高中英語閱讀理解經(jīng)典例題

一、高英語閱讀理1．閱讀理解AspentthelastfouryearsoflifewaitingacrossroadintheThaiofKhonKaenaswaitingforsomeone.Peopleoriginallythoughtthebeenabandoned,butrealizedthathelookedhealthy,sopeopleaskedaroundabouthim.Itturnedoutthatdoghadindeedbeenspendingoftimearoundthatcrossroad,buthadbeen-.roundregularlytobringandwater.Oneday,whilephotographingthedogcalledLeo,areportermetwhohadtakingofShehaddropoffsomefood.Afterlearningstoryaboutthethewoman,thereporterdecidedsharethestoryonsocialmedia.Thewentviralthephotosofgotsharedhundredsoftimes.AndthereachedofLeo^oldowner.NangNoiSittisarn,a64-year-oldwomanfromThailand'sRoiProvince,almosthadaheartattackwhenherdaughtershowedherphotoofbeloveddognamedBonBonshehadlostduringcarlearnedthathewaitingforherinspotforthelastfour，heartmelted(融化.AuntieNoitolddaughtertodrivetowheredogwaiting.shegotthereandcalledhisname.BonBon,poorstartedwiggling(扭)hisandher，shetriedtakehimhomewithher,hewasunwillingtofollow.Shedidn'ttoforcethetocomewithtoleavehimwithhisnewmaster.However,andherdaughtercometovisithimregularly.（）thedoghealthyafterseparationhisformerowner?A.Hearoundthecrossroadconstantly.B.Hekeptawoman'sthetime.C.Alocalreporterbroughthimandwater.D.Awomanlookedafterhimonaregularbasis.（）theunderlinedphrase"wentviral"inparagraph2probablymean?A.Changedsurprisingly.B.Spreadquickly.C.Appearedgradually.D.Felldirectly.（）NoiSittisamaboutthedog'swaitingforher?A.Shocked.B.Regretful.C.Touched.D.Proud（）wemainlylearnfromthestoryaboutthedog?A.Unbelievablesuccessisworthwaitingfor.B.Weshouldadjustourselvestoenvironments.C.Wetolearntobefaithfulthankful.

D.Nooneknowstheresultuntilthelastminute.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記文Stiam四前小心丟了一條狗。這條忠誠的狗在走丟的地方等了四年，四年期間他得到了一位好心女士的悉心照料，最后在記者的幫助下與主人重聚。作為回報，他留下來陪伴這位女士。（）節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一“butthenrealizedhelookedhealthy，sosomepeopleaskedaroundabouthim.Itturnedoutthatindeedbeenspendingmostoftimearoundthatcrossroad,buthadbeenaroundregularlytobringhimfoodandwater.可知，那條狗看起來健康是因為一位女士定期照料他。故選D項（）義猜測。根據(jù)畫線短語所在句的句那個帖子很快,Leo的片被分享了成百上千次?！笨蓴喈嬀€短語意為“迅傳播”，與Spreadquickly意最為接近。故選B項。（）理判斷。根據(jù)第三“shelearnedthathehadbeenwaitingforherinthesamespotforthelast，heartmelted(融化.可推斷NangNoiSittisarn得她的狗一直在等待她，她深受感動。故選項（）理判斷題。條狗能夠等自己的主人四年，說明了他很忠誠根最后一的敘述可知，這條狗找到主人后還要留下來陪伴自己的恩人，說明他知道感恩。由此可推斷，我們通過這條狗的故事應(yīng)該學(xué)會忠誠與感恩。故選項?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和詞義猜測三個題型的考查，是一篇記敘文，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解Familiesaroundthecountryfindingnewoptionsfortheirchildren'smiddaymealthankstoanumberofdeliveryoptionscateringtostudents.KiddosCateringinChicagoadoptsmethodofprovidingrestauranttoschoolsthatcontractwithit.OwnerMichelleMosesandherstaffworkwitharearestaurantscreateavarietyofkid-friendlychoicesanddeliverthemealstheschoolsfivedaysaweek.Parentsselectthelunchesfromanonlineorderformthatliststhefeaturedrestaurantandchoices."Eachisadifferentrestaurantsixto10menuoptions,"said.offersmuchchoicetoserviceappealstoparentstheythinktheirchildrenlesslikelytotossoutrestaurantfoodthanpackedlunch,said.schoolsappreciatethatMoseshandlestheordering,payment,pickup,andfooddistributioninthecafeteria."Schoolsreallywanttobethebusinessofeducatingkids,"shesaid.don'tbeinthefoodandbeverage(餐)business."Thatdoesn'tmeanthatschoolsalwayslikeitwhenteens(orparents)takethemselvestoorderfoodthroughphoneapps.schoolshavebannedthatpractice,citingsafety

