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LEGOToyManufacturing(Jiaxing)ChinaFactoryProject玩具中國(guó)工廠項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目GenerallConttractoor&SSteelSStructture總包和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工工程1.3.StteelwoorkMeethodStateement鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工方案案Contentts目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc381431148"Sectionn1EdditionnInsttructiionErrror!RRefereencessourceenotfoundd.所示。由由于本工程中中,CN02203單體跨跨度大,鋼柱柱采用格構(gòu)柱柱重量大,桁桁架截面較高高;故以CN00203單體體進(jìn)行論述。SteelwoorkSttructuureInnstalllationnLayoout鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝裝單體布置圖圖ConstruuctionnflowwCN0203施施工工藝流程程,如下圖所所示:7.3.Hooistinng7.3.吊裝裝綜述Sequencceoferecttion((CN02003)安裝順序(CNN0203)Sequencceoferecttion安裝方向Cranemmovemeentdiirectiion吊車車移動(dòng)方向Locaationofmoobilecranee吊車站位位位置InstalllationnLayoout安裝平面圖圖Positiooningofcrraneaandthhesellectinngofcranee吊裝工程量Aftersshopddrawinng,thheweiightoofalllthecompoonentssasffollowwingTTablea:經(jīng)過(guò)分析圖紙,所所有構(gòu)件的重重量清單如下下表a所示。Tableaa.LifftingQuanttitiess表a.吊裝工程程量Item序號(hào)SteelTType構(gòu)件類型QTY構(gòu)件數(shù)量(Noos.)Max.weeightofsiinglecompoonentss(T)構(gòu)件最大單根重重量SteelCColumnn鋼柱1969.2TSteelrrooffframe鋼屋架72榀桁架拼裝后4..5TTiebarr系桿3840.36Horizonntalsslanteedsuppport水平斜撐2280.1Slanteddsuppportbbetweeenpossts柱間斜撐1640.12Other其他0.05Construuctionnproccessssketchh施工工藝圖圖示說(shuō)明如下下:Steelroofframeeasseemblyonthhegroound鋼屋架現(xiàn)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)地面拼裝Sectionnfabrricatiionacccordiingtoodesiigndrrawinggs根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙分分段制作;Deliverrytositeandsspliciinginnsecttions運(yùn)至現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行分分段拼裝:鋼柱拼裝:=+=+=+桁架拼裝:=+Assembllyofslanttedsuupporttontthegrround按照下列圖示進(jìn)進(jìn)行吊裝第一步:吊裝格格構(gòu)柱第二步:吊裝桁桁架第三步:吊裝桁桁架Attacheedareephottosoffoursimillarprrojectts(eaaves112mhiigh,sspean25m,colummnspaace188m)附,我司已經(jīng)施施工過(guò)同類型型的照片。(檐口高度12m,跨度25m,柱距18m)Cranesselecttion吊機(jī)選用Accordiingtootheweighhtofaboveemateerialss,wefounddoutthatthehheavieestpaartiss9.2Tanndothherstteelmmemberrisllesstthen44.5T,meanwwhile,,thehigheestheeightinpiiperaackarreaiss24m,aandthhemaxximumradiuumis12m.Thherefoore,wweprooposetousse75Tmoobilecranee.根據(jù)上述材料重重量發(fā)現(xiàn),本本單體最重為為組合型格構(gòu)構(gòu)柱,重9.2T。其余構(gòu)件均均未超過(guò)4..5T;根據(jù)該區(qū)區(qū)域最高工作作高度為244m,最大作業(yè)業(yè)半徑為12m,因此,計(jì)計(jì)劃選用755T吊車。K–Rattedliiftinggloadd額定起重:15.5TK1–Weeighttobeeliftted待吊構(gòu)件重重量:9.22tK2–Weiightoofhoook吊鉤重量:0.6tK3–Weeightofriiggingg索具重量:0.1tK4-Cooefficcientofsaafety安安全系數(shù):75%Totalwweightttobbeliffted待吊物總重重量:K1+K22+K3=99.2+0..6+0.1=9.9TAlloweddtotaallifftingweighht允許起重總總量:K×K4=15..5x75%%=11..6TAlloweddtotaallifftingweighht>TTotalweighhttobeliifted,,itmmeetsthelliftinngreqquiremments..允許起重總總量>待吊物物總重量,滿滿足吊裝要求求。Calculaationofliiftinggbelttsforrsteeelmemmbers吊裝鋼構(gòu)件吊帶帶計(jì)算:CalculaatedggravittyGffromccomponnentooneacchlifftingbelt計(jì)算每根吊帶所所受的構(gòu)件重重力GG=9.2××9.8=990.16KKNTensileeforcceofliftiingbeelt:吊帶所受拉力為為:Lookupthettable,,wekknowtthatwwhenttheannglebbetweeentwoolifttingbbeltsis455°~60°°,froomtheeformmulaFF=0.711*K*G,,itiis:查表可得,當(dāng)兩兩根吊帶的夾夾角為45°~660°時(shí),由公式F=0.771*K*GG得:F=0.771*K*GG=0..71*4**90.166=256..1KN/99.8=226132kkgFacctualtensiilefoorce為實(shí)際拉力力(KN)Ktootalbbreakiingfoorcesofstteelwwirerrope為安全系數(shù)數(shù),取K=4Gtootalbbreakiingfoorcesofstteelwwirerrope為構(gòu)件重力力(KN)Wepropposettousee2noss.15Tlifftingbelt::totaalbreeakinggforcceofliftiingbeeltiss100000kg.計(jì)劃采用2根15噸的吊帶::其破斷拉力力總和為30000kkgConclussion結(jié)論:30000kkg﹥261322kgSoitiissaffetouse115Tliiftinggbeltt選用15噸的吊吊帶吊裝鋼結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)是安全的的。