(jù)此，輕工公司發(fā)貨時，可以裝運970臺。。在出口憑樣品業(yè)務(wù)中，為了爭取國外客戶，便于達(dá)易，出口企業(yè)應(yīng)盡量按FOBCFRCIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語貨物在裝運港越過船舷以后風(fēng)險即告轉(zhuǎn)移巨浪等自然引起的部分損失?！?. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.8. 9.10.×8.19.×三、案例分析題（每題5分，共35分我國對澳大利亞出口1000公噸大豆，國外開來信用證規(guī)定：不允許分批裝運。結(jié)500根據(jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定單據(jù)表面上注明貨物是使用同一工具裝運并經(jīng)同一路線的，即使每套單據(jù)注明的裝運日期不同及/或裝運港、接受地由于不可抗力影響履行合同，按慣例可免除一定的責(zé)任。1976年7月我國能履行或不能如期履行合同，發(fā)生意外的一方可以免除履行合同的責(zé)任或推遲履行合3．1990年，我國某外貿(mào)公司派遣貿(mào)易小組赴美設(shè)備，雙方在紐約已就設(shè)備規(guī)格、4．19833我國某手表廠A與國外某鐘表公司B簽訂了—份補償貿(mào)易合同。合同規(guī)定B方向A方提供生產(chǎn)手表表殼的成套設(shè)備，設(shè)備作價36萬。A方以該設(shè)備生產(chǎn)出備價款。之后3年，B方每年包銷A方5萬只表殼，價格仍為每只2。合同附件中詳列明了B方提供設(shè)備的型號、規(guī)格及質(zhì)量要求，但對補償產(chǎn)品表殼的質(zhì)量、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及驗收方法只作了一般性規(guī)定。合同簽訂后B方要求，A方請求銀行向B方開出了以B方為受益人，總額為36萬的不可撤銷的擔(dān)保函。同年6月，設(shè)備運到，經(jīng)安裝調(diào)試，驗收合格。8月，A方生產(chǎn)出樣品，經(jīng)B方派員驗收，口頭通知A方合格。9月，A產(chǎn)出第一批l萬只表殼，再經(jīng)B收時，B方提出有質(zhì)量問題接受，為此雙方發(fā)生糾紛。10月A方接到該外國一人來函，稱其BA3AA銀行追索36萬。試分折此案例，中方應(yīng)如何對待？10月A方接到人的來函稱已接管B方全部財產(chǎn)要求A方在3個月內(nèi)返還。但是B方提供給A方的用于補償貿(mào)易的設(shè)備已經(jīng)不是B方的財產(chǎn)，而A方按照合同規(guī)定生產(chǎn)出來的產(chǎn)品才屬于B方財產(chǎn)所以該人無權(quán)要求A方返還設(shè)備而對于補償貿(mào)易商品，A方無法在3個月內(nèi)交付，此時應(yīng)和人商議，是否仍然按原來合同規(guī)定，由A方提品而人銷售，還是另行規(guī)定補償辦法。我方A公司向舊金山B公司發(fā)盤某品l00公噸，每公噸2400CIF舊B公司回電稱AB20%A公司BB，A即沒有做出還盤或接受，故合同不成立。B，ABAB的發(fā)盤作出接受，合同成立，這時，A青島某出口公司向出口一批蘋果合及來證均寫的是三級品但到發(fā)貨時才發(fā)現(xiàn)三級蘋果庫存告罄于是該出口公司改以二級交貨并在上加注“二級蘋果同意的話，我方必須想辦法用三級蘋果交貨，不然會因合同造成糾紛。國內(nèi)某公司以CIF紐約的價格條件向出口一批商品，由我方投保一切險及約港，但卻增加了1500的運費。請問，這筆運費應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)？為什么？(75分lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.（T）Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.（T）InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.（F）BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequalityofsuchgoodsbyexperience.（F）FirmsdependmainlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.（T）InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.（T）NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.（F）AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.（T）Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.（F）Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.（d）a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.（d）a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysresulted.（b）a. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthislow-browesteem.a. b. c. d.Peopleoflow-contextcultureresentintrusions.a. b. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.（a）a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofconsumers.a. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbumsales.a. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifulwilderness.a.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainstU.S.a. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchgoods:Goodswhosequalitycanbedetectedbyobservingbeforebuyingthem.Incontrast,experiencegoodsarethosewhosequalitycanonlybeknownbyusingthem.functionalorganizationalstructure:Themostwidelyusedorganizationalstructureintheworldtoday,withseniormanagementatthetop,middleandlowermanagersspreadoutdirectlybelow,andworkersatthebottom.Functionalstructurespromotespecializationofskillsandresources,enhancescareerdevelopmentwithinthespecialty,reducesduplicationofservices,whileontheotherhand,ittendtopromoteroutinetaskswithalimitedorientation.outsourcing:Theconceptoftakinginternal functionsandpayinganoutsidefirmtohandlethem.Outsourcingisdonetosavemoney,improvequality,or resourcesforotheractivities.Outsourcingwasfirstdoneinthedata-processingindustryandhasspreadtoareas,includingemessagingandcallcenters.Outsourcingisthewaveofthefuture.formalsystem:Theofficialwayasystemworksasdescribedination.Aformalsystemrestsonacceptedandfixeddefinitionsofdataandproceduresforcollecting,storing,processing,disseminating,andusingthesedata.Theformalsystemsarestructured,thatis,theyoperateinconformitywithpredefinedrulesthatarerelativelyfixedandnoteasilychanged.customerculture:Aculturethatincorporatescustomersatisfactionasanintegralpartofthecorporatemission,andutilizesanunderstandingofcustomerbehaviorasinputtoallofitsmarketingnsanddecisions.brand:Anameorsymbolusedtoidentifythesourceofgoodsorservices,andtodifferentiatethemfromthoseofothers.Brandingprotectsaseller'sproductsagainstthosemarketedbycompetitorsandimitatorsandhelpsconsumersidentifythequality,consistency,andimageryofapreferredsource.forwardverticalFDI:AformofverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatsellstheoutputsofafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.ForwardverticalFDIismuchlesscommonthanbackwardverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatprovidesinputsforafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.innovationcompatibility:Thisistheextenttowhichaproductisconsistentwithexistingvaluesandpastexperiencesofadopters.Thehistoryofproductfailuresininternationalmarketingisrepletewithexamplesthatwerecausedbythelackofcompatibilityofthenewproductsinthetargetmarket.bundledtechnology:Itreferstocontrolledtechnologythattheowneriswilltotransferonlyaspartofapackage,generallyincludinganownershipinterestintheforeignaffiliateusingthetechnology.Incontrast,unbundledtechnologyismadeavailableindependentoftechnologyr’stotalpackageofresources.contractmanufacturing:Manufacturingonthebasisofacontract.Customassemblypercustomer’srequirements.GiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-context【Answer】EdwardT.Hallhassuggestedtheconceptofhighandlowcontextasawayofunderstandingdifferentculturalorientation.Inlow-contextculture,messagesareexplicit;wordscarrymostoftheinformationincommunication.Inahigh-contextculture,lessinformationiscontainedintheverbalpartofamessage,sincemuchmoreinformationisinthecontextofcommunication,whichincludesthebackground,associations,andbasicvaluesoftheIngeneral,high-contextculturesgetalongwithmuchlesslegalpaperworkthanisdeemedessentialinlow-contextcultures.Inahigh-contextculture,a ’swordishisorherbond.Thereislessneedtoanticipatecontingenciesandprovideforexternallegalsanctionsinaculturethatemphasizesobligationsandtrustasimportantvalues.Inthesecultures,sharedfeelingsofobligationandhonortaketheceofimallegalsanctions—thustheimportanceoflongandprotractednegotiationsthatneverseemtogettothepoint.Partofthepurposeofnegotiatingfora ahigh-contextcultureistogettoknowthepotentialpartner.Yourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-handspreferred).【Answer】Theconsequencesofglobalizationarefar-reaching.Manyofthechangesbyglobalizationarepresentinguswithnewformsofrisk(manufacturedrisks,environmentalrisks,andhealthrisks).In1992,thedistanceintermsofwealthbetweentheworld'srichestandtheworld'spoorestcountrywasapproximay72to1.In1820,itwasabout3to1.Globalizationseemstobeexacerbatingthesetrendsbyfurtherconcentrating e,wealth,andresourceswithinasmallcoreofcountries.Globalizationisfundamentallyunderminingtheroleofnationalernmentsandproducingaworldorderinwhichtheyarelesscentral.TheWorldTradeOrganizationersarguedthattradeandeconomicglobalizationfurtherconcentratewealthinthehandsofafewwhileincreasingpovertyforthemajorityoftheworld'spopulation.Accordingtotheers,globaltradepavesthewayforlargetransnationalcorporationstoexploitlaborersandthenaturalresourcesinthedevelocountries.Manyareconvincedthattradewillweakentheeconomicpositionofpoorsocietiesbyallowingtransnationalcorporationstooperatewithfewornosafetyandenvironmentalregulations.Commercialinterests,theyclaim,areincreasinglytakingprecedenceoverconcernforhumanwell-Hofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferencesMasculinityvs.Femininity.【Answer】InHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences,the dimensionismasculinityversusfemininity.AccordingtoHofstede,somesocietiesallowbothmenandwomentotakemanydifferentroles.Othersinsistthatpeoplebehaveaccordingtorigidroles.Whensocietiesmakeasharpdivisionbetweenmaleandfemaleactivities,Hofstedeclaims“thedistributionisalwayssuchthatmentakemoreassertiveanddominantrolesandwomenthemoreservice-orientedandcaringroles”.Underthecategorymasculinityheputssocietiesthatemphasizeassertivenessandtheacquisitionofmoneyandmaterialthings,whiledeemphasizingcaringforothers.Incontrast,underthecategoryfemininityheputssocietiesthatemphasizerelationships,membersputhumanrelationshipsbeforemoneyandareconcernedwiththequalityoflife,preservingtheenvironment,andhelothers.HofstedefoundJapantobethemostmasculinecountry.InJapan,almostallwomenareexpectedtostayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Attheotherextreme,hefoundtheNordiccountriesandtheNetherlandstobethemostfeminine.Thereit’scommontoseemenstayinghomeashousehusbandswhiletheirwiveswork;andworkingmenareofferedpate