高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題附答案x

閱讀理解專項突破III詞義猜測【命題特點】考查根據(jù)上下文推測生詞和短語的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握的能力?！境Ｒ娍挤ā縏heunderlinedword"…"probablymeans—.Theword“...''usedinparagraph**...Arefersto/suggestsThephrase"…"inthesentencecanbereplacedby.WhichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothewordWhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph"...'TBysayingwemean.WhatdoyouthinkoftheexpressionUsiandsfor?&Themeaningofword**../*inthepassageisrelatedto.酬定文刪釋卿語義 -有些概念性生詞出現(xiàn)后.作者會給出它的定義、同位語、修怖性從句或是定語?這些修飾成分可以幫助我們推斷出生詞的語義定義句的謂語動詞在文中多為：be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define（下定義）,represent,signify（表示，表明），constitute（指。e）等。解秤則常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等詞語以及同位語和定語從句來提示下文將前面的信息加以重復(fù)或解釋。有時作者會用復(fù)述的形式來解釋語義.而復(fù)述部分可以是詞.短語或從句。還有下一些標(biāo)點符號，如冒號、破折號、括號等都表示后文要繼續(xù)解秫說明前文。eg.1.Thepowerfulpoisonwasimpcrccmiblcwhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.（無法察覺的.感覺不到的）2.TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamous--menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse（fid偶）atatime. （一夫一妻制）Exercises:Paniomimcreferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.—默劇，啞劇UAnthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.人類學(xué)Wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre.n廳Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks（臉頰）.胡須Somecomputerscientistsarcdevelopingartiflcial-intclligcnccmachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople.人工智能Test1Thereisnocure（治愈）forAlzheimer's.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（癥狀）.WhatisARICEPT?（C）AmedicinetocureAlzheimer'sAmedicinetodelaysignsofaging.C,AmedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer's.D.Amedicinetocurebraindamage.Test2HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.

Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa.（D）placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesmountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleytownwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkrestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二.利用例證猜測語義恭些閱讀文章為了證實或說明茶一觀點，常會舉一些例子，而且時時會用一些標(biāo)志性語言或標(biāo)點符號來引出.如：括號、破折號、冒號等或諸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoonJustas,like,similarity等連接詞或詞組。eg.1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener,期刊Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.（幾何）Exercises:,Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweapons（武器）andwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads,_投降A(chǔ)pplyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol（酒精），onlheskin.殺菌劑InthecomertheremaybeaChristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningomamcnlssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.—裝飾物TestThelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices一一deluxesedans>minivans,stationwagons*coaches.Santanasedansarcthebigfavorite?56Thewords"deluxesedans",“minivans”and“stationwagons"usedinthetextrefersto. （C）A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC,carsforrentD.carmakers三.利用反義關(guān)系矗同義關(guān)系推測語義利用反義關(guān)系推測語義有些生詞的后面往往會出現(xiàn)一個或幾個反義詞.或者表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，詞組等.抓住這些可以幫助我們推斷生詞語義。標(biāo)志詞有although,but,however,whereas（反之），nevertheless（然而，不過）?onthecontrary,incontrast（相對），ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead（of）,ratherthan等。利用同義關(guān)系推幣語義通常情況下，英語忌諱實詞重復(fù)。避免重復(fù)的方法之一是利用同義詞或近義詞代替。同義詞替換的修飾方法可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。標(biāo)志詞有：or,like,similarly等。cg.l.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism（樂觀主義）canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast（相反）,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness. 悲觀主義— “一2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarly（相同地）loauacious.慕話的，嘮叨的 一Exercises:ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.—骯臟的_同種的》相似的UnliketheUnitedSlates,wheremanydiftcrcntnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan%同種的》相似的Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges?靜態(tài)的，穩(wěn)定的Hereplied(答復(fù))quickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregretted(后悔)havingmadesuchahastydecision.匆忙的，輕率的Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy(羌味)，wcChinesepeopleseldomcatanymeatthatisuncooked.生的，未力□工的_Test1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butwcknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.Theunderlinedword"agony”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans(C)A.formB.conditionC,painD.sadnessTest2Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasbuoyantintheairasacork(軟木塞)inwater.Theword“buoyanl"inthissentencemostprobablymeans (C)A.abletobeused B.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherC.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaceD.abletocarryanything四.用語境猜測語義(1)利用“小?’上下文推測詞義，即利用生詞附近的內(nèi)容推斷生詞詞義。如：Iamarcsoluicman.OnceIsetupagoal,1won'tgiveupeasily.堅決的?果斷的(2)利用嚴(yán)r上下殳推測詞義.即利用距離生詞較遠(yuǎn)的內(nèi)容，如疊個段落.篇章等來推斷?eg.Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadiflcrenceithasmadetoourlives!Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.Alsowccanseescenesinthestreet.Bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation(力口冕典禮)in1953andtheopeningofParliament.Perhapsthesullcrersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everygesturewillbeseenbya"zippersonality八.PerhapswecansympathizewhenMembersofParliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezippedZipmeansA.cinema.B.photography.C?television. D.telephone.(C)Exercises:WhenIgottothetheatre,1wasrelievedtoseethatnobodywaswaitinginline.IwasthefirsttogetthereandsurethatIcouldgettheticketwithoutanyproblem.Theunderlinedword"relieved八inthepassagemaybestbereplaceby.(B.不確定)A.surprisedB?pleasedC?producedD.soldAppletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodlorthetree?Theunderlinedword"yielded”inthelastsentencemeans (C)A.improvedB.increasedC?producedD.soldTestThesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.Greenbuildingmeans,“reducingtheimpactoflhebuildingontheland",TarynHolowkaoftheU.S.GreenbuildingcouncilinWashington,D.C?said.61.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedphrase"thebuilding"mostprobablyrefersto—.（A）A.anordinarybuilding B.anenergy-savingbuildingC.agreen-coloredbuildingD.abuildinginWashington,D.C.五?知用構(gòu)詞法猜測語義 ?掌握前后緞規(guī)，懾如un?，igin-,dis-,il?等前綴與Jess等后綴可構(gòu)成反義詞：后綴-ful,-ly,-ism,-ncss等可改換詞性。而合成詞要在正確理解兩詞的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文把握兩詞之間的關(guān)系.猜測詞義：而對詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化.也要求結(jié)合上下文來猜測。eg.1,Carrentalsarcbecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad（不貴的）<€Evcnwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinncrmosifeelings...內(nèi)心的Inwrcwionism（印象派，卬^主義）isaformofartwhichbeganinthe1870s.Whenyoulookcloselyataninwressionisi（卬象派的）painting,youseelittledotsofdiilcrcntcoloredpaints.Whenyoumoveawayfromthepicture,thedotsofcolorsblendsandthepaintinglooklikeithaslightplayingonthepeopleandobjectsinthepicture.TestWithoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem?Aformoffavoritismwillreplace（代替）equality（公平）?—Theword八favoritism'5inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenon（現(xiàn)象）that_B.brighlchildrenalsoneedcertificationtogetsatisfying（令人滿意的）jobschildrenfromwcll-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobspoorchildrenwithcertification（證書、資格）arcfavoredinjobmarketschildrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess.（得到力戈功）A因果關(guān)系豬測詞殳 J常見的因果號詞有：asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,since,consequently,sothat,so/such…that等。eg.Shewantedthehairdresser（發(fā)型師）totrimherhairabitbecauseitwastolong.（修剪剪短） 一Exercises:Theriverisso（urbidthatitisimpossibletosecthebottomevenwhenitisshallow._渾濁的Hedidn'lhearmyknockingatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinTV.全神貫注的Itrained,sothetootballmatchwasposiponed.—推遲Theyoungmanwassobashfulthathedidn'lspeaktotheprettygirl.—害羞的七利用文花背:ft、生活常識猜測詞義 ‘J—運用邏輯推理能力.結(jié)合社會文化背:ft和自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識，再根據(jù)上下文推測?eg.1.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoodsandthencatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclaws（爪子）fortearing（撕），seizing（抓?。?pullingorholdingobjects（物體）-Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither（枯萎）becauseofthecoldweather.Exercises:Thedrivertriedtoaverttheaccidentbybringingthecartoasuddenstop._避免，避開_Ifamanfeelsverycold,healwayshuddleshimselfup.蜷縮WhatcouldJohnexpect?Hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunks（游泳褲）inthedark