concernsaboutdeliverydriversshowingupschoolunannouncedandburdenoftrackingdownstudentstoalarmthemthattheirmealshavearrived."Thesetypesofdeliveriesposeanunnecessarysecurityriskforstudentsandstaff,"saidBernardWatson,directorofcommunityrelationsforCountyPublicSchoolsSuwanee,Ga."Inaddition,ouraward-winningschoolnutritionprogramprovidesstudentswithawidevarietytasty,nutritiouson-site,sothereisneedtoorderfromoutside."JacobLevin,arecentgraduateofBexleyHighSchoolinBexley,Ohio,reliedonasubtodeliverasandwichhimduringlunchtimemeetingsorotherthatconflictedwithhislunchperiod.wasaconvenientoption.mostcases,notabletoeatatschoolweren'tforthedeliveryoption,"he"Havingarestaurant-qualitysubalsowasenjoyablethancafeteria（）welearnaboutKiddosCatering?A.Itshouldbeorderedonline.B.Itisanon-profitfoodprogram.Itdeliverstoschoolstwiceaday.Itmainlyoffersfeatureddishesofarestaurant.（）paragraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theaimofandbusiness.B.Asuitableforschoolmeals.Advantagesofdeliveringschoollunch.D.Analternativetheschoolcafeteria.（）isBernardWatson'sconcernfordeliveringfood?A.healthythatintheschoolcafeteria.B.Itcausesapotentialtostudents.Itattractsstudents'attentiontostudy.Itsarrivalisusuallypunctual.（）isJacobLevin'sattitudetheofschoollunch?A.Neutral.B.Careless.C.Supportive.Unfavorable.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇議論文。孩子們的午餐有了新的選擇，這要歸功于越來越多迎合學(xué)生口味的外賣服務(wù)。但是該怎樣權(quán)衡這一現(xiàn)象的利弊呢？（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第一段中"Parentsselectthelunchesfromanonlineorderformthattheday'sfeaturedrestaurantitsmenuchoices"可KiddosCatering提的午餐需要在網(wǎng)上預(yù)訂。故選。（）查段落意。根據(jù)第二段中“Theserviceappealstoparentsbecausetheythinktheirchildrenarelesslikelytossoutrestaurantfoodthanalunch,said.Theschoolsappreciatethathandlesordering,payment,pickup,fooddistributionthecafeteria.可本段從父母以及學(xué)校兩個角度介紹了遞送的學(xué)校午餐的好處。故選。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第四段中"typesofdeliveriesunnecessarysecurityriskforstudentsandstaff"可知，Watson擔(dān)憂的是，食物的遞送可能會給學(xué)生帶來

