專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容-精簡(jiǎn)版

英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作篇章結(jié)【篇章結(jié)構(gòu)1Duringthepastfewdecades,anincreasingnumberofproblemshavearoused/stimulatedthepublic,oneofwhich…It’snotatrivialmatterandisworthyofourcarefulBeattributedto…Aboveall,…Furthermore,…Inaddition,或者：foronethingforanotherthing,…第三部分：呼吁和展望（4）Itishightimethat…Onlyinthisway,（1）上網(wǎng)成癮，be/getaddictedtothe討論:（2）能 ，energy【篇章結(jié)構(gòu)2①Duringthepastfewdecades/Forthetimebeing/Currently/,thefactthatn./ng/whethertodohaseoneofthemanyhottopics/concerns/worries/indispensableelectricappliancesforthousandsuponthousandsofpeople/students/families,especiallythoseinmodernurbanareas/remoteandruralwhere②People’sattitudestowardsitvary Thisphenomenonhasbroughtwithitanumberofbenefits,ofwhichonly2ofthemaretalkedhere.Foronething,…Foranother①Everythingisdouble-bladed,andsois…Everycoinhastwosides,andsodoes…Alongwithitsadvantagescomesitsdrawbacks,whichareworthyofour②ononeOntheotherFrommyalangle/,although…,itsadvantagesbyfaroverweightitsdisadvantages.Ithereforeadvocate…3】第一部分：引出問(wèn)題，一般態(tài)度（2，基本與剛才一樣。①Duringthepastfewdecades/Forthetimebeing/Currently/,thefactthatn./ng/whethertodohaseoneofthemanyhottopics/concerns/worries/indispensableelectricappliancesforthousandsuponthousandsofpeople/students/families,especiallythoseinmodernurbanareas/remoteandruralwhere②People’sattitudestowardsitvary Thosewhosay…Inaddition,Others,whoever,main/say/follow/contend/argue/believe/hold/that+…如：thosewhoargueitsbenefitsholdthatitcan…①Opponentsofthis(my)opinionmayarguethat+sentence.(說(shuō)出的一個(gè)影響②Admittedly,thereiscertainsenseinthis③However,itspositive/nagtiveimpactsshouldbeattachedmoreimportance④It’sthanksto+n.+that…(一般表示好影響）It’sonaccountof+n.+that）舉例:(1)誰(shuí)對(duì)住房問(wèn)題貢獻(xiàn)大 ernment/privateprofessional(2)womenworking3舉例:（1）安排孩子的時(shí)間？家長(zhǎng)？孩子（2）practicalskill/academic

【篇章結(jié)構(gòu)4【篇章結(jié)構(gòu)5 ：出現(xiàn)一些現(xiàn)象，一些人說(shuō)…,另一些人說(shuō)…,你怎么看？一般包括正反2方面觀點(diǎn)。文章大概分為4部分。2-3Currently,withwomen’sstatusgreatlyenhanced,mostofwomencanbeentitledtoshoulderdoubleburdenofsocietyandfamily.Somepeoplespeakhighlyofitsbenefits,whereasothersperceivemoredefectsderivingfromit.Frommyal,Iaminclinedtosaydittotoimprovingthewomensocial(Frommyal,althoughithasbroughtsomebenefits,itleavesalotofdefectstobe 第一部分：引出問(wèn)題，一般態(tài)度（2）2第一部分：引出問(wèn)題，一般態(tài)度（2句話，Duringthepastfewdecades/Forthetimebeing/Currently/,thefactthat。 eoneofthemanyhottopics/concerns/worriesforthousandsuponthousandspeople/students/families,especiallythoseinmodernurbanareas/remoteandruralareas,wherePeople’sattitudestowardsitvary toThosewhosay…Inaddition,Others,whoever,main/say/follow/contend/argue/believe/hold/that+…如：thosewhoargueitsbenefitsholdthatitcan…①Opponentsofthis(my)opinionmayarguethat+sentence.(說(shuō)出的一個(gè)影響②Admittedly,thereiscertainsenseinthis③However,itspositive/nagtiveimpactsshouldbeattachedmoreimportance④It’sthanksto+n.+that…(一般表示好影響）It’sonaccountof+n.