Shackleeseleectionn卸扣選用Calculaationasfoollowss驗(yàn)算如下:Endfitttingss=acctualelevaatingcapaccity**4(saafetycoeffficiennt)端部配件=實(shí)際際起重量*4(安全系數(shù))Shackleeforliftiingcrranebbeam:9.2t//2×4=118.4t,,accoordinggtottechniicalpparameeterttableofshhacklee,4typeshackklemeeetsrrequirrementts.吊裝吊車梁卸扣扣選用:9..2t/22×4=188.4t,,查卸扣技技術(shù)參數(shù)表得得知4型卸扣符合合要求。LiftingHeight工作高度LiftingHeight工作高度WorkingRadius最大作業(yè)半徑LiftingWeight工作重量Positiooningofcrranedduringglifttingoofsteeelworrk吊裝時(shí)吊車車站位示意圖圖7.4.Prrotecttionfforeqquipmeent’sarooundttheinnstalllationnareaabefoorewoork7.4.安裝裝前周邊設(shè)施施的保護(hù)和防防護(hù)Wewoulldarrrangeprofeessionnalsaafetysuperrvisorrtoeensureetheconsttructiionfoorzerroerrroranndzerrolosss.本工程設(shè)置專業(yè)業(yè)安全員以確確保安全,并并確保工程的的如期順利進(jìn)進(jìn)行和施工過(guò)過(guò)程的零錯(cuò)誤誤和零損失。Mainmeeasureesaree:采取的主要措施施為:Insulattionoofconnstrucctionarea::SetupinnsulattionbbandaandallarmbboardoutsiideoffconsstructtionaareattoavLiftingHeight工作高度8.9mWorkingRadius最大作業(yè)半徑12mLiftingWeight工作重量0.65TooidottherppersonntoggointLiftingHeight工作高度8.9mWorkingRadius最大作業(yè)半徑12mLiftingWeight工作重量0.65T施工區(qū)域的隔離離:為防止人人員誤闖施工工區(qū)域,在施施工區(qū)域外圍圍設(shè)置隔離帶帶和警示牌;;Fallprrotecttion:Addssafetyynetattoobepprotecctedaareattomakkefalllprootectiionfoortheeperssonnellandobjeccts.防墜落:考慮防防止人員和物物品的墜落,本本工程故采用用對(duì)于待保護(hù)護(hù)區(qū)域加設(shè)安安全網(wǎng);Fireprooof:LLayfiirebllankettontthepllacewwherethereeishhotwoorktooensuurethhereiisnottflakkeorfalliingoffsparrk.防火:現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需要要?jiǎng)踊鸬牡胤椒剑枰佋O(shè)設(shè)防火毯,以以確保無(wú)火星星或火花的墜墜落;Protecttionoofequuipmenntinconsttructiionarrea施工區(qū)域的設(shè)備備的防護(hù)Forequuipmenntundderthheconnstrucctionarea,,setupsccaffolldingaboveetheequippmentandllaythhefirreblaanket..對(duì)于涉及在施工工區(qū)域下方的的設(shè)備,需要要在設(shè)備上方方搭設(shè)腳手架架以保護(hù)設(shè)備備,并鋪設(shè)防防火毯。Protecttionoofpipping管線的防護(hù)Asitwwilluusegaascutttingdurinnginsstallaationofstteelsstructture,theppipinggintthecoonstruuctionnareaashouuldbeecoveeredbbytheefireeblannket.因在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工工時(shí)不可避免免的需要使用用氣割,因此此在施工區(qū)域域內(nèi)的管線需需要用防火毯毯覆蓋,以免免破壞管線。7.5.Sccaffollding7.5.腳手手架的搭設(shè)ScaffolldingmethoodshoouldbbesubbmitteedanddapprrovedbyFOONTERRRA(YIING)//supeervisiionbeeforescafffoldinngcarrriedout.IInpreeparinngtheemethhodfoorscaaffoldding,accepptanceecalcculatiionshhouldbecoonducttedinnaccoordanccewitthrellevanttspeccificaationss.應(yīng)先提交腳手架架方案給FONTEERRA((YING))/監(jiān)理,經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)批準(zhǔn)后方可可開(kāi)始進(jìn)行腳腳手架搭設(shè)。在在編制腳手架架方案時(shí),應(yīng)應(yīng)根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行行驗(yàn)算。Thetecchnicaalenggineerrwilllgiveeexpllanatiiontoothescafffoldinngworrkers,,inclludinggindiicatinngtheelocaationandrrequirrementt.Anddthesafettysuppervissorshhouldcheckk,insspectiionanndacccepttthemaateriaalanddfitttings..由工地負(fù)責(zé)人向向架設(shè)人員交交底,包含指指定腳手架的的搭設(shè)位置和和要求;并指指派安全人員員對(duì)搭設(shè)腳手手架所需的必必要材料和構(gòu)構(gòu)配件等進(jìn)行行檢查、檢測(cè)測(cè)和驗(yàn)收。Inthissprojject,wewooulduusecoouplerr-steeelpippescaaffoldding.Andfforthhediffferenntinsstallaationmethoodsfoorvarrioussteellworkss,wemighttusehoisttrackkandfull--lappeedscaaffoldding.Wewiillarrrangeeproffessioonalcconstrructioonteaamtosetuuptheescafffoldiing.本工程采用扣件件式鋼管腳手手架,根據(jù)相相應(yīng)的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)安裝方法而而采用井字架架和滿堂腳手手架。腳手架架的搭設(shè)由具具有相應(yīng)資質(zhì)質(zhì)的專業(yè)施工工隊(duì)伍施工。Requireementofseettinggupsscaffooldingg:腳手架的搭設(shè)要要求:Thescaaffolddingiistheekinddofssteelpipe..Befooreseettinggup,givesafettyanddtechhnologgyexpplanattionttotheeworkkertooensuurethheloccationn.Theeworkkershhouldbeprrofesssionall.