雅思閱讀判斷題型解題方法

千里之行，始于第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦雅思閱讀判斷題型解題方法雅思閱讀推斷題型解題方法

雅思閱讀板塊題型多樣，其中推斷題是必考題型，本文以劍橋雅思閱讀真題為例，和大家解析雅思閱讀中推斷題型的解題方法。

劍橋雅思閱讀真題解析推斷題型解題方法

一、推斷題題干有表示比較關(guān)系的詞，考生需留意題目重點(diǎn)考察比較關(guān)系。

常見的比較關(guān)系詞：

比較級(jí)：more/less/adj-erthan…

同級(jí)比較：as…as…/thesameas…/equal/like

試題中若消失以上比較關(guān)系詞，需標(biāo)記題中的比較對(duì)象(A、B)，并明確比較規(guī)律(如A比B更聰慧)，即可快速完成審題。如：

39.Itiseasiertofindmeaninginthefieldofsciencethaninthefieldofart.

–Test2,CambridgeIELTS11

審題步驟：

1.確定比較對(duì)象：A–fieldofscience(科學(xué)領(lǐng)域)、B–fieldofart(藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域)

2.確定比較規(guī)律：科學(xué)的含義比藝術(shù)的含義更簡單被人們理解(easiertofindmeaning)。

除了上述較明顯的比較關(guān)系詞外，出題人還會(huì)使用較隱晦的表達(dá)闡述比較關(guān)系，用以干擾考生的推斷。因此，在審題時(shí)還需留意下列具有隱含比較關(guān)系的表達(dá)：

preferto…

compareto/comparewith/contrast

similarto…/similarly

superiorto/inferiorto

unusual

同樣，考生在判定題干存在比較關(guān)系后，需標(biāo)記題中的比較對(duì)象并明確比較規(guī)律。如：

35.Teacherssaytheyprefersuggestopediatotraditionalapproachestolanguageteaching.

–Test1,Cambridge7

1.確定比較對(duì)象：A–suggestopedia(示意教學(xué))、B–traditionalapproaches(傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法)

2.確定比較規(guī)律：示意教學(xué)比傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法更受老師喜愛(teacherssaytheyprefer)。

二、借助以下2種解題思路幫助解題：

1.題干中A、B存在比較關(guān)系但原文A、B不存在比較關(guān)系時(shí)，答案應(yīng)為未提及——NOTGIVEN。

先看個(gè)簡潔的例子：

題干：喜茶比星爸爸貴得多。

原文：我的意中人是個(gè)蓋世英雄，有一天他會(huì)踏著七彩祥云，排好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)，左手拿著喜茶，右手拿著星爸爸，送過來給我喝。

分析：題干對(duì)“喜茶”和“星爸爸”的價(jià)格進(jìn)行比較，得出“喜茶”更貴的結(jié)論。而原文中雖有消失兩家網(wǎng)紅飲品店的名字，但并比較兩家店的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，也沒有提及與錢相關(guān)的信息，由此可推斷該題答案為NOTGIVEN。

再看劍橋真題：

39.Itiseasiertofindmeaninginthefieldofsciencethaninthefieldofart.

“abstractartoffersbothachallengeandthefreedomtoplaywithdifferentinterpretations.Insomeways,it’snotsodifferenttoscience,whereweareconstantlylookingforsystemsanddecodingmeaningsothatwecanviewandappreciatetheworldinanewway.”

–Test2，CambridgeIELTS11

分析：

如前文提到，該題題干的比較關(guān)系是：科學(xué)的含義比藝術(shù)的含義更簡單被人們理解。原文也的確提到了藝術(shù)(abstractart)和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域(science)，但未就兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域破譯(decoding)的難易程度進(jìn)行比較，所以本題答案為NOTGIVEN。

2.題干A、B存在比較關(guān)系且原文A、B也存在比較關(guān)系時(shí)，即可排解NOTGIVEN。這時(shí)，可通過對(duì)比兩者的比較方式以確定答案應(yīng)為TRUE/YES還是FALSE/NO：

1)如題干和原文使用相同的比較規(guī)律，則可判定題目答案為TRUE/YES。如：

40.Inthefollow-upclass,theteachingactivitiesaresimilartothoseusedinconventionalclasses.

