有提示詞之給出動詞原形【策略精講+典題提升】 高考英語語法填空滿分攻略

有提示詞之給出動詞原形[技巧指導(dǎo)]當(dāng)給出的提示詞為動詞時,設(shè)空處一般會考查動詞的;常見時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致或非謂語動詞。1.考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致第一步:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定句中是否缺少謂語。如果缺少謂語動詞,則是考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。[示例](2020·山東高考)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection__(be)ondisplay.[分析]is“apartof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后名詞的數(shù)保持一致。本句中asmallpartof后的名詞為amuseum'scollection，故填is。[示例](2019·全國卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____(make)overtheyears.[分析]havemade根據(jù)空格后的時間狀語overtheyears可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。[示例](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit______(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.[分析]由空后的then以及語境可知,這里描述的是“……對當(dāng)時的人們來說,把那些石頭放在正確的位置是多么困難”,句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。又因主語是it,要用第三人稱單數(shù),故填was。第二步:看主語與謂語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系,以確定用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài),同時根據(jù)語境考慮,用哪種時態(tài),還要注意主謂一致。[示例](2021·全國甲卷)It______(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).[分析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中作謂語,與主語it構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài);且根據(jù)originally可知,此處描述的是過去的情況,故用一般過去時,故填wasbuilt.2.考查非謂語動詞第一步:若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是并列謂語動詞時,應(yīng)考慮該空考查非謂語動詞。第二步:根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求,確定用非謂語動詞的哪種形式。第三步:確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動賓關(guān)系。一般而言，v.－ing形式表示主動、進(jìn)行；v.－ed形式表示被動、完成；動詞不定式表示目的、將來、具體或一次性的動作。[示例](2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Theyrepresenttheearth_____(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.[分析]coming句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對新的開始的美好祝愿。句中謂語動詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語動詞。名詞earth與comebackto之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填coming。[示例](2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong____(see)thebenefit.[分析]tosee句中已有謂語部分don'thavetorun且無連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，根據(jù)語境可知此處為目的狀語，故應(yīng)填動詞不定式。[示例](2021·浙江1月高考)In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries______(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.[分析]根據(jù)語境可知,該句謂語動詞為had,故此空應(yīng)填study的非謂語動詞形式,此處作countries的后置定語;而countries與study之間為動賓關(guān)系,故填studied。3.考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換有時所給提示詞雖然是動詞,但是空格處既不是考查謂語動詞也不是考查非謂語動詞,而是要求進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。高考中?？疾閯釉~變?yōu)槊~，偶有變形容詞或副詞的情況。做題時只需根據(jù)其所作句子成分來確定其詞性便可做出正確的轉(zhuǎn)換。[示例](2021·浙江6月高考)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir______(marry)ceremonyin1842[分析]根據(jù)設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞their可知,此處要用名詞marriage作ceremony的定語,表示“結(jié)婚儀式,結(jié)婚典禮”。故填marriage。[示例](2020·全國卷Ⅱ)ChineseNewYearisa____(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.[分析]celebration不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。[示例](2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_____(compete)towatch.[分析]competition根據(jù)空格前的冠詞＋形容詞aninteresting可知，此處應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式competition?！季毤?xì)做50題〗1.（2021浙江1月,62）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.2.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.（2022新高考I卷）__________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP_________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.5.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.6.（2022新高考II卷）Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe__________(fall)child.7.（2022新高考II卷）Henry_________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.8.（2022新高考II卷）HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly_________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.9.（2022新高考II卷）Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup________(see)them.10.（2022年浙江卷1月）ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans____________（continue）thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.",shesays,"areallypositivechange."11.（2022全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.12.（2022全國乙卷）ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety_________(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind,”hesaid.13.（2021新高考I卷）Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_____________（astonish）.14.（2022北京卷）Eventually,theman_________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!15.（2021新高考II卷）Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,________(think)itisfood.16.（2021新高考II卷）Idecidedtodosomething________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.17.（2022北京卷）Theuseofthoseplastics_________(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.18.（2022浙江1月卷）Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane_________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.19.（2021新高考II卷）Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.20.（2021浙江卷）Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________（plant）flowersinthefrontyard.21.（2022浙江1月卷）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists_________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22.（2022浙江卷）Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting_________(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?23.（2021浙江卷1月）In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.24.（2021浙江卷1月Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople_______(live)inthecountryside,including(lowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.25.（2022浙江卷）Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he_________(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.26.MountVesuviushadnoteruptedforcenturies,sothepeopleofPompeiifeltthattheywerein(safe)．27.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷）Theyareeasy___________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.28.（2021新高考II卷）Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto_________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.29.（2020新課標(biāo)I卷）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4__________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.30.（2022浙江1月卷）ButCobbandothers_________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.31.（2021全國甲卷）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).32.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth___________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.33.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.34.（2020新課標(biāo)III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout__________(find)thewell-knownpainter.35.（2020新課標(biāo)III卷）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.36.（2020年浙江卷）Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology_________(change)lives.37.（2020年浙江卷）Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，______(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.38.（2020年浙江卷1月）Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected____________(increase)to42by2050.39.（2020年浙江卷1月）Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge____________(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulation40.（2020年山東卷）Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselves)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor__________(walk)througharainforest.41.（2021全國甲卷）We_________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.42.（2021全國乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome_________(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.43.Youcanimaginehow