2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題06-介詞(含答案)

專六介重點析介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞語，在句中充當(dāng)一個成分，表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語在句可作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。一介從構(gòu)分一表介詞的分類簡單介詞復(fù)合介詞短語介詞

只有單獨一個詞的介詞：at,on,in,during,since,till/until等間介)；over,through,past,near,to,等位介詞down,from,of,off,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,along,among,around等由兩個單一詞合成的介詞into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,without等形容詞、分詞或副詞介accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,oppositeto,owingto等連詞介：for,asto,等介詞介（又稱雙重介詞among,frombehind,under,till等介詞名詞介byof,infrontof,inspiteof,accountof,regard名詞介：to由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)用

分詞形容詞或副詞連詞名詞

concerning關(guān)，considering鑒including包括regarding關(guān)于like像near接，在……對面unlike不round圍……next和……接鄰than比but除……之外despite不、不顧二主介的別表示時間的at,onat表示片刻的時間8常詞有dawn,dusk,noon,night,atmidnight,atof,atthattime,attheatChristmas,atNew等in表示一段時間themorning/afternoon/evening,inOctober,2008,the

century,insummer,inpast,inthefuture,infivedays等on指體的或特定的日子。如onMonday,onChristmasEve,onMayDay,onmorning,onSeptemberonthatday等表示時間的since與fromfor后接時間段的名詞詞組，表示行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。如：Mr.livedinthatlittlevillagefornearlythirtyyears.布先生在那個小山村住了差不多30年。since后過去某一時間點，表示“自從……以來與現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完進行時連用。如：We’tseenothersince2005.自2005年來，我們彼沒見過面。“自……起與多種時態(tài)連用。如：Ihopedomorningexercisestoday.我望從今天早晨開始鍛煉身體。表示時間的in與afterin+時間段，般用于將來時。如Wewillbeinthreedays.我將在3天后回來。時段，一般用于過去時如Aftertwohereturned.兩月后，他回來了。注意：時點，可用于過去時和將來時。如：Afterseven,rainbegan七點后開始下雨Wewillafter我將在午飯后動身。表示方位的in,on與toin表示“在……內(nèi)：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.北京位于華北。on指與……接壤、在河江NorthliesoneastofChina.朝鮮與中國的東部接壤。to指在境外某方向，只強調(diào)方向。如JapanliestotheeastChina.日在中國的東方。表示“在……上的on與inon只示在某物的表面上。如：Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper.有本書在這頁紙上。Thereisamarkyourskirt.你裙子上有一塊斑。in表示占去某物的一部分。如：Thereisaninterestingarticlethenewspaper.報上有一篇有趣的文章Heholethewall.他墻挖了一個洞。表示“穿過……的through,across與overthrough指內(nèi)部穿過across則表面上的橫穿over指上方過去、跨越。如：Theelephant’tgothroughgate.大不能從門里穿過。Ihelptheblindmanacrosstheroad.我助那位盲人過馬路。Heclimbedoverwall.他墻上爬了過去。intheend,atoftheendinend意“最后、終于last,finally同。如：Inendtheyreachedasafeplace.最，他們終于到達了一個安全的地方。attheendof表“在……末尾、到……盡頭可時間或位置，也可指物體。如：Atofstandsabeautifulgarden.馬的盡頭一個漂亮的花園。TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningatof他決定在這個周末舉行一個英語晚會。bytheendof意為“到……末為止能指時間。常用于完成時，也用于將來時。如：Bytheofholiday,Ihadspentmymoney.到期結(jié)束時，我已經(jīng)花光了自己所有的錢。Bytheofweek,youwillaclearideaofyoureatinghabitsare.到周你便會清楚自己的飲食習(xí)慣了。與between般表示兩者之間。如：Youaretobetweenyourfatherme.你就坐在我和你父親之間吧。among用三者或三者以上的中間。如：Thequicklydisappearedamongthecrowd.那個女孩很快就消失人群之中。注意：①有時雖然是三個以上的人或事物，但如果強調(diào)兩兩相互間的關(guān)系，仍用between。如：Agreementsmadebetweenthedifferentcountries.不同國家之間達成了協(xié)議。②在談事物間的差別時，總是用。：Theydon’tknowthedifferencewheat,oatsbarley.他們不知道小麥、燕麥與大麥之間的區(qū)別。besides,but,exceptforbesides“除了……還有inadditionto/apartfrom/asidefrom同作接副詞時意“此外如foreignteacherspresentatthebesidesSmith.除史密斯之外還有兩名外籍教師出席了會議。but作介詞時，意為“除(……之)用在no,nobody,anywhere,everything,等和其他疑問詞后面。如：butfooldosuchthing?除傻瓜誰會做這樣事？except與for都意為“除……外者一般都不能位句首。但except后接的詞同整體詞（主語）一般是同類，指在同類的整體中除去一個部分exceptfor后的詞同整體詞（主語）不是同類的，指從整體中除去一個細節(jié)。如：TheofficeisopenexceptSundays.除星日這家公司每天都營業(yè)。Hisdiaryisexceptforafewspellingmistakes.除一些拼寫錯誤，他的日記寫得還不錯。10.表用工具和手段的by,in與withby表工(train/hand/land/e-mail或手段by…)，后的動詞用動名詞。如：byhand手