+that）practicalskill/academic舉例 Duringthepastfewdecades，whoarrangesthechildren’stime,parentsorchildrenthemselves,haseoneofthemanyhottopicsforthousandsuponthousandsoffamilies,especiallythoseinmodernurbanareas,whereparentsattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirchildren.People’sattitudestowardsitvaryfromtoThosewhosidewith/advocatethatparentsshouldarrangethechildren’stimeclaimthatthechildrenaretooyoungtomakeagoodarrangementoftheirtime,whichleadstothefactthattheymaywastetheirtimeandenergythatwouldotherwisebeusedmoreefficiently.Besides,opponentsofthisopinionmayarguethatlettingchildrenarrangetheir timecanhelpthemcultivatetheirindependent Admittedly,thereiscertainsenseinthissaying.However,thepositiveimpactsofparents’arrangementshouldbeattachedmoreimportanceto.It’sthankstothetimelyguidanceandunselfishsupportfromtheparentsthatthatchildrencanavoidbehurtoratleastlesshurtbyunhealthyinformation,especiallywhentheyareatanvulnerableage.Othersholdtheoppositeopinion.Itisbelievedthatbygivingtherighttochildrenthemselves,notonlycanitbeanessentialstimulus,butchildrencanmakeuseofthemostofthetimeaswell.Wereyoua7-year-oldchild,wouldyoubewillingtocarryoutendlessworkarrangedbyyouparents?Definiynot.Possibly,itisimportantforthemtoestablishansufficientamountofconfidence.Frommyal,eachsideshouldbeattachedequalimportanceto.Onlybyregardingtheparents’guidanceandgivingrighttochildren,canwehaveaharmoniousfamilyandcanchildrenhaveaprospectivefuture.adj./adv/n.+as+subjest+v.,Eg.Colorfulandfunnyastheinternetis,itstill/yet/howevermakesthechildrenisolatedfromthereality,whichbroadensthegenerationgap.Colorandfunastheinternetbrings,itstill/yet/howevermakesthechildrenisolatedfromthereality,whichbroadensthegenerationgap.Eg.Physicalrichashewas,therewerenochildrenwillingtosupportanddefertohim,thusmakinghimfelllivingintheworldpointless.sentenceonlytodosthSentence,onlytofind+sb./sth./it+adj./Eg.Thiseldermanhassparenoeffort/takeallpainstobringuphischildren, onlytofinditimposableforthemtotreathiminthesameway.Eg.Hedrivestoworkeveryday,onlytofindhisphysicalconditiondeterioratinggradually.sentence,inspiteofthefactthat…andEg.Thecondition/situationoftheprivate/independent/privay-sponsoredschoolisfarfrombeingsatisfactory,inspiteofthefactthatthetuitionishighandthattheteachingfacilitiesarethemerefact通常：Themerefactthat…cannotbethegroundonwhichstandstheargumentEG.Themerefactthathightuitionhasimposedaheavyeconomicalburdenonacertainproportionofstudentscannotbethegroundonwhichstandstheargumentthattheernmentshouldpaythispartofeducationfee.1）OurtheoryisbasedontheassumptionThistheoryproceedsfromtheidea(principle)TheunderlyingconceptofthetheoryisasThereisasimilar(atentative,analternative)theoryThebasic(fundamental,essential)featureofthistheoryTheobjectofthistheoryisThenewly-advancedtheoryhassome(certain,many)advantages(assets,strongpoins,positivefeatures,deficiencies,drawbacks,inadequacies,flaws, Thevalidityofthetheory eobviousinthelightofrecentThenewly-developedtheoryfindsexperimentalThetheoryreceiveduniversalrecognition(general…isgivenasasinthe…thwfollowingequationis Therefore,we…canbeexpressed…canbe…canbe…canberepresentedThemethodof…wasfirstdevelopedThemethodfo…cameintouseaslongagoTheoriginalproposalofthismethodwasfirstpublishedThemethodweusediffers(greatly,essentially)fromtheconventionalThemethodisnowgreatlyTheprocedurewefollowedhascertainadvantagesovertheexistingOneoftheassetsofthistechniqueisitssimplicity(realiability,AnothergoodfeatureofthismethodThismethodallowsustoTheaboveproceduremakesitpossibletoThemethodiscapableofphenomena,themechanismof,thehypothesisof,somefeaturesof)…Experimentson…areEarlier(previous)experiementswiththistechniquewere1）Theexperimentsreportedheredemonstrateavarietyofchangesin(acorrelationbetween,amuchOurexperimentssupportsourassumption(hypothesis,Recentexperimentswith…furnishsomenewinformation(furtheredata,newevidence)aboutthemechanism(theFurtherexperimentsinthisarealeadustoconclude(believe,suggest)Fromtheseexperimentswecanconclude

