中考英語完型填空長難句解題-

中考英語完型填空長難句解題.單詞障礙型單詞障礙型是大多數(shù)同學基本上都會出現(xiàn)的問題，由于詞匯量不夠，導致一個句子中過半單詞都不認識，如何能夠讀懂句子？同時，除去一些難詞咱們可能不認識之外，還有可能存在這樣一種情況，即一詞多義不清楚。比如，咱們來看一句話：Canyoucanacanlikeacanercancanacan?這句話冷眼一看，soeasy啊！不就是can么？但是如果叫你來翻譯一下，你看一看能不能翻譯出來呢？是不是在皺著眉頭呢？同學們，這就是一詞多義最常見的體現(xiàn)，can這個單詞，除了我們熟悉的作為情態(tài)動詞表示“能，可能”之外，還有很多種意思。我們在這里積累一下：can可以作為名詞，表示“易拉罐，罐，聽”的意思；can可以作為動詞，同學們知道“名詞活用為動詞”這樣的用法，因此我們可以輕松推斷，can動詞表示〃裝罐”的意思;那么caner你是不是猜出來什么意思了呢？七「表示”……的人”，即“裝罐工人”之意?，F(xiàn)在單詞問題解決了，我們來看一看這句話怎么理解呢？“你能像一個裝罐工人一樣裝一個易拉罐嗎？"你翻譯對了沒？單詞積累，尤其對于一詞多義的單詞一定要重點記憶。每天身邊帶一個小本子，積累下你不會的單詞，堅持下來，就會成就你自己的詞匯城堡。.語法障礙型在長難句解讀的過程中，你也會遇到這樣一種情況:一句話所有的單詞我都認識，但就是翻譯不出來到底是啥意思。這樣的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因是語法障礙。語法不是語言學習的全部，但卻是語言學習的工具。單詞全會，句子仍然不會，原因就是句中包含了復雜的語法結(jié)構，比如說三大從句“賓語從句”“定語從句”“狀語從句”會貫穿在長難句中，無法分清什么句子類型，便不知道冒出來的一句一句話都是干什么的，那么理解這句話就會出現(xiàn)困難，因此，語法一定要學好，尤其是三大從句，是我們做閱讀完形理解文章的重要工具。比如，在這里我們一起來看一個句子：Ifindmythoughtsonhowmuchyouhavedoneforme，butIhaveneverstoppedandsaidtoyouhowmuchIfeeltheneedtothankyou.我相信大多數(shù)同學對于這句話中的單詞都沒有問題，隨便就揪出一個一定知道什么意思，然而在經(jīng)過加工進入不同從句中時，頓時腦子就蒙了。那么我們應該如何解決這樣的問題呢？讓我們一步一步走。拿到一個長難句，看到復雜的句子結(jié)構，我們要：找連詞，分句子，賓從順著翻，定從找先行，狀從最后看。我們一起來分析這句話：but告訴我們，前后兩句話是并列句，因此我們分開兩句話來看。but前半句中，howmuchyouhavedoneforme是在介詞on后的，我們都知道介詞后面的句子是賓語從句，知道這點就好辦了，直接按順序翻譯，因此前半句我們翻譯為：我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的一直在想的是你為我做了多少事情；but后半句中你又會發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話里還有個and，仍然找連詞，分句子，and前是一個簡單句直接翻譯即可，and后面包含一個什么從句呢？howmuchIfeeltheneedtothankyou.“我有多需要去感謝你”是不是作為said的內(nèi)容？那么我們可以斷定這句話是賓語從句，因此順翻but后半句：但是我從來都沒有停下來去告訴你我有多么的感謝你。是不是很簡單呢？.英語語言習慣不熟悉型任何一門語言代表的其實都是一種文化，因為文化的不同，我們很多語言習慣也是不同的。比如what’sgoingonthere?很多孩子第一次見到這種句子不知道是什么意思，goon是繼續(xù)的意思？這繼續(xù)什么了？你會發(fā)現(xiàn)無論怎么解釋都是不通的，為什么呢？這就是我們所說的習慣用法。Whatisgoingon表達的就是“發(fā)生了什么事情”這樣的意思，很簡單，但如果你不知道，一定會被難住。為了培語言習慣，我建議大家平時有時間多看一些美劇，歐美電影，跟重要的，保證每周至少翻譯一篇文章，在翻譯的過程中會強化詞匯在語境中的意義，鍛煉句子結(jié)構分析，更能夠讓大家習慣英文表達，使得今后在閱讀過程中速度提升的同時，更能精準的理解意思。.長難句分析方法對句子的理解一般包含兩個層次，第一個層次是對句子本身含義的理解，這需要讀者對句子的結(jié)構以及高考命題人組織長難句的方法有基本的把握和正確的認識；第二個層次是對句子弦外之音的感悟，理解句子對下文內(nèi)容和文章結(jié)構的指示作用。這兩個層次可以通過語法分析和語義提取得以實現(xiàn)。長難句的語法分析分析長難句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。再復雜的句子也是由一個個部分組成的，其中重要的是句子的主干，一般包括主語、謂語和賓語，因為它們是文章在傳遞信息時的主要載體，而其它成分，不論有多長多復雜，都不過是起輔助作用的成分罷了。語法分析可以按照下列步驟來操作：1、首先把長難句分解成若干個簡單句。2、找出連詞和關鍵詞，確定句與句之間的關系，分清主句和從句。3、分析主句與從句的成分，識別謂語動詞，判斷謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和語氣，接著看該句是否有倒裝、省略、插入成分、獨立成分、同位成分等。4、分析主句與從句、從句與從句之間的關系。同時，考慮上下文、文化背景，從總體上把握句子的字面含義以及字里行間的深層意思。