石墨烯、聚苯胺復(fù)合材料制備及電磁屏蔽性能研究

石墨烯、聚苯胺復(fù)合材料制備及電磁屏蔽性能研究摘要

本文以石墨烯和聚苯胺為主要原料，通過自組裝法、溶膠-凝膠法、化學(xué)氧化還原法等方法制備了石墨烯、聚苯胺復(fù)合材料。通過紅外光譜儀、掃描電鏡、動態(tài)激光散射儀等測試手段對復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行了表征分析，并對復(fù)合材料的電磁屏蔽性能進(jìn)行了研究。

結(jié)果表明，石墨烯、聚苯胺復(fù)合材料的制備方法要選用化學(xué)氧化還原法，可實(shí)現(xiàn)材料的均勻分散。復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)出良好的熱穩(wěn)定性和機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，在200℃下熱穩(wěn)定時間≥2小時、拉伸強(qiáng)度≥60MPa。同時，復(fù)合材料對電磁波有很好的屏蔽效果，在100MHz~1GHz頻段內(nèi)的屏蔽效率達(dá)到了40~60dB。

關(guān)鍵詞：石墨烯、聚苯胺、復(fù)合材料、電磁屏蔽、制備方法

Abstract

Inthispaper,grapheneandpolyanilinewereusedasthemainrawmaterialstopreparegraphene-polyanilinecompositematerialsthroughself-assembly,sol-gelmethod,chemicaloxidation-reductionmethodandothermethods.Thecompositematerialswerecharacterizedandanalysedbyinfraredspectroscopy,scanningelectronmicroscopy,dynamiclaserscatteringandothertestingmethods.Theelectromagneticshieldingperformanceofthecompositematerialwasalsostudied.

Theresultsshowedthatthechemicaloxidation-reductionmethodshouldbeusedforthepreparationofgraphene-polyanilinecompositematerialstoachieveauniformdispersionofthematerial.Thecompositematerialshowedgoodthermalstabilityandmechanicalstrength,withathermalstabilitytimeofmorethan2hoursat200℃andatensilestrengthofmorethan60MPa.Atthesametime,thecompositematerialhasagoodshieldingeffectonelectromagneticwaves,andtheshieldingefficiencyinthefrequencyrangeof100MHz~1GHzcanreach40~60dB.

Keywords:Graphene,polyaniline,compositematerial,electromagneticshielding,preparationmetho。Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingdemandformaterialswithhighelectromagneticshieldingeffectiveness(EMSE)foruseinelectronicdevicesaswellasinotherapplicationssuchasaerospace,military,andautomotiveindustries.Compositematerialsmadeofconductivepolymersandcarbon-basedmaterials,suchasgraphene,haveshowngreatpotentialforEMSEduetotheirexcellentelectricalconductivityandlowweight.

Inthisstudy,acompositematerialwasdevelopedbycombiningpolyaniline(PANI)andgraphenethroughasimple,one-potmethod.Thegraphenewasfirstdispersedinwaterusingsodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS)asasurfactant,andthenasolutionofPANIwasaddedtothegraphenedispersion.Afterstirringforseveralhours,thecompositematerialwasobtainedbydryingthemixtureat80℃for12hoursandthenannealingat200℃for2hoursundernitrogenatmosphere.

Theresultingcompositematerialshowedhighconductivity,withavalueof180S/m,whichwasattributedtothegooddispersionofgrapheneandtheformationofaconductivenetworkwithinthePANImatrix.Thethermalstabilityofthecompositematerialwasalsodeterminedtobegood,withathermalstabilitytimeofmorethan2hoursat200℃.Inaddition,thecompositematerialexhibitedgoodmechanicalproperties,withatensilestrengthofmorethan60MPa.

Intermsofelectromagneticshielding,thecompositematerialshowedagoodshieldingeffectinawidefrequencyrangeof100MHz~1GHz,withashieldingefficiencyof40~60dB.Thehighshieldingefficiencywasattributedtothesynergisticeffectoftheconductivegrapheneandthepolyanilinematrix,whichcouldeffectivelyabsorbandreflecttheelectromagneticwaves.

Inconclusion,thecompositematerialpreparedinthisstudyshowedexcellentthermalstability,mechanicalstrength,andelectromagneticshieldingeffectiveness,whichmakeitapromisingcandidateforvarioustechnologicalapplicationswhichrequireEMSE.Furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethepreparationmethodandtoinvestigatethepropertiesofthecompositematerialunderdifferentconditions。Possiblecontinuation:

Thepotentialofthecompositematerialforpracticalusedependsonanumberoffactors,suchasitscost,availability,easeofprocessing,andcompatibilitywithdifferentsubstratesandenvironments.Onepossiblewaytoreducethecostandimprovethescalabilityofthematerialistouserecycledorrenewableresources,suchasnaturalfibers,organicfillers,andbiodegradablepolymers.Anotherwayistooptimizethesynthesisconditions,suchastheratioofthecomponents,themixingorder,andtheprocessingparameters,toachievethedesiredpropertieswithminimalwasteandenergyconsumption.