ThisisaproblemrelatingOurworkisdevotedTheprimarygoalofthepresentresearchTheworkpresentedinthispaperfocusThechiefaimofthisstudyThelaboratorystudyngthiswork,weintend(hope,expect,attempt)Carryout(undertaking,initiating,performing)thisstudy,wehopeTheprincipalpurpose(objective,task)ofthepresentworkistoinvestigatethefeatureofTheproblemwas(first)advancedTheproblemunderdiscussionwasformulated(raised,posed,groughtup,putSincethentheproblemhasattracted(fascinated)manyscientists(works)inthisThisproblemhasbeenComparedwithcurrentresearch,thepreviousworkwasinconnectionTheworkwearengiscloselyrelatedtothedeliberationsdescribedThenewfindingsfromtheexperimentagreewellwiththeresultsobtainedSeveral(many,numous,few)studiesaremade(carriedout,performed)toelucidatethenature(understandthebehavior,revealthecause)of…Astudyofthekindhasbeenmade(untilnow,untilafewyears1）Itseems(exceedingly,enormously)difficulttoobtainknowledgeoftheItproves(quite,totally)impossible(unrealistic)toItisratherdifficulttosolvetheTheproblemisratherTheprobleminvolve(certain,tremendous)Itiseasytopresent(review,yze,discuss)theprobleminallitscomplexity(ineveryItisnoeasytasktogainaninsightintotheintricatedetail1）Themainaspect(core,essence)oftheproblemStudiesoftheseeffectscovervariousaspectsOurstudieswiththistechniqueconfineTheproblemiswithinthescopeOurproblemliestherangeonashortbutsharprise/declinedecline,onaslowbutsteadylevelofatxxx/reachtheteauateg.Theperiodbetween1995-2000witnessesthefluctuationfromlowpointtothehighpoint,reachingthepeakatxxx.【例文1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Writeyouranswerinawordprocessingprogramonyourcomputer.Thetablebelowshowstheresultsofasurveytofindoutwhatmembersofacitysportsclubthinkabouttheclub'sactivities,facilitiesandopeninghours.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakeanycomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.ClubsatisfactionsurveyFerraleMaleClubFerrale14MaleOpeningFemale72Male范文ThetablecomparestheopinionsofmaleandfemaleclubmembersabouttheservicesprovidedbyacitysportsWecanseefromtheresponsesthatthemalemembersaregenerallyhappyorsatisfiedwiththerangeofactivitiesattheclub,withonly5%dissatisfied.Incontrast,however,onlyabouttwo-thirdsoffemalememberswerepositiveabouttheactivityrangeandalmostathirdweredissatisfied.Thegendersweremoreinagreementabouttheclubfacilities.Only14%ofwomenand10%ofmenwereunhappywiththese,andthemajority(64and63%respectively)wereverypositive.Finally,thefemalerespondentsweremuchhappierwiththeclubopeninghoursthantheirmalecounterparts.Almostthree-quartersofthemwereverysatisfiedwiththeseandonly3%wereunhappy,whereasnearly40%ofthemenexpressedtheirdissatisfaction.Overall,thetableindicatesthatfemalemembersaremostunhappywiththerangeofactivities,whilemalemembersfeelthatopeninghoursaretheleastsatisfactoryaspectoftheclub.【例文2ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and2000.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.通過(guò)人均一年中以不同交通方式旅行的距離對(duì)比，該圖表反映了英國(guó)人常規(guī)旅行方式在1985－2000十五的變Throughcomparisonoffiguresoftheaveragedistancetraveledper peryearindifferentmodesoftransportation,thetableindicatesthechangesthatoccurredtosomecommonwaysoftravelbytheEnglishpeopleoveraspanof15yearsfrom1985to2000.Asisindicatedinthetable,threemodesoftravelincludingwalking,bicycling,andtakinglocalbusshowedatrendofdeclinewhiletherestrevealedageneraltrendofrise,thoughthemarginsofrisediffered. 年的237英里。騎自行車(chē)旅行的距離平均降幅為10英里；坐旅行的里程數(shù)降幅最大，為155英里。