潛在的危險。故選。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)最后一段中"Itwasconvenientoption.Inmostcases,Iwouldnotbeenabletoeatatschoolitweren'tforthedeliveryoption,"可推斷出，JacobLevin對此的態(tài)度是支持的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解Duringyouryearsthecollege,you'llhaveexcitingchoicesmake,theofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionyourfirstsemester.thischoiceisthatcan'twrong!NomatterwhichoneofFirst-YearOptionsyouselectapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.OptionLiberalArtsTheLiberalArtsSeminarmultidisciplinary(多科的coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryofthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.Fallschedule:Registrationopens,youwillselectbetweenfouradditionalcoursestoyourschedule.OptionFLLScholarsTheFLLScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,anddesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.Fallschedule:Registrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestoyourschedule.OptionIgnatiusSeminarsOfferedonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofdynamicintellectualcommunity.Fallschedule:Registrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.OptionTraditionalFirst-YearAcademicWiththisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.Fallschedule:Registrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.（）studentslearnculturalhistorytheMediterranean?A.Bycompletingschedule.writingfictionalbooks.selectinglor4courses.readingmaterialsofarea.（）programsuitableforstudentinterestedinlanguages?A.Option1.B.OptionC.Option3.D.Option4.（）possiblereasonforchoosingOption4?A.Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.

Itintroducesareasofinterest.Itisonlyofferedthefirstsemester.【答案】（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是是一篇說明文，在大學(xué)的四年里，你會有很多令人興奮的選擇，第一個是你第一學(xué)期的課程選擇。這個選擇的美妙之處在于你不會出錯！無論你選擇申請哪一個，你都將為你的大學(xué)生涯創(chuàng)造一個豐富的智力體驗。作者介紹了大學(xué)生對課程的四種選擇。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar分中“LiberalArtsisamultidisciplinary（學(xué)科的coursethatexplorestheculturalhistorytheMediterraneanthroughfictionalnonfictionalbooks.”人文學(xué)科研討會是一門多學(xué)科課程，通過虛構(gòu)和非虛構(gòu)的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史，可知，學(xué)生通過虛構(gòu)和非虛構(gòu)的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史。由此可知，學(xué)生是通過閱讀該地區(qū)的資料來學(xué)習(xí)地中海的文化歷史的。故選。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中“FLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentslanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,anddesignedtocreateforbothsenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的計衷是為我們最具雄心的語言和語言學(xué)學(xué)生服務(wù)，旨在為他們創(chuàng)造一種社區(qū)感和智力成長的機會，可知，Option2的計初衷是為我們最具雄心的語言和語言學(xué)學(xué)生服務(wù)?？芍?，對語言感興趣的學(xué)生可以選擇Option2:FLLScholars。故選B。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearProgram部中的Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintocollege'srichandvariedcoursesexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.了這個項目，你將邁出你的第一步，進入大學(xué)豐富多樣的核心課程，在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領(lǐng)域?？芍?，4在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領(lǐng)域?？赏浦?能你領(lǐng)進你感興趣的領(lǐng)域，這應(yīng)該是學(xué)生選擇4的原因。故選?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解Dearyoungpoets,TIMEForKidschallengeforyou:poementerthePoetryContest.Itmustbethatdoesanotherpoet'sworks.Howenter:contestbegin12April14,will12onJune14,2019.Toenteronline,visit/2019poetrycontestandfollowinstructionssubmitthefollowing:(a)anoriginalandpreviouslyunpublishedpoem;theentrant'sonlyande-mailaddress;(c)aparent'se-mailaddress.Limitoneentryperpersonore-mailaccount.Judging:AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:creativityandoriginality(50%),oflanguageandrhyme(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).Winnerswillbenotifiedbye-mailduringthemonthofJulyandmustrespondwithinfivedays.