腳手架采用鋼管管施工腳手架架,施工腳手手架搭設(shè)前必必須進(jìn)行安全全技術(shù)交底;;以確定搭設(shè)設(shè)區(qū)域,搭設(shè)設(shè)施工腳手架架的操作人員員必須由專業(yè)業(yè)人員(架子子工)進(jìn)行。Thematteriallshouuldbee?48××3.5mmmpipee.AnddthecoupllershhouldcompllywitththeerequuiremeentoffStanddardoofSteeelPiipeSccaffolldingCoupllerisssuedbyMiinistrryofConsttructiion.腳手架應(yīng)采用??48×3..5mm鋼管作為基基材,各類扣件選選用必須符合合建設(shè)部頒發(fā)發(fā)的《鋼管腳腳手架扣件標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》要求。Thefouundatiionoffthescafffoldinngshoouldbbefirrm.Seetupbottoomhorrizonttalbaar20ccm—30cmaboveethegrounnd.腳手架基礎(chǔ)必須須堅(jiān)固。架體體離地面20cm—30cm處必須設(shè)置置掃地桿,起起步應(yīng)整體配配合搭設(shè)。Thelenngthoofoveerlapofthhepippesshhouldbeeqqualoormorrethaan4000mmanndtheecoupplersforttheovverlappshouuldnootbelessthan2pieeces.Thellocatiionoffthecoupllershhouldbe≥50mmfromtheeendoffthepipe..Thecoupllerssshoulddbettightwiththettorqueeof44.5—5kg.mm.腳手架鋼管搭接接應(yīng)大于等于于400mm,不少于二二只扣件,扣扣件設(shè)置應(yīng)在在鋼管末端的的≥50mm處,各類扣扣件必須緊固固,使之扭矩矩達(dá)到4.5—5kg.m的范圍。Setupasettofbbracinngontheffourssideswithangleeof445°—60°toofirmmthescafffoldinng.Anndmakkeharrdtieetoaavoidthesscaffooldinggfrommshakkingaaccorddingttorulle.架體的四個(gè)立面面內(nèi)外側(cè)各設(shè)設(shè)一組剪刀撐撐,其角度為為450—600,使腳手架架形成整體穩(wěn)穩(wěn)定體系;按按規(guī)定做好硬硬拉結(jié),防止止架體晃動(dòng)。Addtwoobarssinsiidefoorlayyingtthesccaffolldingplatee.Theescafffoldiingshhouldbesttraighhtinthevverticcalanndhorrizonttaldiirectiionsaandtiietigghtly..Setuptwworaiilsonntheoutsiideoffeverryspaan(uppperrrailoof1.22mhigghanddtoebaroof0.44mhiggh).架體寬度內(nèi)設(shè)二二根擱柵(牽牽杠),便于于鋪設(shè)跳板,整整個(gè)架體要做做到橫平豎直直,連接牢固固,每步腳手手架外立面必必須設(shè)置二道道護(hù)欄,(上上護(hù)欄高度1.2m,踢腳桿0.4m)。Theenddoftthesccaffolldingshoulldbesealeed.Thheouttsidepostshoulldbe1mhiigherthantheiinsideepostt.Settuprrailinngarooundtthewoorkinggplattformwithheighhtof1.2m..Thetoebbarshhouldbe0..4mhiigh.TTheraailinggshouuldbeeclossed.腳手架施工完成成后必須做好好封頭,形成成外面立桿比比里面立桿高高1m,施工面作作業(yè)平臺(tái)四周周必須設(shè)置防防護(hù)欄桿,高高度為1.2m,踢腳桿0.4m,并作全封封閉圍護(hù)。Theacccessaarounddtheworkiingpllatforrmshoouldlleadffreelyyandlaywwithsscaffooldinggplatte.Thhescaaffolddingpplateshoulldbefixeddtopprevennttheeendraisiing.TTakeiinsulaationmeasuurewhheretthediistanccebettweenpostandssteelformwworkiismorrethaan2500mm.腳手架施工面//工作平臺(tái)走走道應(yīng)四周貫貫通,必須用用腳手架板滿滿堂鋪設(shè),并并固定牢固,防防止腳手板翹翹頭,當(dāng)立桿桿和鋼模距離離大于250mm時(shí),必須做做好隔離措施施。Aftertthesccaffolldinghavebeenfinisshed,acceppttheepostteverry6M..Thescafffoldinngcouuldbeeuseddafteeritisacccepteed.立柱腳手架搭設(shè)設(shè)完畢應(yīng)按每每6M高度驗(yàn)收,經(jīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)收合格后后掛牌,方可可施工。Setupsafesignandffireeextingguisheerouttoftthesccaffollding..腳手架施工面外外側(cè)必須設(shè)置置醒目的安全全警告標(biāo)志和和滅火機(jī)。7.6HoiistinggandInstaallinggSteeelCollumn7.6、鋼柱吊吊安裝Usehyddrauliicaerrialccagettolifftworrkerstothheworrkpossitionn.Seeethepictuurebeelow.高空作業(yè)車將工工人送到作業(yè)業(yè)高度。圖示示如下:Applyttwoliiftinggbelttstobindthessteelcolummnwheenhoiistingg.Puttwooddencuushionnbetwweenlliftinngbelltswiireroopeanndsteeelcoolumntoprrotecttthecoatiing,aandappplyccablewindropetofiixtheewooddencuushionntoaavoidslippping.Tempoorarillyhoiistthhecollumnsslowlyyto220cmaandsttop,ccheckthesstabillityoofhoiistinggropeeandcranee,anddturnnontthetuurninggbrakke,anndhoiistthhecollumn440~1000mmabbovettheleevelttobeinstaalled,,andcheckkthebasicclinee,theenlowwdownnbygguidinng,anndinssertttheannchorboltsstempporariilytoocoluumn,aandaffteriinitiaalcorrrectiion,aandcoontrollthetolerranceinveerticaalitywithiin20mmmtheenunhhooktthecrrane,andccheckthevverticcalityywithhtheoodolitte,anndadjjustiiftheereissanyerrorr.Cheeckthheconntrolllingbblockforbbottommandelevaationtoavvoidccavityysoaastoavoiddandhorizzontallelevvationnerroordurringaadjusttment..