蘭壽(Ranchu)金魚疾病的預防和對策

可編輯可編輯精品精品蘭壽(Ranchu)金魚疾病的預防和對策Disease Prevention and Countermeasures of Goldfish重在預防PreventionisKeyEveryonewhowanttofeedRanchuwillbebotheredbysicknessofthefish.Thelaterdiscoveryofillness,thelowerrateforfishtosurvive.mattermostistokeepfishhealthy,needlesstosayearlydetectionandtreatment.Here,the fiveprinciplesarelistedinordertoclarifythemethodofprevention.原則1飼養(yǎng)水的維持、管理不能懈怠Principle1Maintainingandmanagingthefeedingwatershouldnotbeenletup原因，除了從外部引入的特定病原體之外，就只有飼養(yǎng)水的管理不足了。FeedingtroughistheuniqelivingenvironmentforRanchu.TheconditionoffeedingwateriscloselyrelatedwithRanchu’shealth.Theonlycauseleadtofishdiseaseisthelackofmanagement,exceptofaspecificpathogenfromtheoutside.原則2多加注意防止引入疾病Principle2Paymoreattention,oryouwillleadindisease不論如何努力管理水質(zhì)，如果帶入了疾病就前功盡棄了。從外部引入疾病的途徑有放入要作藥浴，還要分開飼養(yǎng)一個季度。Ifinfectdisease,nomatterhoweffortswehaveputtomanagewaterquality,alltheworkwe'vedonewillbewasted.Theapproachsinfectingdiseasesfromoutsideareasfollows:putaforeignRanchuintothewater,polycultureoffishandsoon.eventheusingnetandcontainerthismomentisalsooneofthereasons.Notonlytomakemedicinebath,butalsokeepingaseparatequarterwhenleadingtheforeignfish.原則3進行預防藥浴Principle3Preventivemedicinebath還可以通過藥浴進行有效預防。Indifferentseasons,thediseasesthefishsusceptedarealsodifferent.Ifyouknowtheearlysymptomsofthedisease,notonlyearlytreatmentcanbeachieved,butalsocanbeeffectiveinpreventingdrugbath.原則4避免喂食過多餌料Principle4 Avoidoffeedingtoomuchbait持水質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定。Toomuchfeedwouldnotonlyincreasetheburdenofinternalorgans,waterqualitywillleadtocorruption.Allowfishtoeateighttokeepwaterqualitystable.5經(jīng)常留意健康情況Principle5Payattentiontohealthfrequently鰓部的運動等了解魚的健康狀態(tài)并迅速采取對策，防止魚得病。請牢記以上疾病預防的五大原則！Knowledgeiscertainlyimportant,butalsowillliveforeverydaybyusual observation. Through the surface, swimming stroke, gillmovement,etc.tofindoutthehealthoffish,andtakeprompttopreventthefishgettingsick.Keepinmindofthefiveprinciplesofdiseasepreventionabove!季節(jié)的變化與疾病Seasonchanges&Disease春季的疾病A、thespringdisease到了春天蘭壽從冬眠中醒來由于冬眠中沒能進食，免疫力較為低下。這個時期需注意的是由于餌料投放過多導致的腸炎以及由于水質(zhì)腐敗導致的細菌和原蟲的滋生。15℃以下的冷天停止投餌，天氣暖和時也需注意不要有剩餌。這一時期需要注意的有 白點病(Ich、爛尾(tail-rotdisease)、水霉(Saprolegniasis)等，如果在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)是比較容易治愈的。