2019年英語(yǔ)新外研必修五講義Module3SectionⅢGrammar-復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞形式（Ⅲ）

Section_ⅢGrammar—復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞形式(Ⅲ)語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Thelightmovedandasurprisedfacelookedout.②Themanaskedustofollowhimonourraftandweallwentbacktothesteamboat.③Laterhebecameajournalistandbeganwritingstoriesaboutlifeontheriver.④Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.⑤ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,andwefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.⑥Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.⑦Idon'twanttoboardasinkingship.⑧Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.⑨Itlooksasifit'llgoundersoon.⑩AlthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltcurious.?Shekeptsilent.?Edisonfinallybecameagreatinventor.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)①～⑧句中的黑體部分分別在句中作什么成分？①⑥⑦作定語(yǔ)；②④⑤作賓補(bǔ)；③⑧作賓語(yǔ)。(2)?句中的系動(dòng)詞為became，表語(yǔ)是名詞；eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))句中有兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞；⑩?句中的表語(yǔ)都是形容詞；⑨句中的系動(dòng)詞為looks，表語(yǔ)是as_if引導(dǎo)的從句。本模塊重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)不定式作賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法、動(dòng)詞-ed形式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法以及連系動(dòng)詞的用法。一、不定式作賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法1．不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)常見(jiàn)的只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有want,hope,wish,offer，fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，她假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)我。[名師點(diǎn)津]如果作賓語(yǔ)的不定式還帶有自己的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)(不定式)置于賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。常見(jiàn)的詞有find,feel,make,consider等。IfounditinterestingtostudyEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。(2)不定式作介詞but和except(除了)的賓語(yǔ)。如果but或except前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，不定式要省略to，反之不省。另外，“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”常作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Ihavenothingtodobutsithere.除了坐在這里我無(wú)事可做。Hehasnochoicebuttostayhere.他除了待在這里，別無(wú)選擇。[即時(shí)演練1]完成句子①Whatdoyouplan_to_doduringtheholidays?你打算在假期里做什么？②Hepromised_to_turn_overanewleafandstudyharder.他保證重新開(kāi)始，更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。③Theyhavedecided_to_gototheseasidefortheirholidays.他們決定去海邊度假。2．不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：force,beg,allow,wish,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,permit,warn等。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Myparentsdidn'tallowmetosmoke.我父母不允許我吸煙。Peter,myEnglishteacher,alwaysencouragesustostudyhard.我的英語(yǔ)老師彼得總是鼓勵(lì)我們要努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式常省略“to”，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：吾(五)看三室(使)一廳(聽(tīng))see,lookat,notice,watch,observe;let,have,make;hearIoftenhearhimsingthatsong.我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他唱那首歌。Isawhimplayinthepark.我看見(jiàn)他在公園里玩。[名師點(diǎn)津]這種句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省掉的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”需要還原。Heisoftenheardtosingthatsong.人們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到他唱那首歌。(3)后跟“tobe＋形容詞”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：find,think,consider,expect,believe,suppose,know,understand等。Ineverexpectedhimtobesodetermined.我從沒(méi)料到他是如此堅(jiān)決。[即時(shí)演練2]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Trytopersuadehimto_come(come)．②Thedoctoradvisedmeto_take(take)moreexercise.③Hisjokemadeuslaugh(laugh)ourheadsoff.④Someonewasheardto_come(come)upthestairs.⑤Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)跟v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考慮),delay,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate等。IenjoywatchingTV.Whataboutyou?我喜歡看電視。你呢？2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)既可以是不定式也可以是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，動(dòng)詞接這兩種形式的賓語(yǔ)意義差別很大。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記要做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得要做某事,rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—No,Idon'tregretquarrellingwithhim.——你應(yīng)該向你的兄弟道歉。——不，我不后悔與他吵架。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很遺憾地告訴你你被開(kāi)除了。(2)require,want,need表示“需要”時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式和不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，所表達(dá)的意義一樣。Themachineneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這機(jī)器需要修理了。[即時(shí)演練3]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Heisconsideringbuying(buy)anewhouse.②Youngpeoplemayriskgoing(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.③Imeantto_go(go),butmyfatherdidn'tallowmeto.④Rememberto_tell(tell)himthenewswhenhecomesback.⑤Irememberreturning(return)thebooktothelibrarylastweek.2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：see，hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,get,have,leave等。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓車(chē)在門(mén)口等著。Ithinkithardtogettheoldmantalking.我認(rèn)為讓這個(gè)老人開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)很難。