Firstofall,weseethattheaveragewalkingdistanceofpeopledroppedfrom255in1985to237in2000.Theaveragedistanceoftravelingbybikedecreasedby10whilethatbylocalbussawthegreatestdropby155.程里數(shù)在1985和2000增長(zhǎng)了1735英里Theuseofcarincreasedgreatlyfrom3,199in1985to4,806in2000.Thosewhotraveledbylongdistancebusalsowitnessedafastincreaseby70.Peopletravelingbytrainandtaxi,ontheotherhand,sawanincreaseby77and29respectively.Meanwhile,weseethatthetotalaveragedistanceper Englandroseby1,735between1985and2000.Overall,Britishpeopleexperiencedgreatchangesintermsofthemodesoftravelingandtheactualdistancetraveledoveraperiodof15years.【例文31930－1980五十五個(gè)國(guó)家犯人的數(shù)據(jù)情T(mén)hechartcomparesthefiguresforcriminalimprisonmentinfivecountriesoveraspanof50yearsfrom1930toAscanbeseenfromthechart,thefiguresfortheUnitedStates,CanadaandNewZealandstoodoutasbeingreallysignificantandallthedesignatedcountriesrevealedratherdramaticchangesintheimprisonmentfiguresacrosstheboardoverthe50years.Firstly,theimprisonmentfiguresofUKwereonasteadyrise.Weseethatin1930,therewere30,000cases,butin1980,itbecame85,000cases.Theperiodduring1940-1970sawthefastestincrease.Second,thesituationofAustraliawasquitesimilartothatofNewZealand,butnotasdramatic.Hereweseethatin1930,thecasesforAustraliawas70,000whileNewZealandhadaveryhighnumberof100,000cases.Thenin1940,thefiguresforthetwocountriesbothdroppedsubstantially,withNewZealanddropbyalmost45,000cases.In1950,NewZealandwentonwithitstrendofslightdecreasewhileAustraliashowedaincrease.Later,in1960,bothcountriesexperiencedgreatrisesandreached70,000casesand78,000casesrespectively.Theyear1970sawaninterestingscene:thefiguresforUK,AustraliaandNewZealanddrewevenat79,000cases.Thenin1980,weseethatAustraliadroppedsubstantiallywhileNewZealanditsupward第三，和起點(diǎn)非常高，1930年分別是100,000例和120,000例。1940年，大幅攀升至?xí)r大幅下降跌至95,000例跌至83,000例1980年的增長(zhǎng)幅度大得驚人迅猛攀升至138,000例，90,000例。Third,U.S.andCanadabothhadverybigstartingfiguresin1930,100,000casesand120,000casesrespectively.In1940,U.S.roserapidlyto130,000caseswhileCanadadecreasedby10,000cases.In1950,thingschangeddramatically,withUSdropbyabout20,000caseswhileCanadarisingto115,000cases.In1960,U.S.rosewhileCanadafellandthefiguresforbothcountrieswere118,000casesand102,000casesrespectively.Thetwocountriesbothsawsubstantialdecreasesin1970,withUSfallingto95,000casesandCanadadropto83,000cases.1980witnessedanastoundingincreasemarginwithUSandthefigurerosewithgreatmomentumto138,000casesandCanadaclimbedupto90,000cases.Thusweseethatimprisonmentinthefivecountriesunderwentmanychangesacrossthe50【例文4ThegraphsbelowshowtheagestructureofaEuropeancountryfrom1901to1981andapredictionfor2021.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.ThegraphscomparethepopulationmakeupofoneEuropeancountryeveryfortyyearsfrom1901to1981,andtheestimatednumberin2021.Therewasahugeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinthiscountryfrom38,225,000in1901to67,180,000eightyyearslater,andthisupwardtrendisexpectedtolastthroughtotheyear2021,whenthepopulationisestimatedat87,658,000,morethandoublethe1901figure.In1901and1941,thepopulationstructureinthiscountrywascompleythesame,withanoverwhelmingmajorityofitspopulation(95%)below65,4%between65and85andonly1%over85yearsold.However,theyear1981sawasharpincreaseinthepercentageoftheelderly.Altogether,theymadeup17%ofthetotalpopulation,whereastheprojectionfortheyear2021showsthattheywillcontinuetogrowbutlessdramaticallyto20%ofthetotalpopulation(15%for65-85-year-oldsand5%forover-85-year-olds).Insummary,changesaretak