Inspring,Ranchuhavealowerimmunitywhentheywakeupfromhibernationwithouteatingsomething.Notethatthisperiodshouldnoteenteritiscausedbyputtingtoomuchbaitandbreedingofbacteriaandprotozoabecauseofcorruptionofwaterquality.Stopfeedingwhentheweatherdownsbelow15℃,andmakesuretherehavenoleftoverbaitwhentheweatheriswarm.Duringthisperiod,itshouldbenotedthatthereareIch,tail-rotdisease,Saprolegniasisandsoon,itisrelativelyeasytocureifhaveaearlydetection.夏季的疾病B、thesummerdisease由于水溫上升，蘭壽的體力和活動性都上升，免疫力也隨之增高，但這是建立在飼養(yǎng)水的狀態(tài)保持良好的基礎之上的。水溫上升致使水的腐敗加快，需要通過換水保持水質(zhì)。如果在這方面疏忽大意，能引發(fā)腮病的纖毛蟲(ciliophora)、鞭毛蟲（lagellate）(tail-rotdisease白云病(Costiasis)也需要引起注意。Asthewatertemperatureincreases,Ranchu’sstrengthandactivityareincreased,aswellasitsimmunity,butthisisbasedonkeepingagoodstateofwater.Itneedtomaintainwaterqualitybychangingthewaterwhenrisingwatertemperatureacceleratthecorruption.Ifthisisinadvertent,ciliophoraandlagellatethatleadtogilldiseasewillbreedinginalargenumber.Inaddition,tail-rotdiseaseandCostiasisalsoneedattention.Donothaveleftoverbait,andtakepreventivemedicinebathbasedonneed.Observedcarefullyeveryday,andtakepromptmeasureswhensomethingiswrong.秋季的疾病C、theautumndisease初秋天氣涼爽，是最舒適的時期，但如果疏于管理飼養(yǎng)水，魚就可能感染由纖毛蟲和鞭毛蟲（lagellate）(Ich）的發(fā)生。Coolweatherinearlyautumnismostcomfortablely,butifnotwellmanagedthebreedingwater,thefishmaybeinfecteddiseasescausedbyciliophoraandlagellateandotherprotozoa.Especiallyintheautumnperiod,lowwatertemperaturemayleadfishtodie,thatshouldmanagethebreedingwaterstrictly.Duringthisperiod,coolingwatertemperatureinautumnwillleadtoasharpdecline,itisalsoimportanttopreventthehappeningofIch.冬季的疾病D、thewinterdisease(Costiasis)和白點病(Ich）等。這些疾病也可以通過嚴格管理飼養(yǎng)水、進行預防藥浴來防治。水池清掃、水質(zhì)Inwinter,thefishactivitygoesdownthatleadingtolowimmunity.BecarefuleofCostiasisandIchandsoon.Thesediseasescanalsobepreventedthroughstrictlymanagingaboutbreedingwaterandtakingpreventivemedicinebath.Bycleaningthepool,controllingthewaterqualityandsoon,notonlycanpreventthediseaseinwinter,what’smoreimportantroleistopreventthediseaseinthespring.Fish,nomatterhowinactiveinthepoolwillbedepositeddirt,sowhentheweatheriswarm,drainingthebottomwaterandcleaningoutsedimentwhichworkasahotbedofbacteria.其他E、Others部引入疾病。Afterattendingseminarsandtasting,youshouldtakepreventivemedicinebathsforfishtohaveagoodrest,andbecarefulnottointroducethediseasefromtheoutside.⊙并將之運用在飼育管理上BeforeintroducingthevariousdiseasesofRanchu,weshouldlookattheotherreasonscausedRanchutodieexceptillnessatfirst.Pleasecarefullyreadbelowanduseitinthemanagementofrearing.死亡形態(tài)

