R語言學(xué)習(xí)代碼(1-6章節(jié))

(R語言學(xué)習(xí)代碼16章節(jié))注釋：參考代碼來自?R語言實戰(zhàn)第二版?fix(mydata)getwd()setwd("C:/Users/18226/Documents/rdatas)HN1<-read.table(xx.txt,header=TRUE,row.naiiies=StiidentID°,sep=help(table)HHM#讀取excel數(shù)據(jù)mstall.packagesC^readxl)0library(readxl)data=read_excel(xx.xlsx,sheet=1)HHhelpCreadxl)ninstall.packages("openxlsx")#出現(xiàn)點問題,待處理libraty(xlsx)read.xlsx(ee.xlsx\sheet=hcolnames=TRUE)H,#讀取SPSS數(shù)據(jù)libraryforeign")#系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在,可以使用read.spss()mstall.packages(Hiiiisc)Hnlibrary(Hinisc)#iise.value.labels表示讓函數(shù)將帶有標(biāo)簽的變量導(dǎo)入為R水平對應(yīng)相同的因子spsl<-spss.get(Brand.sav,use3alue.labels=TRUE)summary(spsl)MHwstr(spsl)#數(shù)據(jù)集的標(biāo)注mtcarsp<-data.frame(mtcars$mpg,mtcars$cyl)names(p)[2]<-testvarlabels"#變量標(biāo)簽H#創(chuàng)立值標(biāo)簽,leves代表變量的實際值,labels表示包含了理想值標(biāo)簽的字符型向量pS'testvarlabels'v-factor(p$'testvarlabels',levels=c(4,8)Jabels=c(male,female))HHMH#處理數(shù)據(jù)對象的實用函數(shù)mtcarslength(mtcars)#顯示對象中元素/成分的數(shù)量dim(mtcars)#顯示數(shù)據(jù)對象的維度Is.#顯示當(dāng)前的對象列表fix(mtcars)#直接編輯對象nn(object)rm(list=ls())#刪除當(dāng)前工作環(huán)境中的幾乎所有對象#圖形初階#保存文件:png(),jpeg0.bmp()jiff(),wm.metafile(),postcript()pdf(mygraph.pdf),,,attach(mtcars)#添加搜索路徑plot(wt.mpg)abline(lm(mpgwt))title(RegressionofMPGonweight'*)ndetach(mtcars)#刪除搜索路徑dev.off()dev.new(泌翻開一個新的圖形窗口dev.next.lust(mpg)dose<-c(20,30.40,45,60)dnigA<-c(16,20,27,40,60)drugbv-c(15,18,25,3L40)plot(dose.dmgA,type=b)HMopar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)#復(fù)制一份當(dāng)前圖形參數(shù)設(shè)置par(lty=2,pch=l7)plot(dose,drugA,type="b")par(opar)plot(dose.dnigA,type="b",lty=3,hvd=3,pch=15,cex=2)#顏色colors.#返回所有可用的顏色的名稱iiistall.packages(RColorBrewef)librar\(RColorBrewer)H,rn<-7mycolors<-brewer.pal(n/Setl)barplot(rep(1,n),col=mycolors)H#文本屬性plot(dose.dmgA,type=b,niam=thesfd\cex.main=3,fbnt.niain=Lcex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.5)HMH,#圖形尺寸和邊界尺寸dose<v(20,30,4045,60)drugA<-c(16,20,27,40,60)dnigbv-c(l5,18,25,31,40)opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)#獲取當(dāng)前圖形參數(shù)par(pin=c(2,3))par(lwd=2,cex=l.5)H,,HHplot(dose.dnigA,type=b,pch=23,lt>=6,col=blue,bg=green)HM,tHMH#添加文本、自定義坐標(biāo)和圖例plot(dose.dmgA,type=b,col=redlty=2,pch=2,lwd=2,HHHM?main="ClineTrisfoeGtd;sub="FG'xlab="xlablylab=ylab.xlmi=c(0,60),ylim=c(0,70))HM#標(biāo)題title()#坐標(biāo)軸axis()#代碼清單3-2x<-c(l:10)y<-xz<-10/x#生成數(shù)