Eligibility(賽資格：tolegalcitizensoftheUnitedStatesareprimaryschoolstudentsandare813yearsoldtimeofentry.Prizes:judgewillselectfoursemifinalists,fromwhomgrand-prizewinnerandthreefinalistschosen.Thegrand-prizewinnerreceiveanonlinevisitNesbitt.thesemifinalistsreceiveasignedof,whichabout$275.semifinalists'poemswillbepublished（）thePoetryContestlast?A.month.B.Twomonths.C.months.D.Fourmonths.（）thePoetryContestvaluemost?A.Whethertheisnovel.B.Whetherthepoemishumorous.C.WhethertheiswritteninrhymeD.Whetherpoemissuitableforcontest（）thefinalistsget?A.A$275bonus.B.AnonlineclassC.Thepositionofassistanteditor.D.AsignedofBigfootIsMissing.【答案】（）（）（）【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)文，介紹了一項由TIMEForKids舉辦的詩歌比賽：如何參賽，如何評判，參賽者資格，如何評選獲獎等相關(guān)信息。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第二段中“contestbegin12April14,willend12pmonJune2019.本次比賽將于年4月14日午12點開始2019年月14日下午12點結(jié)束?？芍?，此次比賽歷時2個。故選。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第三段中“AllentriesbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:creativityandoriginality(50%),uselanguageand(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).所有參賽作品將由詩人Nesbitt根以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行評判:創(chuàng)造力和原創(chuàng)性，語言和韻律的使用和題的適當(dāng)性。知，創(chuàng)新性占據(jù)，可以推斷出此次比賽看重創(chuàng)新性。故選A。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)最后一段中“AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'willbepublishedat.有的半決賽選手都會收到一份簽名版的《大腳怪》，價值約275美。半決賽選手的詩作將在上發(fā)表。參加半決賽的選手包含決賽選手，故選?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀?？忌枰獪?zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Thenegative負(fù)的healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringweekcan'tbebymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoastudy.Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation(缺乏causeweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdaySundaywillrepaysleepdebteffects.Theresearch,publishedCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomsleepandnapduringrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehourssleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption代紊)thatwouldincreasetheirfordiabetesoverlongterm.weekendrecoverysleepsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedtotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday."Iftherebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidWright,whotheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.oflikeoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeaneffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaythatsmokingnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwhereusedbe."Wrightthatstudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingoutoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenpeopledon'tchoiceaboutlosingsleepduechild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,shouldthinkprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheythinkhealthydietorexercise.（）theresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?A.Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.B.Harmtohealthbythelackofroutinesleep.People'shabitshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightsleepamount.（）Wrightmentionedsmokingto_________.A.callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmokingB.advisepeoplesleepwhentheywantshowpeoplehaveknownharmbroughtbyshowpeoplewillsomedaynoticetheeffectsofsleepdeprivation（）theunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?A.Haveopinionofsomething.B.Increaseofsomething.C.Cutthatnecessaryanymore.D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.（）bethebestfortext?A.WeekendCatch-upSleepLieB.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth

C.AStudyUnexpectedDiscoveryD.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，作者通過一項研究與對比舉例的方法讓大家明白周末馬拉松式的“補”并能扭轉(zhuǎn)工作日睡眠不足對健康的負(fù)面影響。人們應(yīng)該把睡眠放在優(yōu)先地位。（）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation缺乏causeweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes究人員很早就知道長期的睡眠缺乏會導(dǎo)致體重增加和像糖尿病這樣的健康風(fēng)險，可知，人們很早就知道長期睡眠不足會給身體帶來的危害。故選。（）查理斷。根據(jù)第四段中KennethWright說最后兩句話可知：長期睡眠不足給健康造成的危害是長期的，就像曾經(jīng)的抽煙習(xí)慣一樣人們抽煙沒有看到立即的效應(yīng)，但是現(xiàn)在人們會說抽煙是不健康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽煙一樣。也就是說作者用這個比喻是想讓大家知道終究會有一天人們會注意到睡眠不足帶來的壞處。故選。（）查詞義猜測。劃線單詞后有一個破折后，起解釋說明的用。由破折后的句意：減少不必要的“睡小偷式為，比如看電視節(jié)目或者花時間在電子設(shè)備上?？芍覀冃枰阉叻旁趦?yōu)先的地位。也就是說要把睡眠看的比看電視節(jié)目、看電子設(shè)備等等這些行為更重要。故選。（）查主旨大意。第一段就說明了文章中心。第一段段意為一項發(fā)人深省的新研究表明，周末馬拉松式的“補覺”并能扭轉(zhuǎn)工作日睡眠不足對健康的負(fù)面影響。也就是說周末的補覺是一個謊言。故選。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解"Iftheymetheydidn'ttoaboutsaysaGermanmanagerfirminFrankfurt.hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchheswallowtwicebeforeaddingword"boss".Oldersometimesbeingyoungercolleague.Precocious(