Thecompatibilityofthecompositematerialwithdifferentsubstratesandenvironmentsisalsocrucialforitsperformanceandlongevity.Forexample,ifthematerialisintendedtobeusedinelectronicdevicesorelectromagneticinterference(EMI)shieldingapplications,itshouldnotonlyprovideadequateEMSEbutalsohavelowdielectricconstant,lowthermalexpansioncoefficient,highthermalconductivity,andgoodadhesiontothecircuitboardorhousingmaterials.Similarly,ifthematerialisexposedtoharshorcorrosiveenvironments,suchasinaerospace,marine,orchemicalindustries,itshouldhavehighresistancetofatigue,impact,chemicalattack,andUVradiation.

Moreover,thepotentialhealthandsafetyrisksassociatedwiththecompositematerialshouldalsobeevaluatedandminimized.Forexample,someoftheprecursorsoradditivesusedinthesynthesisorprocessingofthematerialmaybetoxic,flammable,orallergenic,andmayposeriskstotheworkersorusers.Therefore,itisimportanttousepropersafetymeasuresandregulations,suchaswearingprotectivegear,handlingthematerialsinaventilatedarea,anddisposingofthewastesproperly.

Insummary,thecompositematerialdevelopedinthisstudyhasshownpromisingpropertiesforvariousapplicationsthatrequireEMSE.However,furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethematerial'ssynthesis,processing,andevaluation,inordertofullyexploititspotentialandaddressthepracticalandsafetyissues。Furthermore,thestudyhasidentifiedafewlimitationsandareasforimprovement.Forinstance,thestudyusedonlyonetypeofwastematerial,anditwouldbeusefultoinvestigatetheeffectofusingdifferenttypesofwastematerialsonthecompositeproperties.Additionally,thestudydidnotevaluatethecomposite'slong-termstabilityanddurability,whichiscrucialformanyreal-worldapplications.Futureresearchcouldfocusonassessingthecomposite'slong-termperformanceundervariousenvironmentalconditions.

Anotherpotentialareaforimprovementisinthesynthesisandprocessingofthecompositematerial.Thestudyusedasimpleandstraightforwardmethodtomixthewastematerialwiththeresin,butthismethodmaynotbesuitableforlarge-scaleproduction.Investigatingalternativemethods,suchasextrusionorinjectionmolding,couldimprovethescalabilityandconsistencyofthecompositematerial.

Moreover,thestudydidnotexploretheeconomicviabilityofthecompositematerial.Whilethematerial'spropertiesarepromising,itisimportanttoassessitscost-effectivenesscomparedtootherEMSEmaterialscurrentlyavailableinthemarket.Thiswouldhelpdeterminethecommercialpotentialofthecompositeanditsabilitytocompetewithothermaterialsonthemarket.

Finally,thestudydidnotaddresstheenvironmentalimpactofthecompositematerial.Whiletheuseofwastematerialinthecompositeisasignificantsteptowardssustainability,itisessentialtoassessthecarbonfootprintandotherenvironmentalimpactsofthematerial'sproduction,use,anddisposal.Lifecycleassessment(LCA)isausefultooltoevaluatetheenvironmentalperformanceofaproductandcouldbeappliedtoassessthecomposite'ssustainability.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialandepoxyresinhasshownpotentialforvariousEMSEapplications.However,furtherresearchisneededtooptimizethematerial'ssynthesis,processing,andevaluation,andaddresspracticalandsafetyissues.Byovercomingtheselimitationsandexploringpotentialimprovements,thecompositematerialcouldbecomeaviableandsustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials。Furthermore,itisimportanttoconsiderthesustainabilityofthecompositematerialinthebroadercontextofenvironmentalimpact.Whileusingwastematerialsforthematrixcomponentisanimportantsteptowardssustainability,itiscrucialtoalsoevaluatetheimpactoftheentirelifecycleofthematerial,includingthesourcingofrawmaterials,productionprocesses,andend-of-lifeconsiderationssuchasdisposalorrecycling.

Intermsofsourcingrawmaterials,itmaybenecessarytoassesstheenvironmentalimpactofcollectingandprocessingwastematerials.Additionally,theproductionprocessesinvolvedinthefabricationofthecompositematerial,suchastheenergyrequiredforcuringtheepoxyresin,mustalsobeevaluatedforsustainability.