死因 原因死死礙

水中溶解氧濃度不足，呼吸器（鰓）不完整亞硝酸（HONO）、銅離子（Cuion）過多，產(chǎn)生硫化氫中毒損傷

飼養(yǎng)密度過高，高水溫，空氣不足，投餌過多導致水質(zhì)急劇惡化、驟變生有毒氣體（換水不及時），白粉加重被捕食 鳥類（鷺鷥、烏鴉、伯勞），哺乳類（貓、防護網(wǎng)、防護柵等不完整，忘了蓋上蓋黃鼠狼、浣熊、老鼠等），蛇，水棲昆蟲 等疏忽死死

外部的物理刺激 水溫劇變，操作上的不注意體力消耗，衰老 產(chǎn)卵事故，運輸過程中不注意，壽命藥物致死惡性遺傳病凍死DeathDeathDeathDeathreasonforms

藥物劑量稱量錯誤導致神經(jīng)、器官的損傷、癱瘓遺傳性畸形和殘疾，極度虛弱體質(zhì)結(jié)冰，氣溫急劇下降飼養(yǎng)容器、器具的破損，操作不當

估計劑量錯誤（未經(jīng)充分確認），治療藥的錯誤使用，混入農(nóng)藥致畸因子的發(fā)現(xiàn)，孵化環(huán)境不合適（水溫過高或過低）防凍措施不力，異常寒流，水深不足，青水調(diào)整不佳飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境檢查不足，換水時的吸入事故，跳出容器Died of Lack of dissolved oxygen high Feeding density, highsuffocation

concentrationinwater,temperature,insufficientbreathingapparatus(gills)feedingtoomuchleadingtoisnotcomplete sharpdeteriorationinquality,suddenchangePoisoning

HONO,Cuiontoomuch,Feedingtoomuchbaitledtoproducinghydrogensulfidecorruptionthesedimentinthe(H2S)gas,bleachingtankproducetoxicgasespowderpoisoning

exchangeisnottimely),forgetneutralize bieachingpowdernutritionaldisturbanceBePreyed

LackofVitaminsandNutritionalimbalance,feedingminerals,sickofliver,toomuchleadtochronickidneyandothervisceralvisceraloverburdenBirds(egrets,crow,shrike),Protectivenet,protectivegrid,mammals(cats,weasels,whichdonotcomplete,forgotraccoons,mice,etc.),tocoverthelidandothersnakes,aquaticinsects, negligenceDied of External physical Drastic changes in waterimpacting

stimulation

temperature,notpayattentiontooperatingDebilitating

Physicalexertion,aging Spawningcarefully

accidents, duringdeathdrugfatality

transportation,lifeWeighingerrorsindosage Estimateddoseerrorledtodamage,paralysisin thefullrecognition),misuseofnerveandorgan drug,mixedwithpesticidesMaligna Genetic deformities and Teratogenicntgenetic

disabilities,physicalweakness

extreme factorsenvironment

,inappropriate(waterdiseases

temperatureistoohighortoolow)diecold

of Ice, the temperature inadequate droppedsharply measures,unusualcold,lowerwaterdepth,pooradjustmentofgreenwaterDied of Damage

of Feeding inadequate

inspection ofdisaster

containers,

apparatus, rearing

environment,

thes and improperoperation

inhalation

accident

whenaccidents

changing water, out of container3）鹽水浴3)salinebath疾病。SalinebathisaeffectivemethodtoregulateRanchu’shealthystatus,intheearlystages,evenwithoutusingdrugscancurediseases.A.鹽分salinity含有的礦物質(zhì)來調(diào)節(jié)體液的平衡，促進身體的恢復。因此，使用富含礦物質(zhì)的天然鹽Saltisthemaincomponentofseawhichisthemotherbredalllifeonearth.Thatisnotexaggeratetosaywhetherwater,thatis,fluidcanbewelladjustedplaysadecisiveroleonhealth.Keepbalanceofbodyfluidswithmineralwithinsaltsbyinjectingphysiologicalsalinetopromotephysicalrecoverywhenyoufeltsick.Therefore,usingnaturalsaltsrichinminerals,canachievegoodresults.鹽水有效的原因B.thereasonsmakebrineeffective0.5-0.8%。通常情況下，比體液濃度低的水通過HealthyRanchuisabletomaintainanormalbodyfluidbalance,gillsandkidneyscanassumeitsfunction,becausethesetwoorganscanregulatebodyfluidosmoticpressure.Osmotic pressure means theeffect that when there existconcentration difference between the two systems when theconcentrationofthetwotendstomakeitequaltoinordertomaintainbalancedrole.C.鹽水的濃度C.Theconcentrationofbrine低濃度鹽浴法MethodofLowconcentratedsalt-bath0.3-0.5（鹽水浴會腎小球（glomerulu）的濾過負擔，對繁殖可能會造成影響，因此產(chǎn)卵時，溫度在2℃以下時濃度保持在0.3%，25℃以上時使用0.5%的鹽水，并進行日常的飼養(yǎng)管理，以達到治療的目的。高濃度?。ǘ虝r間浴）Highconcentratedbath(short-termbath)須馬上除去病原體。藥浴時間要短，最長不能超過30分鐘。藥浴時需在旁邊注意觀察，若感到魚的體力到達極限了就要立即撈出轉(zhuǎn)移到0.3-0.5%的鹽水中。超高濃度?。O短時間的殺菌）Super-Highconcentratedbath(averyshorttimepasteurization)560D.混合藥浴D.mixedmedicationalbath福爾馬林（formali35-40甲醛水溶液formaldehydesolutio）絕對不可一起使用。Itisveryeffectiveinearlytreatmentandyoushouldusedoseofdrugsasprescribed.Itshouldnotbeusedtogetherwithformalin(35-40%formaldehydesolution),forithashighlytoxicwhenmixed.鰓病GilldiseaseJustasitsnameindicates,thisisadiseasethatinvatesgills.DamageofgillisfatalforRanchu.ItcanbesaidthatkeepingRanchuisastrugglewithgilldisease.Whileallcalledgilldisease,butithasavarietyofreasons,intheearlystages,diseasecanbetreatedwithsaltwaterbath,butasthediseaseprogresses,treatmentmethodshavebeguntomakeadifference.Hereatfirstsortoutthecauseofgilldisease,andtoexplainrespectively.A.柱狀?。–olumnari（初期為爛尾病(tail-rotdisease)）Columnaris(calledtail-rotdiseaseatearlystage)發(fā)病的直接原因Thedirectcauseofmorbidity由柱狀屈撓桿菌（Flavobacterium感染導致發(fā)病。按其病灶部位不同，(tail-rotdiseas（Fin-roCaused byFlavobacteriumcolumnare,hasthename tail-rotdisease,Fin-rot,Rottenmouthdiseaseaccordingtotheirdifferentlesionsites.Butintheendareaffectedbythegill,therefore,allcalledgilldisease癥狀symptoms(Saprolegniasis)并發(fā)時，若不在早期進行治療便無法治愈。Finscutting-edgebecomingopaqueandthesurroundingtissuehyperemiaaretheinitialsymptoms.Asthediseaseprogresses,gonorrheaspreadstotherootsoffins,fintipcracking,andwhenillseriously,thefinsbecomeonlybones,andsoontransferintogillsandgodie.whenSaprolegniasisconcurrent,ifnottreatedatanearlystagecannotbecured.治療藥與治療方法drugsandmethodsfortreatment使用抗菌藥物進行藥浴能夠殺滅病菌。有效的市售藥品有Parazan使用抗菌藥物進行藥浴能夠殺滅病菌。有效的市售藥品有Parazan（（有效成分吲哚基磷酸Indole-basedphosphate、GreenFGol1（呋喃西林Nitrofurazon（Sulfamethoxazole-NHaitoropikaruT0018）（有效成分為依沙吖啶-利凡諾（Ethacridine-rivanol、磺胺間二甲氧嘧啶鈉sulfadimethoxinesodiu、碳酸氫鈉sodiumbicarbonat和氯化鈉）時先換水，再使用0.5%鹽水浴與上述藥物進行混合藥浴。