老成的youngsters,too,canfeelaboutbossingtheireldersaround.shortageofskilledworkersthatsuchsituationsbecomingmorecommon.Thecountry'spopulationisprojectedtoAsmoreretire,feweryoungstersareenteringwork-placereplaceAsasharetheworkingpopulation15-to-24-year-oldshasfallenbypercentsincethe1980s,saysGermanFederalEmploymentApetinghireyoungtalenthavepromotethemearlierasaresult.A

byprofessorsattheuniversityofCambridgeandaGermanbusinessschool,tobepublishedtheJournalOrganizationalBehavior,suggeststhiscouldbeaproblem.Asinmanycountries,Germanwork-placesarelegallyobligedtooverlookagewhendecidingwhomtopromote.YetaccordingtoJochenMenges,oneoftheauthors,whenanordinaryworkerleap-frogsamoreexperiencedonecanleavethelatterwithfeelings"anger,fearanddisgust."Peopletojudgetheirownstandingthesuccessoftheirpeers,andtofailureinbeingbossedaboutsomeoneyounger.Therelationshipbetweenfeelingsofanxietyandtheageofthebossclear,accordingtoMenges.Amanageryoungerbyoneyearsomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsfarmorediscouraging.Germanfirmscertainlyshouldn'treturnainwhichageequalsrank.youngpeopletendtobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.Andoldershouldbeencouragedtoseebrightoflearningnewskills.Daimler,bigGermancarsaysitage-mixedteams,soknowledgebetransferredbetweengenerations.Italsosupportsyoungmanagersbyaskingretiredemployeestoprovidesupport.（）whatdoestheauthormentionayoungmanagerandhisexperienceinParagraphA.introducetopic.B.presentanToattractreaders'interest.Todescribehisidea.（）someprecociousyoungstersbossingtheireldersinA.Precociousyoungstersallskilledworkers.B.situationsareFeweryoungsterswouldliketohardwork.Companiescompetefiercelytohiretalent.（）whichofthefollowingsituationsmightanemployeeregardhimselfasafailureaccordingthepassage?A.hehasdecidewhomtopromote.B.leap-frogsexperiencedworker.heisbeingbossedaboutsomeoneyounger.heexperiencesfeelingsofanger,disgust.（）theunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mean?A.Ayoungerbossismorelikelytobenervousandanxious.B.Anabosstendssufferfromanxiety.Thereisaconnectionbetweenanxietytheagepromotion.Theofbossandanxietycloselyrelated.（）welearnfrompassage?A.Qualifiedshouldbepromotedboss.B.Oldershouldsupportyoungermanagers.Olderarenobetterthancolleagues.Youarenevertoolearn,ortooyoungmanage.【答案】（）（）