bythismeans用這種方法with表有形的工具或身體某些器(withapencil/our其后的名詞多被冠詞主詞修飾：Theyarewritingwithchalk.他們用粉筆寫字。in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。：inEnglish用語

inalowvoice低地；小聲地11.as與likeas指份資格，意為“作為：Lettoasafather.實上是父like為“像……一樣：Lettolikeafather.實上不是父)12.表“隨著……”的as與as為詞后接從句。如Asthewenton,gotworse.隨日子一天天過去，天氣越來越糟了。with為詞接詞或代詞等springon,gets隨春天的到來，天氣越來越暖和了?？季氁粏翁钸m當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。(1)__________thenightofMaygoodfriendforCanada.__________nightyoucanseethestarsinthesky.__________acoldmorningwaswokenuploudnoise.__________thesheoftenhasandsomeforbreakfast.__________the1970sweahardtime.(1)Katewriting__________afriendhers.(2)iswriting__________apieceofpaper.Kateiswriting__________inblueink.Kateiswriting__________apieceofchalkontheblackboard.Kateiswritingaletter__________anoldmanwho’twrite.(1)Wepassedexam__________theend.(2)hadfinishedlearning__________theendlastterm.(3)willholdaparty__________theendofterm.(1)Theapples__________thetreeripe.Thebirds__________thetreesingingmerrily.ThereisaChina__________thebackwall.Thereisasmallhole__________thewall.(1)Chinalies__________theofJapan.Canadalies__________northofUSA.Canadalies__________northofNorthAmerica.(1)Hecandoeverything__________cooking.Hespeaktwootherlanguages__________English.Hedidnothing__________TVday.Thewasempty__________severalcarsatthattime.(1)Themantriedtowalk__________thebigrock.Theman__________theroadandgotabus.Themansawbeautifulbirdswhenwalking__________thewoods.(1)Thereisnosecret__________youme.Youaretallest__________myfriends.Thereisabreak__________classes.(1)__________timepassed,thingsgetworse.(2)__________timegoingby,hemoreandmore.10.(1)HeleaveforKorea__________threedays.HetoBeijingreturned__________threedays.Hewill__________3HehaslivedinParis__________threeyearsago.keptrainingheavily__________Monday__________Wednesday.二語填括號內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。wassoniceanafternoonthatdecidedtoforawalk1newtheonesIseenadvertisedon“thebestbootsWell,3theory,yes,theywereverycomfortablebootsbutIsoonfoundthatfacttheygavemeblisters.generalIdoenjoywalking,butatthatIwantedwasrestrefreshment,otherwords,Ineededtodown,haveadrinkgohome4thebus.lastbuswasinanandIwasfar5thestopsohavetogetthere6ahurry.lastgottothebusstopjustintime7adrinkthepubbeforebuscame.Ilimpedtothebusstopthe8gettingon.Butwasoutluckbecausethefullup—notevenstandingIknewIwouldmakeitonfootandIthepointofreturningthepubtodrownmysorrowswhenanotherbusroundthecorner,completelyempty.Ion,satbymyselfatandstartedfeel10peacewithagainItookoffboots!三語填讀下面短文在白處填入一個適的單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Withtheriseofcivilizationabout8,000yearsagoandespecially1theIndustrialRevolutionthemid-1700s,beingsalter(改變thesurface,water,andatmosphereoftheIndoingso,2haveactivegeologicalagents,notunlikeotherforcesofchangethatinfluenceplanet.result,Earthfuturedepends,3greatextent,on4(behave)ofhumanbeings.Forexample,5widespreadoffossilfuelsisreleasingdioxideothergasesintoatmosphereand6(threat)planetsurface.Thisglobalwarmingcouldmeltglaciersandpolaricecaps,7couldfloodcoastlinesaroundtheworldandmanyislandnations.Ineffect,thecarbondioxidethat8(remove)fromEarth’searlyatmospherebytheoceansandbyprimitiveplantandanimal9subsequently(隨)buriedasfossilizedremainsinsedimentaryrock,isbeingreleasedintoatmosphereandisthreatening10(exist)oflivingthings.助詞coastlinen.海岸線fossilized石化的atmospheren.大氣層glacier冰川fossilfuel化石燃料sedimentaryrock沉積巖

primitive原的risen.出現(xiàn)release釋theIndustrialRevolution工業(yè)革命polaricecap極地冰帽activegeologicalagents積極的地質(zhì)作用者參答考點練透一、單句填空On;At;On;In2.to;on;in;with;forin;by;at4.on;in;on;in5.to;