[名師點(diǎn)津]感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有四種形式，以hear為例：eq\a\vs4\al(hear＋,賓語(yǔ)＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing聽(tīng)見(jiàn)……正做……,do聽(tīng)見(jiàn)……做了……))\a\vs4\al(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone聽(tīng)見(jiàn)……正在被做,done聽(tīng)見(jiàn)……被做))\a\vs4\al(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系)))Iheardagirlsingingupstairs.我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)女孩正在樓上唱歌。(表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)Iheardagirlsingupstairs.我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)女孩在樓上唱歌。(強(qiáng)調(diào)唱歌的事實(shí))Iheardthesongbeingsung.我聽(tīng)到有人正在唱這首歌。(表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)Iheardthesongsung.我聽(tīng)到有人唱過(guò)這首歌。(表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作)[即時(shí)演練4]翻譯句子①昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)了他干活這一事實(shí))I_saw_him_work_in_the_garden_yesterday.②昨天我看見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看見(jiàn)他正在干活這一動(dòng)作)I_saw_him_working_in_the_garden_yesterday.③我在超市購(gòu)物時(shí)看到一位女士的包被搶了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng))I_saw_a_woman_robbed_of_her_bag_when_I_went_shopping_in_the_supermarket.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)的用法1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行關(guān)系；動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)或完成關(guān)系。Look!Theyounggirlchattingwithourteacherismysister.看！那個(gè)和我們老師聊天的年輕女孩是我姐姐。Thisisthemoneycollectedfortheproject.這是為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目募集到的錢(qián)。2．某些具有使動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示心理感受或心理狀態(tài)，常被譯作“感到……的”，常修飾人或表示人的聲音、嗓音或表情等。而其-ing形式常表示事物的性質(zhì)特征，常譯作“令人感到……的，令人……的”，常修飾物。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(excitedchildren興奮的孩子們,excitingstories令人興奮的故事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(afrightenedlook一個(gè)害怕的表情,afrighteninglook一個(gè)令人害怕的表情))[即時(shí)演練5](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Tomhadanunusualandinteresting(interest)life.②Thefrightened(frighten)childrenwerecallingfortheirmothers.③Therewasasurprisedlookonhisfacewhenhesawthesurprisingscene.(surprise)(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Theboyreadabookbytheriverisveryexcellent.read→reading②Sheisateacherlovingbyallthestudents.loving→loved③Youcannotacceptanopinionofferingtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offering→offered四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)的用法動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)；動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)的感受。Themusicismuchpleasingtotheear.這段音樂(lè)非常悅耳。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他們對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作很滿(mǎn)意。[即時(shí)演練6]完成句子①Whatyouhavesaidis_disappointing(令人失望)．②Iam_disappointed(失望的)aboutwhatyouhavedone.③ThesceneintheTVplayis_touching(令人感動(dòng))．④Theywere_touched(受感動(dòng)的)bythesceneaftertheysawtheTVplay.五、連系動(dòng)詞1．用法連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(表示主語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài))，連系動(dòng)詞后一般可跟名詞、形容詞等作表語(yǔ)。2．分類(lèi)(1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：beTheseshoesaretootightforme.這雙鞋我穿太小。(2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。Heremainedsingleallhislife.他一輩子單身。Pleasestayseated.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)坐著。(3)表象系動(dòng)詞：表示“看起來(lái)好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。Thedoctorseemedverycapable.那名醫(yī)生似乎很能干。Heappearedquitewell.他看起來(lái)身體很棒。(4)感官系動(dòng)詞：表示“……起來(lái)”，主要有feel(摸起來(lái)，感覺(jué)),smell(聞起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái))等。Themeatsmellsterrible.這肉聞起來(lái)很難聞。Themusicsoundsnice,doesn'tit?這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好聽(tīng)，不是嗎？(5)變化系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我們的國(guó)家正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大了。She'sgrowingfat.她正在長(zhǎng)胖。(6)終止系動(dòng)詞：主要有prove,turnout(結(jié)果是，證明是)等。Hisstoryprovedtrue.＝Hisstoryprovedtobetrue.他的故事證明是真的。[即時(shí)演練7](1)完成句子①Ourgrandmotherlooks_very_worriedtoday.今天奶奶看上去很擔(dān)心。②Healwayskeeps_silentatthemeeting.他總是在會(huì)議上保持沉默。③Thiskindofclothfeels_very_soft.這種布摸起來(lái)很軟。(2)翻譯句子①隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們也變得更聰明了。(get)We_get_wiser_as_we_get_older.②她最后成了一位著名的歌唱家。(become)She_finally_became_a_famous_singer.③她的計(jì)劃證明是成功的。(turnout)Her_plan_turned_out_(to_be)_a_success.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2．Whatapoormemory!Iforgotborrowing(borrow)moneyfromhimyesterdaywhenIsawhimtodaysoIforgotto_return(return)themoneytohim.3．Iregrettedto_tell(tell)himthathehadbeenlaidoff.Tomysurprise,hesaidtome,“Iamnotsad.Ionlyregrettaking/having_taken(take)upthewrongjob.”4．Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneedscutting/to_be_cut(cut)．5．Tom'sparentsdonotallowTomto_go(go)swimming.6．Theywon'tallowusing(use)mobilephonesinclass.7．Hethinksitnousearguing(argue)withTom,becausehewillneverchangehismind.8．Iheldthelittlebirdinmyhandandfeltitsheartbeating(beat)．9．Whydoyouhavethewaterrunning(run)allthetime?10．Isthereanythingyouwantfromtown?I'mgoingtogetmysonto_drive(drive)methere.Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示詞完成句子1．Visitorsare_not_permitted_to_enter_the_parkafterdark.(permit)游客不允許在天黑后進(jìn)入公園。2．Theangrymanlooks_mad.(look)那個(gè)怒氣沖沖的人看起來(lái)瘋了。3．Hepassedbyuswithout_greeting_us.(without)沒(méi)有向我們打招呼他就從我們旁邊過(guò)去了。4．Sheimagi