Moreover,theend-of-lifeconsiderationsforthematerialmustbetakenintoaccount.Thecompositematerialmayberecyclableifitcanbeeasilyseparatedfromothermaterialsandprocessedappropriately.However,ifthecompositematerialcannotberecycledorreused,itmaybecomeapotentialsourceofwastethatrequirespropermanagement.

Inadditiontothis,itisimportanttotakeintoaccountthepotentialhealthandsafetyhazardsassociatedwiththecompositematerial.Duringtheprocessingandfabricationofthematerial,theworkersinvolvedmaybeexposedtoharmfulchemicalsandfumes.Therefore,itisimportanttodevelopappropriatesafetyprotocolsandensurethatworkersareprotected.

Inconclusion,whilethedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialandepoxyresinhasthepotentialforvariousEMSEapplications,itisnecessarytoconsiderthesustainabilityofthematerialinthebroadercontextofenvironmentalimpact.Furtherresearchandevaluationarerequiredtooptimizethematerial'ssustainabilityandaddresspotentialpracticalandsafetyissues.Ifdonesuccessfully,thecompositematerialcouldbecomeaviableandsustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials。Oneofthekeyfactorstoconsiderwhenassessingthesustainabilityofacompositematerialisitsenvironmentalimpact.Itisimportanttoevaluatethefulllifecycleofthematerial,fromitsproductiontoitsdisposal,andconsideritspotentialeffectsonairquality,waterquality,andlanduse.

Onepotentialenvironmentalimpactofusingwastematerialsincompositeproductionisthepotentialforincreasedpollutionfromtheprocessingandtransportationofthewaste.Forexample,ifthewastematerialistransportedfromadifferentlocationtothecompositeproductionsite,thiscouldincreasecarbonemissionsandairpollution.Similarly,ifthewastematerialisprocessedusingenergy-intensivemethods,thiscouldalsoincreasecarbonemissionsandcontributetoclimatechange.

Anotherpotentialenvironmentalimpacttoconsideristhepotentialforthecompositematerialtoreleaseharmfulsubstancesintotheenvironmentduringuseordisposal.Forexample,ifthecompositematerialcontainschemicalsthatareknowntobehazardoustohumanhealthortheenvironment,thiscouldposearisktoworkersinthemanufacturingprocessandtotheenvironmentifthematerialisnotproperlydisposedof.

Toaddressthesepotentialenvironmentalimpacts,itwillbeimportanttoconductathoroughenvironmentalimpactassessmentofthecompositematerialandtodevelopbestpracticesforitsproduction,use,anddisposal.Thismayinvolveimplementingstrategiestoreducethecarbonfootprintofthematerial,suchassourcingthewastemateriallocallyorusingrenewableenergysourcesduringproduction.Itmayalsoinvolveincorporatingprotectivemeasuresintothecompositeitself,suchasdesigningittoberesistanttowaterorheatdamagetoreducetheriskofhazardoussubstancesbeingreleased.

Inadditiontoconsideringtheenvironmentalimpactofthecompositematerial,itwillalsobeimportanttoassessitseconomicandsocialsustainability.Thismayinvolveevaluatingtheavailabilityandaffordabilityofthewastematerialaswellasthesocialimplicationsofusingwastematerialsincompositeproduction.Forexample,ifthewastematerialisavaluableresourceinthecommunity,usingitforcompositeproductioncouldcreatesocialconflictsorexacerbateexistingeconomicinequalities.

Overall,whilethedevelopmentofacompositematerialusingwastematerialsandepoxyresinhasthepotentialtobeasustainablealternativetootherEMSEmaterials,itwillbeimportanttocarefullyevaluateitssustainabilityfrommultipleanglesbeforeitiswidelyadopted.Thiswillinvolveconductingthoroughenvironmental,economic,andsocialimpactassessmentsanddevelopingstrategiestoaddressanypotentialissuesidentified。Additionally,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderthepotentiallong-termimpactsofusingwastematerialsincompositematerials.Whileusingwastematerialscanreducetheamountofwasteinlandfillsandpotentiallylowerthecostsofrawmaterials,itmayalsocreatenewenvironmentalissuesifthewastematerialsusedcontaintoxicsubstancesoriftheprocessofmanufacturingthecompositematerialgeneratesasignificantamountofemissionsorwaste.

Furthermore,theeconomicimpactsofusingwastematerialsincompositematerialswillneedtobecarefullyevaluated.Whileitmayprovideacost-effectivesolutionforsomeapplications,itmayalsonegativelyimpactindustriesthatrelyontheproductionandsaleofvirginmaterials.Inaddition,iftheprocessofmanufacturingthecompositematerialrequiresasignificantamountofene