據(jù)opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)#獲取當(dāng)前圖形參數(shù)par(niar=c(5,4,4,8)+0.1)#增加邊界大小plot(x,y.type=red'\yaxt=n\lty=3,ann=FALSE)#繪制x對y的圖形n,lines(x,z,type=b,pch=22,col=blue\lty=2)HHM,axis(2,at=x,labels=x,col.axis=red",las=2)Haxis(4,at=z,labels=round(z.digits=2),col="blue*\las=2,cex.axis=0.7,tck=-0.01)mtext(y=1/x'\side=4,line=3,cex.lab=l,las=2,81="bhxe")#添力fl文本Htitle(AnExampleofCreativeAxes*\xlab=XValues,ylab="Y=x")#添加標(biāo)題par(opar)HHH#次要參考線library(Hmisc)niHior.tick(iix=n.ny=n.tick.ratio=n)minor.tick(iix=2,ny=3,tick.ratio=0.5)#代碼清單3-3dose<v(20,30,4045,60)drugA<-c(16,20,27,40,60)par(lwd=2,cex=1.5font.lab=2)#增加線寬、文本大小,標(biāo)簽字體plot(dose,dmgA,type=b,pch=15,lty=l,col=red'\ylim=c(0,60),mam="DrugAVSDrugb〞,HHHxlab="DrugDoseG,ylab="DrugResponse**)Mabline(h=c(30),lwd=lJty=2col=gray)HH,library(Hmisc)niHior.tick(iix=3.ny=3Jick.ratio=0.5)#次要參考線legend(topleft,inset=0.05,title="DrugType",c("A"JB"),Ity=HHc(l,2),pch=c(15,17),col=c("redT*blue"))#添加圖例#文本標(biāo)注attach(mtcars)plot(wt.mpg,main=Milevcsd,xlab=sdf\ylab="sde",pch=l8,col='red)HHHHtext(wt.mpg,s(mtcars),cex=0.6,pos=4clo=blue)detach(mtcars)HH>#數(shù)學(xué)標(biāo)注help(°plotmath)demo(plotmath)HMH#圖形組合attach(mtcars)opar<-par(no.readonly=TRUE)#獲取前圖形參數(shù)par(mfrow=c(2,2))#組合四幅圖形plot^vl.mpg.niain=dgaggsdafdf*)plot(wtdsp.main="dgaggsdafdf')hist(wt.main="dgaggsdafdf')Hboxplot(XAl,main="dgaggsdafdf')par(opar)detach(mtcars)attach(mtcars)layout(matrix(c(Ll,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE))plot^M.mpg.niain=dgaggsdafdf*)Hplot(wtdsp.main=dgaggsdafdf)Mhist(wt.main=dgaggsdafdf)Mbcxplot(wt,main=dgaggsdafdf')ndetach(mtcars)help(layont)HH#根本數(shù)據(jù)治理leadership<-data.frame()fix(leadership)manager<-c(l,2,345)datev-4'10/24/08'10/2&'08Y'10/L08710/12/08“J5/l/09〞)coimryv-c(PS〞JUS“JUK/UK〞JUK〞)generv-c(“M“JNr?F')age<-c(32,45,25,39,99)ql<-c(5,3,3,3,2)q2<-c(4,5,5,3,2)q3<-c(5,2,5,4,l)q4v-c(5,5,5,NA,2)q5v-c(5,52NA.l)leadership<-data.fraine(manager.date,age.genercoiuir>;ql,q2,q3,q4,q5,stnngsAsFactors=FALSE)str(leadership)#創(chuàng)立一個新的變量(列出兩種方式)leadershipSsum<-Ieadership$q4+leadership$q5leadership<-traiisfbrm(leadership,meanx=(q4+q5)/2)#變量重編碼-測試錯誤leadership<-with(leaderslnp.