（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，由于德國年輕人數(shù)量下降，競相雇傭年輕人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年輕人來做管理人員，擁有一位年輕的老板對員工無形中也產(chǎn)生了焦慮感。就此應(yīng)該鼓勵老員工看到學(xué)習(xí)新技能的光明面，以及組建年齡混合的團隊。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)第一段中”Still,hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchheswallowtwicebeforeaddingword’boss‘.過他說，值得注意的是，當(dāng)一名比他大20歲員工感謝他買了午餐時，他不得不吞下兩口，然后才加上老一。提到的事例以及第二段中的”O(jiān)lderworkerssometimesenvybeingmanagedbyyoungercolleague.Precociousyoungsters,too,canfeelawkwardaboutbossingtheireldersaround.shortageofskilledworkersmeansthatsuchsituationsarebecomingevencommon.年長的員工有時會羨慕被年輕的同事管理。早熟的年輕人也會因為對長輩頤指氣使而感到尷尬。但在德國，熟練工人的短缺意味著這種情況變得更加普遍。對第一段的現(xiàn)象進行解釋說明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一個年輕的德國經(jīng)理和他的經(jīng)歷是為了引入主題。故選。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)第四段中”hasfallenbypercentsincethe1980s,saysGermanFederalEmploymentAgency.Firmscompetinghireyoungtalenthavetopromoteearlierasaresult.國邦職業(yè)介紹所表，自上世紀(jì)80年以來，15至24歲年輕人數(shù)量下降了10%。此，競相雇傭年輕人的公司不得不更早地提拔他們?？芍诘聡行┰缡斓哪贻p人對長輩頤指氣使，這是因為公司為雇傭年輕人才的激烈競爭，導(dǎo)致年輕人更早地被提拔為管理人員。故選D。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中”tendtojudgetheirownstandingbythesuccessofpeers,andseefailureinbeingaboutsomeoneyounger.“人傾向于根據(jù)同齡人的成功來判斷自己的地位，并認(rèn)為被年輕人左右是失敗的?？芍?dāng)員工被更年輕的人頤指氣使的時候，他會認(rèn)為自己是失敗的。故選。（）查詞義測。根據(jù)第四段中Amanageryoungerbyoneyearsomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsisfardiscouraging.“一個年輕一歲的經(jīng)理有點讓人不安20年的差距更讓人沮喪?？赏浦习迥挲g越年輕，員工的焦慮感越明顯，故可推知劃線句子意思是：擁有年輕老板的員工往往會感到焦慮。故選。（）查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Butyoungpeopletobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.oldershouldbeencouragedseethebrightsideoflearningDaimler,abigGermancarfirm,saysage-teams,sothatcanbetransferredbetweengenerations.alsosupportsyoungmanagersbyaskingretiredemployeesprovidesupport.“年輕人往往對向上管理很敏感。應(yīng)該鼓勵老員工看到學(xué)習(xí)新技能的光明面。德國大型汽車公司戴姆勒表示，他們提倡年齡混合的團隊，這樣知識就可以在幾代人之間傳遞。它還通過要求退休員工提供臨時支持來支持年輕的管理者。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容圍繞著德國管理者傾向年輕化的問題，主要是說明了人們應(yīng)當(dāng)活到老學(xué)到老，永遠(yuǎn)不會因為太年輕而無法管理。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象

類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．讀理解NASAhasnewjoblisting,andit'sUSspaceagencylookingfor"joker"theirplannedmissiontoMars.Amissiontoisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionawayAaroundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunications20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautshaveto20minutesareply,whenemergencyhappens."Whenlivingforalongperiodoftime,asonaproblemsoJeffreyatofFlorida,TheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithaof"Thesearehavethetopulltogether,"JohnsonInstressfulsituations,isawaytowearen'talone.Bytogethewestress.ThenwecanourjobsofjustThereareexamplesof"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytoSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultfullofdanger.LindstromaatAmundsen'steam,was"clown".Hepeoplethroughthewholejourney.AmundsenwrotethatLindstromwasthevaluabletheButifyou'rehopingTVcomedianMars,thatprobablywon'thappen."Beingwon'tbeenoughtosomebodythejob,"Johnson"Theyalsotobeanexcellentengineer."Besides,beintopphysicalcondition.（1）WhatisNASA'snewjobA.AAAD.popularcomedian.（2）What"aconfinedspace"ParagraphA.aB.anemptyC.spaceD.aspace.（3thehumorcanhelpastronauts?A.ItcanfeelingB.Itcanpromoteteamworkamission.C.Itcanhomesick.D.Itthemselves（4）What'sthepurposeofgivingtheexamplethecook?A.Tousexplorerseatontheirisimportant.B.Toprovethatanimportantrolethanaprofessional.C.Tothehumorouscancheerupindifficultsituations.D.TorevealthatamissiontoMarsisdifficultthanjourneytothe【答案】）A（2）D（3）B