如果同時伴有水霉病(Saprolegniasis)感染，要加投亞甲基藍（MethyleneBluetrihydrate期后治療會變得很困難，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要。Usingantimicrobialdrugsinmedicatedbathcankillbacteria.CommerciallyavailableandeffectivedrugsareParazanD(3)(theactiveingredientistheindole-basedphosphate),GreenFGold(1)(theactiveingredientistheNitrofurazone),sulfamethoxazole-Na),HaitoropikaruT0014 (8) (the active ingredient is the ethacridine - sulfadimethoxinesodium,sodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchlorideandsoon.Changethewaterbeforetreatment,thenuse0.5%salinebath with the above-mentioned drugs, mixing drugs bath. accompaniedbySaprolegniasis,shouldaidMethyleneBluetrihydrate.Thetreatmentofadvanceddiseasebecomesverydifficult,detectionisveryimportant.預防Prevention日常的飼養(yǎng)水管理，投餌保持八分飽，平時仔細觀察魚的情況，及時采取應對措施。Thedailyfeedingofwatermanagement,feedingtokeepeightfull,carefullyobservedthesituationoffish,andtakingresponsemeasuresattime.感染了柱狀病的金魚ThefishinfectedwithColumnaris斜管蟲?。–hilodonelliosis）B.Chilodonelliosis發(fā)病的直接原因Thedirectcauseofmorbidity由纖毛蟲(ciliophora)類的魚居斜管蟲（Chilodonellapiscicoola）寄生引起。春季前虛弱，較易得病。CausedbyciliophoraclassoffishlivingChilodonellapiscicoola.Itusuallyhappenedbeforespring,andwaterquality,environmentaldegradationisthemainreasonfortheoccurrenceofdisease.Ranchuisveryweakandmoresusceptibletodisease.whenjustreturnedfromhibernation.癥狀symptoms液開始異常分泌，病原體侵襲上皮細胞，不久魚就會因呼吸困難而死亡。Atinitialperiod,itlossofappetite,lossofsurfaceluster,becomingnoclearsense.Astimegoeson,gillsbegantoabnormalmucussecretion,epithelialcells,pathogens,andsoonthefishwilldieduetobreathingdifficulties.治療藥與治療方法drugsandmethodsfortreatment有效的市售藥品為GreenF（5（呋喃西林Nitrofurazon亞甲基藍（MethyleneBluetrihydrate和氯化鈉）1~1.5行混合藥浴，1天1次，每次15~90分鐘左右，持續(xù)2~3天，這會使早期治愈會變得比較容易。鹽水浴后，持續(xù)用GreenF（5）進行藥浴直到痊愈。此外，高錳酸鉀（mineralchameleon）也是治療該病的特效藥。雖然可以在藥房買到，但由于不是常備藥，需要先訂購（在中國很容易5g用50010L2.5毫升藥浴40分鐘。如果是斜管蟲病的話，溶液會由粉紅色變?yōu)槌壬hecommerciallyavailableandeffectivedrugsfaretheGreenF(5)(theactiveingredientistheNitrofurazone),MethyleneBluetrihydrateandsodiumchloride)andotherpigment-typesubstances.Toincorporateitintoa~1.5%ofthebrinemixedmedicatedbath,1dayatime,each15to90minutesfor2~3days,thiswouldbecomeeasiertocureearlystage.Afterthebrinebath,continuedtouseGreenF(5)toconductdrugbathuntilfullyrecovered.Inaddition,mineralchameleonisalsoacureforthetreatmentofthedisease.Althoughyoucanbuyinpharmacies,butnotastand-bydrugs,needtoorder(inChinaiseasy).Take5gdilutedwith500mlofpurewater,every10Laccessiontotheabovesolution,2.5mlwater,medicatedbathfor40minutes.IfitisChilodonelliosis,then,thesolutionfrompinktoorange.預防Prevention日常的飼養(yǎng)水管理，投餌保持八分飽，平時仔細觀察魚的情況。Thedailyfeedingofwatermanagement,feedingtokeepeightfull,carefullyobservedthesituationoffish.C.車輪蟲病（Trichodinosis）.C.Trichodinosis發(fā)病的直接原因Thedirectcauseofmorbidity由纖毛蟲(ciliophora)類的車輪蟲大量寄生引起。車輪蟲是一種圓形的纖毛蟲(ciliophora)，以吞食蘭壽體表的代謝物和細菌為生。少量寄生時不會有大的危害，但在飼Causedbyciliophoraclass,alargenumberofparasiticinsects.Trichodinaisakindofciliophora,livingbydevourmetabolitesandbacteriaofRanchusurface.Whenasmallamountofparasiticwillbenomajorharm,butinkeepingthewaterdeteriorationorwhenstockingdensityistoohigh,willbeasubstantialproliferationofthedisease.Ithavealargenumberofparasitesaroundthebodywouldstimulatetheaffectedpart,foranincreaseintheamountofmucussecretion.癥狀symptoms起。