鋼柱的綁扎采用用兩根吊帶大大綁進(jìn)行起吊吊,為保護(hù)其其表面涂層以以及延緩吊帶帶的磨損,用用墊木置于吊吊帶與鋼柱中中間,并用纜纜風(fēng)繩將墊木木綁牢以防墊墊木滑動(dòng)。鋼鋼柱起吊時(shí)吊吊機(jī)將綁扎好好的柱子緩緩緩吊起離地20cm后暫定,檢檢查吊索牢固固和吊車穩(wěn)定定,同時(shí)打開(kāi)開(kāi)回轉(zhuǎn)剎車,然然后將鋼柱下下放到離安裝裝面40-1000mm,對(duì)準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)線,指揮吊吊車下降,把把柱子插入錨錨固螺栓臨時(shí)時(shí)固定,鋼柱柱經(jīng)初校后,待待垂直度偏差差控制在20mm以內(nèi)方可使使起重機(jī)脫鉤鉤,鋼柱的垂垂直度用經(jīng)緯緯儀檢驗(yàn),如如有偏差立即即進(jìn)行校正,在在校正過(guò)程中中隨時(shí)觀察底底部和標(biāo)高控控制塊扎之間間是否脫空,以以防校正過(guò)程程中造成水平平標(biāo)高誤差。(a)Planneloccationn平面布置;;(b)Rotatting旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程;1-whenlayccolumnnhoriizontaally柱平放時(shí),2-Durinnghoiistingg起吊中途,3-Vertiical直立Steelccolumnnhoissting鋼柱吊裝示意圖圖Adjusttheccolumnnvertticaliitybyytwotheoddoliteessetttingatveerticaalanddhoriizontaalaxiisaimmingaattheevertticalflanggeorcentrralliineattcoluumnboottom,,thennupttotheecoluumntoo.Iftheccentraallinneisoutoofsigght,iitmeaansthhatthheverrticallisnnotinnverttical,,andshalllguiddetoadjusstanddropeeorssupporrt,anndknoocktoomakeethecolummnverrticalletc..normmallytheaadjusttmentwillbecaarrieddonaaftertheccolumnnsareeerecctediinrowwbyssettinngtwootheoodolittesattonesideofveerticaalanddhoriizontaalaxiis,noormalllydevviatinngtheecenttralllinennomorrethaan3m(assshownindrrawingg).Reeviewandaadjusttthecolummnagaainwhhenhooistinngroooftruussorrinsttallvverticcalcoomponeents.柱子的垂直校正正,測(cè)量用兩兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀安安置在縱橫軸軸線上,先對(duì)對(duì)準(zhǔn)柱底垂直直翼緣板或中中線,再漸漸漸仰視到柱頂頂,如中線偏偏離視線,表表示柱子不垂垂直,可指揮揮調(diào)節(jié)拉繩或或支撐,可用用敲打等方法法使柱子垂直直。在實(shí)際工工作中,常把把成排的柱子子都豎起來(lái),然然后進(jìn)行校正正。這時(shí)可把把兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀儀分別安置在在縱橫軸線一一側(cè),偏離中中線一般不得得大于3mm(如圖所示)。在吊裝屋屋架時(shí)或安裝裝豎向構(gòu)件時(shí)時(shí),還須對(duì)鋼鋼柱進(jìn)行復(fù)核核校正。ColumnCentralline柱子中心線ColumnCentralline柱子中心線Sightoftheodolite經(jīng)緯儀視線Sightoftheodolite經(jīng)緯儀視線Sketchxi:AAdjusttandsurveeyverrticallityoofsteeelcoolumn鋼柱垂直校正測(cè)測(cè)量示意圖7.7.HooistinnganddAdjuustinggSteeelBeaam7.7、鋼梁吊吊裝、找正Beforeinstaallatiionoffsteeelbeaam,tiieliffelinnesallongwwingeedgesofstteelbbeam.鋼梁安裝前,在在鋼梁上翼緣緣拉好生命線線。圖示如下下:生命線直爬梯作為上下通道生命線直爬梯作為上下通道Assembllytheebeammoftthesiidesppanfiirstaaftersteellbeammcompponenttsbeeendellivereedtosite..Appllytwoo-poinnttoturnoverthessteelbeamandhhoistupbyyshorrtsteeeltuubeanndwooodenbbymannpowerr.Triialhooistinngshaallbeecarrriedoonforrseveeralttimesafterrturnnoverrandre-biindthhehoiistinggcablleintime..Thetriallhoisstingshalllbesslowaandmaakesuurethhatevveryhhoistiingpoointwwithtthesaamesttressandtthestteelbbeamsshallbewiithouttanydeforrmatioon,anndtheenrottatettodessigneddlocaationandttheprre-fassteneddconttrolliingroopeonnbeammshalllbepulleedbymanpooweroongroound,torootatetoceertainnlocaate,aandappplysspanneertoposittiontthehoolefoorcollumnaandbeeam,aandappplybboltstofiix.Addd4ttemporrarywwindrropestofiixtheefirsststeeelbeeam.AAndappplyrroofppurlinnandjointtingbbeamttotemmporarrilyffixthhebeaamaftterthheseccondbbeamaandussehannginghammeertocheckkitsvertiicalittytomeetwithrequiiremennts(aasinddicateedinsketcch)鋼梁構(gòu)件運(yùn)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng),邊跨的的梁先應(yīng)拼裝裝。鋼梁扶正正需要翻身起起板時(shí)采用兩兩點(diǎn)翻身起板板法,人工用用短鋼管及方方木臨時(shí)輔助助起板。鋼梁梁翻身就位后后需要進(jìn)行多多次試吊并及及時(shí)重新綁扎扎吊索,試吊吊時(shí)吊車起吊吊一定要緩慢慢上升,做到到各吊點(diǎn)位置置受力均勻并并以鋼梁不變變形為最佳狀狀態(tài),達(dá)到要要求后即進(jìn)行行吊升旋轉(zhuǎn)到到設(shè)計(jì)位置,再再由人工在地地面拉動(dòng)預(yù)先先扣在大梁上上的控制繩,轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到位后,即即可用板鉗來(lái)來(lái)定柱梁孔位位,同時(shí)用螺螺栓固定。