（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，由美國宇航局尋找一位幽默的工程師來和宇航員一起執(zhí)行航天任務(wù)介紹了幽默對宇航員的重要作用。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,Johnsonsaid.‘Theyneedtobeexcellentengineer.，美國宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程師，故選。（）查詞義測。根據(jù)第三段中“suchasonamissionMars,”可知，與在地球上生活的寬廣空間不同，在火星任務(wù)中，你需要和其他人一起在狹小的航天器內(nèi)生活很長一段時間，由此可知畫線詞詞義為狹的空間、有限的空，故選。（）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,知幽默的人有能力把每個人都團結(jié)在一起，也就是說幽默能夠促進宇航員在任務(wù)中的團隊合作，故選。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)第五段中“stressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowaren'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.”可知，在壓力大的情況，幽默是一種減壓的方式，第六段第一句話又說有很多團隊小丑的例子，緊接著舉廚師的例子就是為了證明這一點，即：幽默的人能使人在困難的情況下振作起來，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解Mars(火星appearstobeflowingsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday.suggeststhatitpossiblefortheretolifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.Thestreamsareabout12to15feetand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"AifredMcEwentheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.BecauseliquidwateressentialtothefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianTheresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsonplanet.ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingforcreatingandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalishumansthereinthe2030s.Theevidenceofflowingconsistslargelyofdark,條痕)onsurfacethattendtoappearandduringwarmestMartianmonthsfadetheresttheMarsisextremelycoldinsummer,andstreaksplacesasas10degreesFahrenheit.saltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterice.

Thesourceofisamystery.Scientistsnotedcouldbemeltingcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,orsandthatholdwater.ItispossiblyvaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritbeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeMarstocollectandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offwilldo.（）Grunsfeld,thereseemstobeonA.saltywaterstandingC.rocketfuelD.beings（）ScientistsareuncertainaboutthethewaterMars.A.stateB.sourceC.temperatureD.taste（）matterstotheexistenceofliquidonMars?A.ThedistancefromB.ThefavorableclimateC.ThegravityofearthD.Thesaltin（）bethebestforthetext?A.StreamsSpottedMarsB.AstronautsLandonMarsC.NASA'sExplorationProgramD.ABreakthroughintheExplorationofMars【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了火星上有水的跡象，進而推斷火星上可能有生命，但是水的來源仍舊是一個迷。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第一段中“火)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,星好像有含鹽小溪在流動。可知，火星上好像有鹽水。故選A（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第七段中“sourceofamystery.水來源是個迷，可知，科學(xué)家還不確定水的來源。故選。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)第六“Marsisextremelyinsummer,andstreaksinplaceswhereaslowminus10degreesFahrenheit.saltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.即在夏天火星也極其寒冷，在溫度達到零下10華氏度的地方水紋還存在。但是鹽可以降低水的結(jié)冰點并融化冰?？芍锏柠}決定了火星上液體水的存在。故選。（）查主旨意。根據(jù)第一段中“火)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,星上好像有含鹽的小在流動。可知“在火星看到了溪水適做本文

佳標(biāo)題。故選A【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。9．（2019?浙江）閱讀理解withnostringsattached.It'snotyouseeday.atUnionStationLosAngeleslastmonth,boardwentwithdollarattachedtowithandasignread,"GiveCan,Need."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio（會經(jīng)濟的）backgroundsandtook,TylerBridgesofToolbox,createdproject."Weevenhadbrideherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillstheweresingles,afewpeoplelefttenstwenties.Thevideoclipfounda$20billpinningittheboard.

（片段shows"WhatIsayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywereofsmiles,"Bridgessaid."There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."peopletookdollarsonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmalltookasmuchastheycould.Whilethelooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidonlygoalwastoshowgenerositysympathy.addedthathepeopleothercitiestrysimilarprojectsposttheirownvideostheInternet."Afterall,hasdaysanddays,"hesaid."Somedayshelpinghandanddaysbeonegivinghelpinghand.（）theexpression"moneywithnostringsatt