“Somehoursafterthetwo-partsession,thereisafollow-upclassatwhichthestudentsarestimulatedtorecallthematerialpresented.Onceagaintheapproachisindirect.Thestudentsdonotfocustheirattentionontryingtorememberthevocabulary,butfocusonusingthelanguagetocommunicate(e.g.throughgamesorimproviseddramatisations).Suchmethodsarenotunusualinlanguageteaching.“

–Test1,CambridgeIELTS7

分析：

通過題干中similarto(隱含比較關(guān)系)可判定本題為比較關(guān)系——follow-upclasses(跟進(jìn)課堂)和conventionalclasses(傳統(tǒng)課堂)兩者的教學(xué)活動(dòng)相像。許多同學(xué)會(huì)由于原文沒有明顯對(duì)比詞就兩者的教學(xué)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行比較而誤判為NOTGIVEN。但原文第3句介紹了跟進(jìn)課堂為“notfocustheirattentionontryingtorememberthevocabulary,butfocusonusingthelanguagetocommunicate(不死記單詞，用語言來溝通)”;且第4句提到這些方法“notunusual(不罕見)”，即這些方法非常常見。由此可推斷跟進(jìn)課堂使用了與傳統(tǒng)語言教學(xué)相像(similar)的教學(xué)方法，比較規(guī)律全都，可判定答案為TRUE。

2)若題干和原文的比較規(guī)律相反或相斥，則可判定答案為FALSE/NO。如：

40.Amanager’sapprovalofanideaismorepersuasivethanthatofacolleague.

“Ifyourprojectisbeingresisted,forexample,byagroupofveteranemployees,askanotherold-timertospeakupforit.Cialdiniisnotaloneinadvocatingthisstrategy.Researchshowsthatpeerpower,usedhorizontallynotvertically,ismuchmorepowerfulthananyboss’sspeech.”

–Test1,CambridgeIELTS10

分析：

題干就比較對(duì)象manager(管理人員)以及colleague(同事)進(jìn)行比較：管理人員對(duì)項(xiàng)目的認(rèn)可比同事的morepersuasive(更有說服力)。原文第1句“假如項(xiàng)目被資深員工拒絕，那就爭取另一個(gè)資格更老的人的支持”，以此說明來自員工支持的重要性。下一句提到“peerpower(同事的力氣)”比“anyboss’sspeech(任何一個(gè)老板的話)”都更加有力，即同事提出的意見比老板更有說服力，與題干的比較規(guī)律相反，由此可判定答案為NO.

雅思索試閱讀模擬試題

newweapontofightcancer

1.Britishscientistsarepreparingtolaunchtrialsofaradicalnewwaytofightcancer,whichkillstumoursbyinfectingthemwithviruseslikethecommoncold.

2.Ifsuccessful,virustherapycouldeventuallyformathirdpillaralongsideradiotherapyandchemotherapyinthestandardarsenalagainstcancer,whileavoidingsomeofthedebilitatingside-effects.

3.LeonardSeymour,aprofessorofgenetherapyatOxfordUniversity,whohasbeenworkingonthevirustherapywithcolleaguesinLondonandtheUS,willleadthetrialslaterthisyear.CancerResearchUKsaidyesterdaythatitwasexcitedbythepotentialofProfSeymourspioneeringtechniques.

4.Oneofthecountrysleadinggeneticists,ProfSeymourhasbeenworkingwithvirusesthatkillcancercellsdirectly,whileavoidingharmtohealthytissue.Inprinciple,youvegotsomethingwhichcouldbemanytimesmoreeffectivethanregularchemotherapy,hesaid.

5.Cancer-killingvirusesexploitthefactthatcancercellssuppressthebodyslocalimmunesystem.Ifacancerdoesntdothat,theimmunesystemwipesitout.Ifyoucangetavirusintoatumour,virusesfindthemaverygoodplacetobebecausetheresnoimmunesystemtostopthemreplicating.YoucanregarditasthecancersAchillesheel.

6.Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer.Theyreplicate,yougetamillioncopiesineachcellandthecellburstsandtheyinfectthetumourcellsadjacentandrepeattheprocess,saidProfSeymour.