并并且第一榀鋼鋼梁應(yīng)增加四四根臨時(shí)固定定攬風(fēng)繩,第第二榀后的大大梁則用屋面面檀條及連系系梁加以臨時(shí)時(shí)固定,在固固定的同時(shí),用用吊錘檢查其其垂直度,使使其符合要求求(如圖所示)。1-Locattionbbeforeehoissting吊升前的位位置;2-Locattiondduringghoissting吊升過(guò)程中中的位置;3-Locaationafterrposiitioniing對(duì)位(就位位)后位置Sketchforhhoistiingstteelbbeam鋼梁起吊示示意圖Inthissprojject,useccranetoliiftthhesteeelmeemberss.Theeloaddshouuldnootbemorethan75%ooftheealloowableeloaddtoaavoidoverlloadaaccideent.WWhenlliftinngtheemembbers,thelliftinnghoookanddthepulleeybloockshhouldkeepvertiicalaandthhemacchineandtthepeersonshoulldcoooperatte.本工程構(gòu)件起吊吊采用吊車起起吊,吊機(jī)的的負(fù)荷不應(yīng)超超過(guò)該機(jī)允許許負(fù)荷的75%,以免負(fù)荷荷過(guò)大而造成成事故,在起起吊時(shí)必須對(duì)對(duì)吊機(jī)和配合合人員統(tǒng)一指指揮,使人機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)作協(xié)調(diào),互互相配合,在在整個(gè)吊裝過(guò)過(guò)程中,吊機(jī)機(jī)的吊鉤、滑滑車組都應(yīng)基基本保持垂直直狀態(tài)。7.8.InnstalllingPPulinggandSuppoortSyystem7.8檁條及支支撐系統(tǒng)的安安裝Hoistppurlinnandsuppoortsyystemcoopeeratinngwitthsteeelsttructuureerrectioonforrcrosssworrktoformflowinstaallatiion檁條及支撐撐系統(tǒng)應(yīng)配合合鋼結(jié)構(gòu)吊裝裝,進(jìn)行交叉叉作業(yè),流水水施工。Pulleywheellmaybeaddopteddtoiinstalllpurrlinttomakketheebolttsloccationncorrrectwwithrreasonnablescrewwingddegreee.Arrrangeworkeertohangtoroooforrwallltorrelateedloccationnaccoordinggtotthesppecifiicatioonanddlocaationofpuurlin..檁條安裝可采用用以滑輪借力力法安裝,安安裝要求螺孔孔位置對(duì)準(zhǔn),擰擰緊程度合理理。根據(jù)檁條條規(guī)格和使用用部位,采用用人工借力懸懸拉至屋面或或墻立面相應(yīng)應(yīng)位置安裝。Installlthesuppoortinntimeeandincoorrecttionttoguaaranteeetheeoverrallrrigidandsstabillity.支撐應(yīng)及時(shí)安裝裝,安裝位置準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確,確保鋼鋼結(jié)構(gòu)整體剛剛度和穩(wěn)定性性。Adjustthevverticcalityyandlevellnessamonggcompponenttsimmmediattelyaafterhoisttingccompleeted吊裝完成后馬上上調(diào)整構(gòu)件間間之垂直度及及水平度。Installlandadjusstsuppportamonggcoluumnsaandhoorizonntalssupporrtintimesoasstogguarannteetthecoorrecttbasiiclinneofcontiinuousscompponentts.WWhenaadjusttcoluumnsuupportt,scrrewupponesideofsuupporttandreleaasethheothhersiide.SScrewupthhecollumnssupporrttobetiightwwhentthecoolumnachieevingrelattedveerticaalitywithooutovversccrewinngtocauseedamaagetoocompponentts.Appplyttheriidgeppointandttheceentrallpoinnttoadjussttheehoriizontaalsuppportfromeavetoriight,andpparalllelthhetoppbeammsotthatttokeeeprooofverrticall.Inword,,theincliiningsuppoortcaanonllybetighttenedafterrthevertiicalittyofallccomponnentshavebeenadjussted.為確保連續(xù)構(gòu)件件間的正確準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)線,需及時(shí)時(shí)安裝柱間支支撐及水平支支撐及調(diào)整這這些支撐。調(diào)調(diào)整柱撐應(yīng)使使一邊柱撐鎖鎖緊另一邊放放松,當(dāng)柱已已達(dá)到垂直度度時(shí),則柱撐撐應(yīng)該最后鎖鎖緊到“拉緊”狀況,但不不要把斜撐鎖鎖太緊而損害害構(gòu)件。從屋屋檐到屋脊系系利用屋脊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)為中心點(diǎn)調(diào)調(diào)整水平支撐撐,并對(duì)齊屋屋頂梁就能保保持屋頂垂直直。總之只有有待調(diào)整所有有構(gòu)件垂直度度方正后方可可鎖緊斜撐。Normalllytheebraccketoofbeaamshaallbeejoinntedffromggrounddtorroofbbeam,andaapplyboltsstocconneccttoroofpurliinaftterbeeenhooistedd.Appplyexxpansiionbooltsttofixxtheangleesteeel,anndtheegablleangglestteeliisbettterttobefixeddonttheeddgeoffflanngebeelowggablepurliinfroomeavvetoridgee.一般梁隅撐均是是在地上連接接至屋頂梁上上,吊裝后才才使用螺栓連連結(jié)到屋面檁檁條上。臺(tái)度度角鋼采用膨膨脹螺栓固定定,山墻角鋼鋼安裝則由檐檐口至屋脊并并最好固定于于山墻檁條之之下翼沿上。Adjustthellevelnnessoofpurrliniintimmewheeninsstalliingroooftiieroddandpullrod,andrrectiffyanyydisttortiooncauuseddduringgdeliiverinngorstackkingppurlinn.屋面系桿及拉桿桿安裝時(shí)要及及時(shí)調(diào)整檁條條的水平度,并并糾正檁條因因運(yùn)輸或堆放放中造成的彎彎曲變形等。Installlthepulliingroodofpurliinaftterpuurlininstaallatiion.IInserttthesuppoortoffpurllintoothepurliinchaannel,,andbendtherremainnedsuupportt90°ddownfforwarrd.Maakewooodentosppecifyylenggthacccordiingtoothespaceeofppurlinnifaapplyф12rooundbbarfoorsuppport..Withhdrawsuchwoodeenafttersccrewinngupthebbolts..