長難句的語義提取一般來說，除了語言學家，人們對自己母語的語法知識可以說是知之甚少。然而當我們閱讀本族語的時候，也能夠很輕易的看懂一些從語法角度來說很復雜的句子，這顯然不是語法分析的結(jié)果。這是因為人們對自己的母語有著豐富的語言經(jīng)驗，接觸過不計其數(shù)的語言材料，對其中信息的提取已經(jīng)習慣成自然。同理，我們也可以通過豐富自己的英語語言經(jīng)驗來提高自己閱讀英語長難句的能力。有意識地、有針對性地進行長難句訓練，反復進行忽略語法的快速瀏覽，就能夠達到在閱讀時對原句各成分自動拆分組合，把零碎的信息點拼成有機的信息流的水平。實戰(zhàn)訓練方法1）從真題中選取有代表性的長難句，每篇文章找出2—3個。2）將這些長難句收集到一起，打印或者抄下下來。3）反復閱讀，最好能夠達到熟能成誦的境界，注意在此過程中不進行任何語法分析。在頭腦中把英語句子中各成分拆分，然后把這些概念組合成可以理解的漢語句子就可以了。4）將真題中的長難句都如此練習一番，長難句就基本攻破了，之后，我們將會進入到一個閱讀的新境界！課后練習AsIwalkedthroughBeijing'sHouhaineighborhood,somethinggreencaughtmyeye.Sprouts（豆芽）,mushrooms（蘑菇）andflowersallcameoutonpeople'sheads,.Iwassosurprisedatthecrazinessthatalotofpeoplehaveplantscomeoutontheirheads.Thetrend（潮流）wasagreatchanceforbusiness.Merchants（小販）stoodonstreetcomers'sellingallkindsofplastic（塑料的）mushroomsandsprouts.Threeyuanforonesprout,fiveforapair.Customersputwhattheyboughtontotheirheadsandwalkedoff,andthesproutsdancedhappilyonpeople'shead.ChinaDailyalsoreportedthatoneTaobaomerchantsold28,850hairpins（發(fā)夾）inamonth.Thestrangetrendhadbeenpopularfor2monthsinChina.Iwantedtofindoutwhatwasbehindthestrangehairpins.Iwenttothe798ArtDistricttodosomeresearch,Thereweretonsoftouristswithsproutsonheads,andashopkeepertoldmethatthefilmMonsterHuntwasthecauseofthepopularity.The2015Chinesemoviefeaturedacutelittlemonsterwithapatchofmoss（§?）onthetopofhishead.CNNreportedinadifferentway:TheideaofthehairpinscamefromaJapanesecartooncharacter.Onesmilingfacehasapairofgreenleavesgrowingonitshead,Thetrendwascatchinggreatattentionfromallovertheworld.MajornewspaperslikeTheWallStreetJournalandTheTelegraphshowedtheirconfusionoverthestrangetrendandtheysaidtheyreallycouldn'tunderstandwhyChinesepeopleweresocrazy.Somepeoplethinkperhapsthehairpinsareasymbolofthecuteandchildlike"meng"culture.Othersbelievetheyarethesymboloftheloveforcartoons.Whoknows?Infact,nobodycaresaboutit.Afterall,beautyismysterious（神秘的）.Whatisitonyourhead?Fromthepassage,weknowthestrangehairpinwasagreatchancefor.A.businessB.tourismC.environmentD.bigstoresTheunderlinedword"confusion"inParagraphFourmeans.A.憤怒8.遺憾C.驚訝D困惑Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.thestrangehairpinmayshowpeople'swishestoprotecttheenvironmentmerchantssoldallkindsofwoodensproutsandmushroomsalotofpeoplewanttoknowwhypeoplewearthehairpins.thestrangehairpinmaycomefromaKoreancartoonThebesttitleofthispassageis.AStrangeTrendinChinaChineseSpecialHairpinsChineseStrangeCultureMysteriousBeauty參考答案：1A2D3C4BAboyhadaplaceatthebestschoolintown.Inthemorning,Grandfathertookhisgrandsontotheschool.Whentheboyandhisgrandfatherwentintotheplayground-thechildrencameup.'"Whatafunnyoldman,'"oneboysaid,makingaface."Hey,fatty（胖子）,"'anotheroneshouted.Thechildrenjeeredatthetwoandjumpedupanddown.Withoutsayingaword,theoldmantookhisgrandsonoutofthatschoolgate."Wonderful,Idon'thavetogotoschool!''theboysaid."Youdo.butnotthisone,"hisgrandfatherreplied."I'llfindyouaschoolmyself.'"Grandfathertookhisgrandsonbacktohisownhouse,askedGrandmothertolookafterhim,andthenofftolookforaschoolhimself.Everytimehegottoaschool,theoldmanwentintoaplayground,andwaitedforthechildrentocomeoutatbreaktime.Insomeschoolsthechildrencompletelyignored（不理會）theoldman.andinothers,theymadefunofhim.Whenthishappened,hewouldturnsadlyandgohome.Finally,hewentintotheverysmallplaygroundofaverysmallschool,andstoodtiredlyagainstthewall.Thebellrang,andthechildrengotoutintotheplayground.“Sir,areyouallright?ShallIbringyousomethingtodrink?”avoicesaid.“We'vegotabenchintheplayground-comeandsitdown,"cameanothervoice.Soonayoungteachercameoutintotheplayground.Theoldmangreetedhimandsaid,“Finally,I'vefoundmygrandsonthebestschoolintown.”Theunderlinedphrase“jeeredat"probablymeans“”A.listenedtoB.laughedatC.cheeredupD.foughtagainstThegrandsonfeltwhenhisgrandfathertookhimoutoftheschoolgate.A.worriedB.happyC.boredD.proudWhentheoldstoodontheverysmallschoolplayground,thechildrenA.shoutedathimB.madefunofhimC.werepolitetohimD.ignoredhimWecanseetheoldmanjudges（判斷）aschoolbyits.A.studentsB.teachersC.buildingsD.playground參考答案：BBCAWhenmyson,Mark,wasinthethirdgrade,hesavedallhispocketmoneyforoverthreemonthstobuyholidaypresents.ThethirdSaturdayinDecemberMarksaidhehadmadehislistandhadtwentydollarsinhispocket.Idrovehimtoanearbysupermarket.MarkpickedupahandbasketandwentinwhileIwailedandwatchedinthecar.IttookMarkover45minutestochoosehispresents.Finallyhecametothecheckoutcounter（交款處）andreachedintohispocketforhismoney.Itwasnotthere!Therewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.Markstoodthereholdinghisbasket,tearsfallingdownhisface.Thenasurprisingthinghappened.AwomancameuptoMarkandtookhiminherarms."Youwouldhelpmealotifyouletmepayforyou,"saidthewoman,"Itwouldbethemostwonderfulgiftyoucouldgiveme.Ionlyaskthatonedayyouwillpassiton.Whenyougrowup,Iwouldlikeyoutofindsomeoneyoucanhelp.Whenyouhelpothers,IknowyouwillfeelasgoodaboutitasIdono."Marktookthemoney,driedhistearsandranbacktothecheckoutcounterasfastashecould.ThatyearweallenjoyedourgiftsalmostasmuchasMm-kenjoyedgivingthemtous.Iwouldliketosay"thankyou"tothatverykindwoman,andtellherthatfouryearslater,Markwenthousetohousecollectingblanketsandclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthefire.AndIwanttopromiseherthatMarkwillneverforgettokeeppassingiton.Whendidthestoryprobablyhappen?A.BeforeChristmasDay.B.OnChristmasDay.C.OnNewYear’sDay.D.AfterNewYear’sDay.Whentheygottothesupermarket,Markwentin.A.withthewriterB.byhimselfC.withthewomanD.withhisfriendsWhathappenedtoMarkinthesupermarket?A.Hisgiftswerestolen.B.Hebrokehisbasket.C.Helosthismoney.D.Helosthisway.Whydidthewriterwanttosay"thankyou"tothewoman?BecausesheboughtMarkanicepresent.Becauseshealwayspaidmoneyforothers.C.Becauseshecollectedclothesforthehomeless.D.BecauseshetaughtMarktohelppeopleinneed.Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AbigsupermarketB.AkindwomanC.AhappyfamilyD.Awonderfulgift參考答案：ABCDBThatcoldJanuarynight,itseemedIwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.ThereIwas,walkinghomeatoneinthemorningafteratiringpracticeatthetheater.Withopeningnightonlyaweekaway,Iwasstilllearningmylines.Iwashavingtroubledealingwithmypart-timejobatthebankandmyactingatnightatthesametime.AsIwalked,IthoughtseriouslyaboutgivingupbothactingandSanFrancisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings,Ifeltverysmallandcold.Ibeganrunning,bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayanypossiblerobbers（搶劫犯）.Veryfewpeoplewerestilloutexceptafewsad-lookinghomelesspeopleunderblankets.Aboutablockfrommyapartment,Iheardasoundbehindme.Iturnedquickly,halfexpectingtoseesomeonewithaknifeoragun.Thestreetwasempty.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight.Still,thenoisehadmademenervous,soIstartedtorunfaster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingandunlockedthedoordidIrealizewhatthenoisehadbeen.Ithadbeenmywalletfallingtothesidewalk.SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldortiredanymore.IranoutofthedoorandbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkanxiouslyforfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobefound.JustasIwasabouttogiveupthesearch,Iheardthegarbagetruckpulluptothesidewalknexttome.Whenavoicecalledfromtheinside,“AlisaCamacho?”IthoughtIwasdreaming.Howcouldthismanknowmyname?Thedooropened,andoutjumpedasmallred-hairedmanwithanamusedlookinhiseyes.“Isthiswhatyou'relookingfor?”heasked,holdingupasmallsquareshape.Itwas