(agecat<-NAagecat[age>75]<-ElderMHagecat[age>=55&age<=75]<-"MiddleAged"agecat[age<55]<-YoungHH})#變量名的重命名fix(leadership)names(leadership)[2]<-testDateHHnames(leadership)names(leadership)[4:8]<-c(itemr\iteni2\item3\"item4,item5)M,,,1,,,HHn#缺失值is.na(leadersliip)is,na(leadership[,4:8])#重編碼某些值為缺失值leadership$iteml[leadersliipSiteml=5]<-NA#在分析中排除缺失值:na.rm=TRUE可以在計算前移出缺失值并使用剩余值在計算xv-c(L2,NA,3)y<-sum(x,na.mi=TRUE)newdata<-na.oniit(leadership)#na.oniit移出所有含有缺失值的參數(shù)help(sum)Sys.Date.#返回當(dāng)前的日期date.#返回當(dāng)前的日期和時間foniiat(x,fonnat=%B%d〞)#輸出指定格式的日期值Htoday<-Sys.Date()dob<-as.Date(1997.05-21)HHdifftmie(todaydob,umts="weeks")#根據(jù)周數(shù)計算我現(xiàn)在多少周了ascharacter.#將日期等轉(zhuǎn)換為字符型#類型轉(zhuǎn)換-L判斷某個對象的數(shù)據(jù)類型；2-轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種數(shù)據(jù)類型的函數(shù)isnumeric(leadership$couni5)r#數(shù)據(jù)排序neww<-leaderslup[order(leadership$iteml)]cbmd()rbind()#數(shù)據(jù)選取子集paste.#選入變量#newsaf<-subset(leadership,age>=35:age<24,select=c(ql.q2,q3,q4))newsaf<-subset(leadership,gener=M&age>25,select=gener:q4)HHmysai叩le<-leadersliip[sample(l:nrow(leadership),3,replace=FALSE)]mysanq)lel<-leadership[sample(l:ncol(leadersliip)3,replace=FALSE)]#????#高級數(shù)據(jù)治理xV-pretty(c(-3,3),30)y<-dnonn(x)plot(x,y.type=l,xlab='NormalDeviate",ylabHH='Density\yaxs=i),,,,Mpnorm(1.96)#qnomi(0.9,mean=5OO,sd=lOO)#設(shè)定隨機數(shù)種子,生成服從正態(tài)分布的偽隨機數(shù)runif(5)set.seed(1234)runif(5)#library(MASS)options(digits=3)set.seed(1234)mean<-c(230.7,146,7,3-6)sigma<-inatrix(c(l5360.8,6721.2,-47.1.6721.2,4700.9,-16.5,-4701,-16.5,0.3).iirow=3,ncol=3)mydata<-im-niorm(500,mean,sigiiia)mydata<-as.data.frame(mydata)names(mydata)<-dmi(mydata)tail(mydata)summary(mydata)#字符處理函數(shù)#將函數(shù)應(yīng)用于矩陣c<-matrix(nmif(30),nrow=3)log(c)student<-c(JolinDavis"JAngelaWilliams"JBullwinkleMoose〞「'DavidJones",M“JaniceMarkliaineii,CheiiCushing"JRengYydf'「GrayKngs",“JoelEngland〞,HM"MadRaymen")Matchva502,600,412,358,495,512,410625,573,522)Science,c(95,99,80,82,75,85,80,95,89,86)Enghshv-c(25,22,18,15,20,28,15,30,27,18)Roster<-data.frame(snident,Match,Science,English,stringsAsFactors=FALSE)z<-scale(Roster[,2:4])score<-apply(z,l,meaii)Roster<-cbmd(Roster,score)y<-qnantile(score,c(.8,.6,.4,.2))RosterSgrade[score>y[l]]<-AHHRosterSgrade[score<y[1]&score>=y[2]]<-RosterSgrade[score<y[2]&score>=y[3]]<-CHHRosterSgrade[score<y[3]&score>=y[4]]v-RosterSgrade[score<y[4]]<-FHnname<-strsplit((RosterSstudent)/")lastname<-sapply(name,[,2)HHfirstname<-sapply(name「[",l)Rosterv-cbind(firstnameJastname、Roster[,-l])#RosterL-l]丟棄變量StudentRoster<-Roster[order(firstiiaine.lastname)J^control用戶函數(shù)fbr(im1:10)prmt(Helloxiaoyanyaii.welcometoRworld!)n,HK-10while(i>0){prmt(hello);HHi<-i-1)mystats<-ftuiction(x,parametric=TRUE,pnnt=EALSE){if(parametric){center<-mean(x);spread<-sd(x)}else{center<-mediaii(x);spread<-niad(x)}¶metric){)result<-list(center=centerspread=spread)retuni(result))set.seed(1234)x<-momi(500)y<-mystats(x,parametric=TRUE,print=TRUE)#整合和重構(gòu)cars<-mtcars[l:5,l:4]Hears中轉(zhuǎn)置行列#整合數(shù)據(jù)options(digits=3)attach(mtcars)p<-aggregate(mtcarsby=list(cyl.gear),FUN=meaii.na.nn=TRUE)?detach(mtcars)iiistall.packages(resliape2)HHlibrary(reshape2)md<-melt(mydata4d=c(ID/Tmie))HH,Hmydata<-data.frame(ID,Tiine.X1,X2,stringsAsFactors=EA.LSE)dcast^nd.ID-^anablejnean)dcast(nKLTimevanable.mean)dcast(md,ED-Tmie4iiean)#根本方法#根本圖形Hbrary("vcd")counts<-tableCArthritisSIinpro^-ed)#honz=水平條形圖barplot(counts,main="Sinielelxlab=Important,ylab="Frequency",col="redlhonz=TRUE)HMplot(ArthntisSImproved,main="Smele〞,xlab="ddd",ylab="uuu")#繪制類型變量是一個因子或有序型變量#堆砌條形圖和分組條形圖counts1<-table(ArthritisSIinpro\ed,ArthritisSTreatmeiit)-#main="Fdfdgdf'xlab=°ddd\ylab=uuuH,H?barplot(countsl,col=c(red,grey\blue)Jegend=ro\Mianies(countsl))HMH,HHbarplot(coimtsl,col=c(red,'grey,blue),legend=ro^names(coxmtsl),beside=TRUE)H,,,HMHrstates<-data.frame(state.region,state.x77)means<-aggregate(states$Illiteracy,by=list(state.region),FUN=mean)meansmeans<-meaiis[order(meaiis$x)Jmeansbarplot(meansSx,mam="Thisisteseimony\namesarg=meansSGroup.1,,xlab="Groupl;ylab=Meaiis*\col=c(7ed''Jblue'?'pmk'',''yellow").horiz=TRUE,Hs=0.8xex.lab=l)#names.arg=meaasSGroup.l為了展示標(biāo)簽liiies(meansSx,pch=OJwd=lJty=4,col=orange,cex=3.horiz=TRUE)rHHpar(mar=c(10、15,7,2))#改變y邊界的大小''下左上右par(las=2)#旋轉(zhuǎn)條形的標(biāo)簽#bingtupar(mfro\v=c(2,2))#將四張圖合并成一副圖slices<-c(10,12A16.8)Iblesv-c("US〞JUKT'Australic〞JGermaryT'France〞)pie(sliceslbles,main=°SimplePieGraphy)H.pct<-round(slices/sum(slices)*100)lbles2<-paste(lbles：*^pct/H\sep=)HHpie(slices,labels=Ibles,col=rambow(length(lbles2)).niain="SimplePieGraphy)Hmstall.packages(plotrix)HMlibrary(plotnx)pie3D(slices,labels=lbles2,explode=0.1,mam=3Dchart")Hmytable<-table(state.region)lbls3<-paste(names(mytable)J\n"、mytable,sep="")pie(m5lable,labels=lbls3,mam=FF)Hn#扇形圖library(plotnx)xx<-c(10,12A16,8)yyvc("US“JUK〞JAustralic〞〞「France")#直方圖par(mfrow=c(2,2))hist(mtcarsSmpg)hist(mtcars$mpg,breaks=12,col=red,xlab=MilePer*\inain="Color〞)HHHhist(mtcarsSmpg,freq=FALSE,breaks=12,xlab="MilePer\mam="Color"),rug(ji