在檁條安裝完成成后,安裝檁檁條拉條,將將檁條支撐插插入檁條槽并將出頭向向下彎折90°。如采用ф12園鋼支撐,先先按檁條間距距制作木方定定尺,待螺母母擰緊后將木木方定尺撤出出。7.9Insttallattionaandatttentiionoffhighhstreengthbolt7.9.高強(qiáng)強(qiáng)度螺栓的安安裝方法及注注意事項(xiàng)Thehigghstrrengthhbolttshouuldbeeof110.9ggradetorsiionshhearttypehhighsstrenggthboolt.TThetiightenningsshoulddbeoopeninngscrrewanndcommpletiingsccrew.本工程高強(qiáng)螺栓栓采用10.9級(jí)扭剪型高高強(qiáng)螺栓。高高強(qiáng)度螺栓的的擰緊分為初初擰,終擰。PrelimiinarytightteninggandfinalltighhteninngoftorsiionalshearrtypeehighhstreengthboltshoulldmeeettheerequuiremeentoffGB500205-22001扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓栓連接副的初初擰和終擰應(yīng)應(yīng)滿足GB502205-20001要求;Theinsstallaationofhiighsttrengtthbolltsshhouldbedooneaffterttheceenterofthhesteeelmeemberhasbbeenaaligneedwitththeesameeinsttallattionddirecttionfforcoonveniience..Andthessideoofnuttwithhrounndheaadshoouldbbetowwardsthessideoofwassherwwithcchamfeer.高強(qiáng)度螺栓的安安裝應(yīng)在結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)構(gòu)件中心位位置調(diào)整后進(jìn)進(jìn)行,其穿入入方向應(yīng)以施施工方便為準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn),并力求一一致。高強(qiáng)度度螺栓連接副副組裝時(shí),螺螺母帶圓臺(tái)面面的一側(cè)應(yīng)朝朝向墊圈有倒倒角的一側(cè)。Donotusehhighsstrenggthbooltasstempporaryyboltttoaavoidthesscrewfromdamaggingaandchhanginngtheetorqquecooefficcient..不得用高強(qiáng)度螺螺栓兼做臨時(shí)時(shí)螺栓,以防防損傷螺紋引引起扭矩系數(shù)數(shù)的變化。Thefriictionnfaceeoftthehiighsttrengtthbollthassbeennshottblasstedaatworrkshopp,andtthesefricttion-rratioshoulldbecarriiedouutwitththeeFONTTERRA(YINGG)/CDIIspeccificaation..Thennusesmalllsteeelwirrebruushtooremoovethheflooatinggrusttbefooresiiteinnstalllationn.高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接接處摩擦面應(yīng)應(yīng)先在車間經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)打砂處理理,經(jīng)過(guò)處理理后的抗滑移移系數(shù)滿足FONTEERRA((YING))/設(shè)計(jì)要求。在在工地采用生生銹處理方法法時(shí),在安裝裝前應(yīng)用細(xì)鋼鋼絲刷除去摩摩擦面上的浮浮銹。Donotinstaallthhehigghstrrengthhbolttviollentlyy(succhashammeering)).Ifthebboltccouldnotggointtotheeholeefreeely,mmodifyytheholewithreameer.Thhemaxx.diaameterroftthemoodifieedholleshoouldbbelesssthaan1.22timeesofthebboltddiametter.IInorddertooprevventtthesccrapiironffromggoingintotheggap,ttighteenothherbooltsbbeforeereamming.Donootuseegascuttiing.安裝高強(qiáng)度螺栓栓時(shí),嚴(yán)禁強(qiáng)強(qiáng)行穿入螺栓栓(如用錘敲敲打)。如不不能自由穿入入時(shí),該孔應(yīng)應(yīng)用鉸刀進(jìn)行行修整,修整整后孔的最大大直徑應(yīng)小于于1.2倍螺栓直徑徑。修孔時(shí),為為了防止鐵屑屑落入板迭縫縫中,鉸孔前前應(yīng)將螺栓全全部擰緊,使使板迭密貼后后再進(jìn)行。嚴(yán)嚴(yán)禁氣割擴(kuò)孔孔。Theforrcedffrictiionfaaceshhouldbeclleanedd.Theeblottsshoouldbbetigghteneedwitthtorrquesspanneertoensurretheetorqquetoomeettthedesiggnreqquiremment.所有鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件件受力的摩擦擦面要清理干干凈,連接螺螺栓均采用扭扭矩扳手進(jìn)行行緊固,確保保扭矩達(dá)到設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)要求。Donotinstaallthhehigghstrrengthhbolttinrrainydays..高強(qiáng)度螺栓在下下雨天不得進(jìn)進(jìn)行施工。7.10.Siiteweeldingg7.10、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)焊接安裝Siteweeldinggshouuldbeemanuualarrcwellding..Thejointtbetwweenbbeamsandccolumnnsanddthebuttweeldjoointbbetweeencollumnaandcoolumn(beammandsuppoort)sshouldduseE5016eelectrrode.OtherrjoinntscooulduuseE44303eelectrrode.Whileebutttweldding,userrun-onnplatte.ThhewelldingofstteelsstructturesshoulddcompplywiithJGGJ81-22002CConstrructioonSteeelSttructuureWeeldinggReguulatioons現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安裝焊接接采用手工電電弧焊,各梁梁、柱連接安安裝焊縫,柱柱柱(梁、撐撐)對(duì)接的焊焊縫應(yīng)采用E5016焊條,其他他部位的焊縫縫可采用E4303焊條,對(duì)接接焊縫必需采采用引弧板。鋼鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接尚尚應(yīng)遵照《建建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊焊接規(guī)程》—JGJ811-20022有關(guān)規(guī)定。