如果在鰓部大量寄生，魚會因呼吸困難而死亡。First,fins,bodysurface,gillandotherpartswillgored,andifobservethem,youcanbeabletofindatanearlystage.Asthediseaseprogresses,finsbecomseasytopeeloffscales,mucussecretionincreased,makingthefish'smuster.Ifalargenumberofparasitesinthegills,thefishwilldieduetobreathingdifficulties.治療藥及治療方法drugsandmethodsfortreatment發(fā)病初期，Green在一定程度上有效，劑量為每60升水中加入10g。該病在飼養(yǎng)水變質(zhì)時較易發(fā)生，因為沒有特別有效的藥物，所以比較棘手。除了Green5，在介紹斜管蟲病時提到的高錳酸鉀對初期的疾病也有一定效果同。Intheearlystages,GreenF(5)doeseffectivetosomeextent,doseforevery60litersofwateradd10g.Thediseasearemorepronedeterioration in the rearing water occurs ,because there is particularlyeffectivedrugs,it'stricky.InadditiontoGreenFechinococcosismentionedatthebeginningofthediseaseofpotassiumpermanganatehassomeeffect,andthedosageisalsothesameasChilodonelliosis預防Prevention飼養(yǎng)水的管理不可懈怠、飼養(yǎng)密度不可過高。Themanagementoffeedingwatercannotbeslack,keepingthedensityisnottoohigh.D.鰓碘泡蟲病（Myxoboliosis）D.Myxoboliosis發(fā)病的直接原因Thedirectcauseofmorbidity別有效的治療方法，只能依靠魚自身的免疫力。PathogenforthemucusisMyxobolussporesinsects,ofthetypesisthousandsormore,gillparasiteMyxoboluspartofitisthegills.Myxoboliosisisdividedintotwokinds,oneoccurredinearlywintertoearlysummerandanotherintheMay-Julyperiodofhightemperature.Theformerismainlyinfectedwithoneormoreofthefishage,deathismuchless;theotherisinfectedwithanagebelowwithgreatharm.Thediseaseisnotparticularlyeffectivemethodsoftreatmentrelyonthefish'sownimmunity.癥狀symptoms體表沒有可見病變。打開鰓蓋會發(fā)現(xiàn)類似白點病(Ich）的囊腫，非常容易辨別。其他的癥狀有：缺乏食欲，發(fā)呆，鰓的鼓動不自然、沒有規(guī)律等。不論出現(xiàn)何種癥狀，都要立即將病魚隔離，原水槽換水并仔細消毒，對病魚進行鹽水浴，寄希望于其自愈能力。Surfaceisnovisiblelesions.OpenthegillcoverwillfindsimilardiseaselikeIchofthecyst,itisveryeasilydistinguished.Othersymptomsinclude:lackofappetite,adaze,gillagitationisnotnatural,thereisnolawandsoon.Nomatterwhatkindofsymptoms,sickfishshouldbeimmediatelyisolated,theoriginalsinkandcarefullychangingthewater,andtakesalt-bathtothesickfish,hopesitsself-healingcapabilities.治療藥與治療方法drugsandmethodsfortreatment5月Isodine（碘伏）等對飼養(yǎng)容器和器具進行完全消毒。福爾馬林毒性較強，對人體有刺激作用且具揮發(fā)性，使用時要特別小心。Thereisnoeffectivetreatmentavailableinthemarketforsale.Thisdiseaselikerenalhypertrophy,relatedwithearthwormsinthemudpool,andthereforekeepingthewaterdepositionofthesludgedepositswastheculprit.Incoldweather,theageoftwoormorefishhaveastrongerimmunesystem;5monthslater,renalfunctionismoreactiveandcanbeexcretedpathogensandnaturalhealing,butstillimportanttoremovethepathogenicfactors.Itisneedtouseformalin,chlorine,Isodine,etc.forkeepingcontainersandutensilscompletelydisinfected.Formalinmaybetoxictohumanstimulus,beparticularlycarefulwhenusing.預防Prevention日常的飼養(yǎng)水管理，投餌保持八分飽，平時仔細觀察，及時采取正確的應對措施。Thedailyfeedingofwatermanagement,feedingtokeepeightfull,carefullyobservedthesituationoffish,andtakingresponsemeasuresattime.E指環(huán)蟲（Dactylogyru、三代蟲病E.Dactylogyrus,gyrodactylus發(fā)病的直接原因Thedirectcauseofmorbidity過渡的5~7病死率較高，治療晚了整缸魚有可能全部死亡，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)是關鍵。Itisafatalinfectionofthegillsofdiseasecausedbydactylogyrusandgyrodactylus.Inthetransitionfromspringtosummer,5to7months,thebait,feces,algaeandotheraccumulatedatthebottomthatleadingtodeteriorationofwaterquality,pathogensthrive.Diseasemortalityrateishigh,itbekillallthefishift