closet（柜子）foroveraweek.Ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew.發(fā)霉Afishbreathesinwaterwithgills.—魚鯉Test1Markgotonthemotorbike,1satbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingTheword“pillion"inthissentenceprobab（C）eans_B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingA.anobjectusedforsleepingC.ascatforsecondpersononamotorcycleTest2OneofBritain'sbravestwomantoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspected（嫌疑的）policeKillerDavidBieberandwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto￡30,000rewardmoney.Theunderlinedphrase"beinlinefbf*inparagraph1means_（A）_.A.gelB.bepaidC,askforD.ownA?熟詞做猜測熟詞的陌生意義通常有三種情況：該熟詞在新的具體語境中有了和原來考生所標(biāo)的意義不同的如：firevt.解雇finevt.罰款falln.秋天standvt.忍受考查一些代詞的指代現(xiàn)舄(3) 新詞在新的語境中變換了詞性eg.1.Themajormarketforceresultsin（在于）thegrowingpopulationofwhilc?c0113r（衣領(lǐng)）employees,whocanaffordthenewservice.（白領(lǐng)）Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodemlife?（描繪，想象）Manypeopleworktokeepanimalsfrombeingkillcd,Somepeoplehelpanimalsaspartoftheirjob,othersdoitjustbecausetheylikeanimals,Inthisparagraph,thewordrheir"refersto_（A）.A.somepeopleB.someanimalsC,manypeopleD.manyanimals思考*延伸到完形填空Thingswereverybadthatparticularwinter.Thenalettercamefromwherehersewingmachinewasbrought,announcingthattheywouldhavetopickuphermachinethenextdayunlesspaymentswerebroughtuptodate.1rememberthatwhenshereadtheletterIbecamefrightened.Icould_41_usstarving（tJL餓）todeathandallsortsofthingsthatcouldcometochild'smind.41.A.supposeB.pictureC,standD.regret（B）九實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Ilislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Yourbedroomdrawerswillbefilledwithalmostthreetimesasmanyclothesasyouneed,Youalmostcertainlyownacarandpossiblyahomecomputer,holidayabroadatleastonceayearandeatoutatleastonceaweek.Now,perhaps,morethaneverbefore,peoplearcwonderingwhatlifeisallabout,andwhatitisfor.Seekingmaterialsuccessisbeginningtotroublelargenumbersofpeoplearoundtheworld.Theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.Manyarcturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshihinpisoneofthem.SixpercentofworkersinBritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear,OnecouplewhodownshiftedisDanielandLiz.TheyusedtoworkincentralLondon.Hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.Theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs(郊區(qū))，leavingtheirtwochildrenwithananny(保姆).MosteveningsDanielwouldn'tgethome