7.10.1、Workflow焊接作業(yè)流流程complettionoofhigghstrrengthhbolttinsttallattion→checkkbefooreweeldingg→proteectionnofwweldinng→ribpplatefixinng→starttingwweldinng→checkkduriingweeldingg→finisshingweldiing→visuaalcheeck→makeuupwellding→furccleaniing→NDE→complletionnofwweldwwork高強(qiáng)螺栓安裝完完成→電焊前檢查→電焊施工防防護(hù)措施準(zhǔn)備備→勁板固定→開(kāi)始電焊作作業(yè)→電焊中檢查→電焊完成→外觀檢查→補(bǔ)焊→藥皮清理→無(wú)損檢測(cè)→電焊作業(yè)完完成。Allwelldersshoulldhavvecerrtificcates..Theelecttrodeshoulldbebakeddbefooreussing.Therrepeattbakiingshhouldnotbbemorrethaantwiice.焊接人員均持證證上崗。焊條條使用前應(yīng)進(jìn)進(jìn)行烘焙,重復(fù)烘干次次數(shù)不宜超過(guò)過(guò)二次。7.10.2、Attenntionofweeldingg電焊注意事項(xiàng)Donotbringgtoomanyelecttrodesstotthesiidetooavoiidtheemfroomwettting..Thelowhhydroggenellectroodeshhouldbebaakedbbeforeeusinng.為了防止焊條吸吸濕,不要帶帶多余的焊條條至現(xiàn)場(chǎng),低低氫焊條必須須經(jīng)過(guò)烘干后后方可使用。Thewelldingmachiineshhouldbechheckeddbefooreussingeeveryday.電焊機(jī)在每日使使用前應(yīng)進(jìn)行行檢查,防止止發(fā)生故障,Donotweldinraainydday.AAftertherrain,drytthewaateroontheeinteerfaceewithhethaanefllameaandthhenweeld.DDonottwelddiftthewiindsppeediisoveer8m//sec.下雨天不得進(jìn)行行電焊作業(yè),雨雨后作業(yè)前以以乙炔焰烘干干界面的水分分方可進(jìn)行,對(duì)對(duì)于風(fēng)速超過(guò)過(guò)8m/seec時(shí)不得焊接接;Thewelldersshoulddpayattenntiontothhecurrrent,,volttageaandweeldinggspeeed.Affteroonelaayeroofwelldjoiintisscomppletedd,cleeanthhewelldingslag..Remooveanndreppairtthedeefectiivepaartbeeforecontiinuinggthenextweldiingjooint.焊工應(yīng)隨時(shí)注意意電流、電壓壓及焊速,每每一道焊縫完完成后應(yīng)將焊焊渣清理干凈凈,有缺陷的的部分鏟除修修補(bǔ)后再繼續(xù)續(xù)下一道焊接接。7.11.SSeconddaryggroutiing7.11、二次次灌漿Theseccondarrygrooutinggwilllbesstartiingaffterttheaccceptaanceooftheeplannestrructurreineveryyflooorisqualiified..各層平面結(jié)構(gòu)安安裝完驗(yàn)收合合格后開(kāi)始進(jìn)進(jìn)行二次灌漿漿。7.12.PPaintmakeuup7.12、油漆漆修補(bǔ)Aftertthestteelsstructturehhasbeeeninnstallled,mmakeuuptheepainntforrthedamaggedorrburnntparrtacccordinngtoschemmeinddicateedbythessupervvisionncomppanyoortheeclieent.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝完畢畢后,應(yīng)對(duì)碰碰傷或燒焊處處進(jìn)行修補(bǔ),修修補(bǔ)時(shí)必須按按監(jiān)理或甲方方所指定的修修補(bǔ)方案執(zhí)行行。Attentiionoffpainnt涂裝施工注意事事項(xiàng)Whenthhetemmperattureiislowwerthhan5℃℃orhhigherrthann40℃:takkemeaasuretoimmproveetheenvirronmennt(exxceptfortthesppeciallrulee).當(dāng)氣溫低于5℃℃時(shí)或高于40℃時(shí):(除特特殊規(guī)定除外外)必須采取取相應(yīng)措施改改善環(huán)境,達(dá)達(dá)到相應(yīng)環(huán)境境。Donotpainttwhennthetempeeraturreofthebbasemmateriialissloweerthaantheedewpointtof33℃andtherrelatiiveteemperaatureismoorethhan855%.當(dāng)?shù)撞臏囟鹊陀谟诼饵c(diǎn)溫度3℃時(shí),以及相相對(duì)溫度大于于85%不得噴涂。Donotpainttwhenntherreisrain,,iceorfoogonthessurfacceofthebbasemmateriial.當(dāng)?shù)撞谋砻嬗杏暧晁?、冰或霧霧無(wú)的情況下下不得噴涂。Whenmiixingtheppaint,,thequanttitysshoulddbeaasperrthedemanndtoreduccetheewastte.在調(diào)漆配比時(shí)::需多少配多多少,減少浪浪費(fèi)。Repainttwherretheereisscracckofpainttcaussedbyysaggging.如果在涂刷時(shí),由由于不慎引起起流掛,堆積積產(chǎn)生的龜裂裂的問(wèn)題。需需進(jìn)行返工。7.13.FFFcoaating::7.13、防火火涂料Itisaapplieedbotthinbrushhingaandroollingg.Theesteeelworrkssuubjectttoffirepprotecctioncoatiingonnlyneeedspprimerr.Paiintinggworkkisbbetterrtoffinishhedonnthegrounndpriiortoolifttinguupforrinsttallattionttoredducehhazarddontthehiigh.本項(xiàng)目采用涂刷刷法和滾筒刷刷涂法結(jié)合的的方法進(jìn)行,對(duì)對(duì)于需做防火火涂料的鋼結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)部分,需需進(jìn)行底漆、中中間漆、面漆漆的施工,視視現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況而而定,盡量在在地面完成前前道施工以減減少高空作業(yè)業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)。7.13.1Brushhpainnting刷涂法Brushppaintiingapppliesstoiitemsinvaariedshapees.Ittcanbeaddopteddformostoffiirepaaints..Painntiseasytobeepeneetrateedinttominnutepporesofmeetalssurfaccestrrengthheninggitsadhessivefforce..Thedisaddvantaagesaarelooveprroducttivityyandhighlaborrinteensityy,witthbruushmaarksooncoaatingaffecctingitsaappearrance..