高中英語(yǔ) 示范教案Period 2　Learning about Language

Period2LearningaboutLanguageTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisperiod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntinthereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun.TeachingImportantPointsLearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.TeachingDifficultPointsLearntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.TeachingMethodsAsking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.TeachingAidsAmulti-mediacomputerAblackboardThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeandSkillsLearnsomekeywords:trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besidesLearnsomeimportantdrills:IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.ProcessandStrategiesTheteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.Givesomenecessaryexplanation.FeelingsandValueThroughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasa,theirabilityoftransferencewillbestrengthened.TeachingProceduresStep1Revision.thestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.Step2UsefulwordsandexpressionsT:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandnowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatmeansthesamefromthetext.onPage11)Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:Suggestedanswers:...ofa...liferathertoT:NowLet’scometocompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llaskyoutogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.Suggestedanswers:ratheraT:Howabout,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.Suggestedanswers:Step3DiscoveringusefulstructuresT:Let’scometodiscoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthisyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoorpersoncanhaveawish”mean?S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”T:Verygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinonPage12.Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)Suggestedanswers:peopleinneedofhelpisnice.hybridriceisn’teasy.moreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.researchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.ridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.thisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliketochecktheanswersofonPage12.(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)Suggestedanswers:Yuanlikestalkingtoricegrowersabouthiswork.continueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.citykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.allstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.startedproducinghybridricein1974.remembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasinBeijinglasttime.Step4GrammarT:Today,wearegoingtolearntheasaatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andpleasegivemesomeexamples.S:Itcanbeusedasexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousetheashowaboutothers?S:Itcanalsobeusedasexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.T:Youareformcanbeusedasobject,let’scometoknowmoreaboutit.T:Verygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)Step5HomeworktherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.forthenextclass.theexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit2WorkingthelandPeriod2Learningaboutlanguageadj.化學(xué)的;關(guān)于化學(xué)的chemistryn.化學(xué)thatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform:begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedinRecordafterTeachingActivitiesandResearchWhenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencouragethestudentstosumupthegrammaticaltheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossibletoconsolidateit.ReferenceforTeachingGrammar動(dòng)名詞一、概述和不定式一樣,動(dòng)名詞也是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種,它通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進(jìn)行式三種形式。如下表所示:態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone完成進(jìn)行式havingbeendoing無(wú)動(dòng)名詞仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。二、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式①一般式動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者表示一種無(wú)時(shí)間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.他喜歡用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)信。Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。②完成式動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),如:Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.他們?yōu)闆](méi)能幫上你的忙而遺憾。Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.他寫(xiě)完信,就去寄它了。Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.她后悔沒(méi)有看到那部電影。③完成進(jìn)行式動(dòng)名詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí),或繼續(xù)。如:Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)式。如:Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.他從窗口爬進(jìn)去,沒(méi)有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).她要在無(wú)人干擾的情況下才能工作。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.鐵路在興建中。AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)在巴士底監(jiān)獄許多年后,最近獲釋。特別提示:-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義在want,need,deserve,require等動(dòng)詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于“tobe+過(guò)去分詞”。如:Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).我的手表需要修理。Thehousewantscleaning.這房屋需要打掃。在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣。如:Thefilmisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。Theplaceisworthvisiting.那個(gè)地方值得一游。三、動(dòng)名詞的否定式動(dòng)名詞的否定式通常是在動(dòng)名詞前加否定詞not。例如:Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.我沒(méi)能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.我很抱歉不能幫助你。1.作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子有兩種形式:(1)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬(wàn)不能干的。Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。Talkingiseasierthandoing。說(shuō)比做容易。(2)用形式主語(yǔ)it,把真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。It’sworthmakingtheeffort.這事值得去做。Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?想再解釋一次有好處嗎?Itispleasantworkingwithyou.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。(3)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.若要人不知,除非己莫為。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。注意:動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較:動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。例如:Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。Doingnothingisdoingill.什么也不做就是作惡。Hesaid,“Togoonlikethisisnouse.”他說(shuō):“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的?！盜t’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。歸納:常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有:It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒(méi)用處的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Thereisnodoing無(wú)法……,不允許……Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒(méi)有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干……無(wú)意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒(méi)有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無(wú)意義Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.我們不知道要去哪兒。Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……沒(méi)必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing。Thereisnoneedtotellher.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。2.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。一是有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ);二是有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。（1）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如:Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友?Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。（2）既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后,用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。例如:Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.我考慮要去,可是我要寫(xiě)這篇作文。Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.我喜歡從政治、體育及音樂(lè)等方面學(xué)習(xí)新的事情。Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.我們相信將會(huì)有更多的人喜歡乘坐飛機(jī)旅行。在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:I’dprefertodothattomorrow.這事我想明天再做。I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.我倒是想去購(gòu)物,但又不想白天去。I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.我想讓你見(jiàn)一見(jiàn)張醫(yī)生。Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.噢,我倒是想做個(gè)參賽者。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。例如:Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.20年代爵士音樂(lè)在美國(guó)南部各州開(kāi)始發(fā)展。Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.船體開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)漏洞,并開(kāi)始進(jìn)水。Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.漢克開(kāi)始走回他自己坐的車(chē)廂。Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.新聞?dòng)浾卟坏貌煌Ｏ率种兴鶎?xiě)的,立刻開(kāi)始寫(xiě)最新的重要新聞。當(dāng)begin/start與see,think,feel,understand等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),用不定式。例如:Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.他們開(kāi)始明白森林有多么重要。begin/start用進(jìn)行式時(shí),只能后接不定式。例如:Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.我開(kāi)始想繼續(xù)往上爬會(huì)不會(huì)越來(lái)越難。I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.我又開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)胖了。C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,例如:Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得我已把信寄了。I’llremembertoposttheletter.我會(huì)記著去寄信的。Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見(jiàn)到過(guò)那位著名作家。Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.不要忘了給你母親寫(xiě)信。Iregretmissingthereport.我真后悔沒(méi)趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設(shè)法),trydoing(試試),meanto