刷涂法適用于于涂刷任何形形狀的物件,絕大多數(shù)防防火涂料可以以用此種方法法施工。刷涂涂法很容易滲滲透到金屬表表面的細(xì)孔中中,因而可加強(qiáng)強(qiáng)對(duì)金屬表面面的附著力。缺缺點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)效效率低、勞動(dòng)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,有時(shí)涂層表表面留有刷痕痕,影響涂層的的裝飾性。7.13.2..Brusshpaiintinggwithhrolller滾筒刷涂涂法Rollerisaholloowcyllinderrinaasmallldiaameterr,stuuckwiithloongwooolsmmadeoofsynnthetiicfibberonnthesurfaace.TThecyylindeerisequipppedwwithttwowaasherssonbbotheends,withaholleintheccenterr,thrroughwhichhcroookedhhandleepassses.IInsertttherolleerinttopaiintanndrolllitonthhesurrface..滾筒是一個(gè)直直徑不大的空空心圓柱,表面粘有用用合成纖維制制成的長(zhǎng)絨毛毛,圓柱兩端裝裝有兩個(gè)墊圈圈,中心帶孔,彎曲的手柄柄即由這個(gè)孔孔中通過(guò),使用時(shí)先將將輥?zhàn)咏胪客苛现薪?rùn),然后用力滾滾涂到所需的的表面上。7.13.33.Imppactsonpaaintinngbyconsttructiionennvironnment防火涂料料施工環(huán)境對(duì)對(duì)涂裝效果的的影響Theworrkareeashoouldmmeetrrequirrementtsforrlumiinanceeandlighttingaandavvoideexposuuretoodireectbuurninggsunllight,,whicchmigghtleeadtoomanyyfilmmdefeects.Freeairttemperratureeandhumiddityaarereelevannttopainttingaandarridityyofppaint,,sottheysshoulddbellimiteed.Geeneralllypaaintinngisnotssatisffactorryundderatempeeraturreoflessthan5℃andHRoffabovve85%%.PaiintshhavettheirownooptimuumtemmpanddHR,whichhshouuldbeestriictlyfollooweddduringgconsstructtion.Painttingiisbaddonrrainydays..Reguulatioonsfooramiidogennandepoxyyresiinfirrepaiintthhatissultrra-thiinanddexpaansionntypee:noworkwhenHRissoverr90%;;nowworkiintheeopenn;noworkwhensteellstruuctureeorffireppaintisdrrapedwithdew;noexxposurretorainorfoogbefforeppaintisfuullyssolidiified;;nobbulgeoncooatinggetc..施工場(chǎng)所應(yīng)具備備一定亮度或或照明條件,還要避免日日光直曬,在烈日下施施工效果不好好,容易造成涂涂膜缺陷。大大氣的溫濕度度與涂料的施施工和干燥性性能關(guān)系很大大,涂料施工要要求中應(yīng)規(guī)定定施工時(shí)大氣氣溫濕度的限限制條件,一般當(dāng)溫度度在5℃以下,相對(duì)濕度在85%%以上時(shí)施工工效果都不太太理想。各種種涂料各有其其最佳施工溫溫濕度,在施工時(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵守,雨天施工效效果往往很差差。如氨基、環(huán)環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂類超超薄膨脹型鋼鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防火涂涂料就規(guī)定:空氣濕度超超過(guò)90%%時(shí)不宜施工;不能在室外外露天施工;鋼構(gòu)件表面面或防火涂料料表面有結(jié)露露時(shí)不能施工工;施工好的涂涂料在未完全全固化前不能能受到雨淋、不不能受到霧水水的影響;施工好的涂涂料,涂層不能有有空鼓等。Dustinntheairhhasagreattimpaactonnpainnting,,soaactionnsshoouldbbetakkentooprevventddust.Ventiilatioonafffectsbothcoatiingquualityyandconsttructiionsaafetyandssanitaation..FireepainntforrexteernalsteellstruuctureeshouuldnootbeconduuctedunderrmoreethannForcce3wwind.Itshhouldbenootedtthatssolvenntoffirepainttisfflammaableaandhaarmfulltohhealthh,soprecaautionnsshoouldbbetakkentooprevventffire,whichhisfforbidddendduringgconsstructtion.Meanwwhile,,steppsshoouldbbetakkentooprottectwworkerrs’heallth,aandcoonstruuctionncondducteddinwwellvventillatedareass.空氣中塵埃對(duì)涂涂裝效果有很很大影響,必須采取防防塵措施。通通風(fēng)效果既影影響涂層質(zhì)量量也影響施工工的安全衛(wèi)生生。室外鋼結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)防火涂料料的涂裝應(yīng)避避免在風(fēng)力3級(jí)以上時(shí)施施工。值得注注意的是溶劑劑型防火涂料料的溶劑屬易易燃品且對(duì)身身體有一定的的危害,所以在生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)及施工過(guò)程程中應(yīng)注意防防火安全,施工過(guò)程應(yīng)應(yīng)嚴(yán)禁明火。同同時(shí)要有人員員的健康保護(hù)護(hù)措施,施工應(yīng)在通通風(fēng)良好的環(huán)環(huán)境條件下進(jìn)進(jìn)行。7.13.4..Acceeptanccestaandardds升降機(jī)使用用:Inthissprojject,wewiillusseliffttoliftworkeertothehhighppositiiontoodoffireprroofppaint..在本項(xiàng)目中會(huì)采采用升降機(jī)將將工人送到指指定高度刷防防火涂料。Liftpiicturee:升降機(jī)示意圖如如下:升降機(jī)示意圖7.13.55.Accceptanncesttandarrds驗(yàn)收要求和和標(biāo)準(zhǔn):Theworrkoffirepproofpainttwilll
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