7.Preliminaryresearchonmiceshowsthatthevirusesworkwellontumoursresistanttostandardcancerdrugs.Itsaninterestingpossibilitythattheymayhaveanadvantageinkillingdrug-resistanttumours,whichcouldbequitedifferenttoanythingwevehadbefore.

8.Researchershaveknownforsometimethatvirusescankilltumourcellsandsomeaspectsoftheworkhavealreadybeenpublishedinscientificjournals.Americanscientistshavepreviouslyinjectedvirusesdirectlyintotumoursbutthistechniquewillnotworkifthecancerisinaccessibleorhasspreadthroughoutthebody.

9.ProfSeymoursinnovativesolutionistomaskthevirusfromthebodysimmunesystem,effectivelyallowingthevirusestodowhatchemotherapydrugsdo-spreadthroughthebloodandreachtumourswherevertheyare.Thebighurdlehasalwaysbeentofindawaytodelivervirusestotumoursviathebloodstreamwithoutthebodysimmunesystemdestroyingthemontheway.

10.Whatwevedoneismakechemicalmodificationstothevirustoputapolymercoataroundit-itsastealthviruswhenyouinjectit,hesaid.

11.Afterthestealthvirusinfectsthetumour,itreplicates,butthecopiesdonothavethechemicalmodifications.Iftheyescapefromthetumour,thecopieswillbequicklyrecognisedandmoppedupbythebodysimmunesystem.

12.Thetherapywouldbeespeciallyusefulforsecondarycancers,calledmetastases,whichsometimesspreadaroundthebodyafterthefirsttumourappears.Theresanawfulstatisticofpatientsinthewest...withmalignantcancers;75%ofthemgoontodiefrommetastases,saidProfSeymour.

13.Twovirusesarelikelytobeexaminedinthefirstclinicaltrials:adenovirus,whichnormallycausesacold-likeillness,andvaccinia,whichcausescowpoxandisalsousedinthevaccineagainstsmallpox.Forsafetyreasons,bothwillbedisabledtomakethemlesspathogenicinthetrial,butProfSeymoursaidheeventuallyhopestousenaturalviruses.

14.Thefirsttrialswilluseuncoatedadenovirusandvacciniaandwillbedeliveredlocallytolivertumours,inordertoestablishwhetherthetreatmentissafeinhumansandwhatdoseofviruswillbeneeded.Severalmoreyearsoftrialswillbeneeded,eventuallyalsoonthepolymer-coatedviruses,beforethetherapycanbeconsideredforuseintheNHS.Thoughtheapproachwillbeexaminedatfirstforcancersthatdonotrespondtoconventionaltreatments,ProfSeymourhopesthatonedayitmightbeappliedtoallcancers.

Questions1-6Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions1-6write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

1.Virustherapy,ifsuccessful,hasanadvantageineliminatingside-effects.

2.CancerResearchUKisquitehopefulaboutProfessorSeymour’sworkonthevirustherapy.

3.Viruscankillcancercellsandstopthemfromgrowingagain.

4.Cancer’sAchilles’heelreferstothefactthatvirusmaystaysafelyinatumorandreplicate.

5.Toinfectthecancercells,agooddealofvirusesshouldbeinjectedintothetumor.

6.Researchesonanimalsindicatethatviruscouldbeusedasanewwaytotreatdrug-resistanttumors.

Question7-9Basedonthereadingpassage,choosetheappropriateletterfromA-Dforeachanswer.

7.Informationaboutresearchesonviruseskillingtumorcellscanbefound

(A)onTV

(B)inmagazines

(C)oninternet

(D)innewspapers

8.Totreattumorsspreadingoutinbody,researcherstryto

(A)changethebody’immunesystem

(B)injectchemotherapydrugsintobloodstream.

(C)increasetheamountofinjection

(D)disguisethevirusesonthewaytotumors.

9.Whenthechemicalmodifiedvirusintumorreplicates,thecopies

(A)willsoonescapefromthetumorandspreadout.

(B)willbewipedoutbythebody’simmunesystem.

(C)willbeimmediatelyrecognizedbytheresearchers.

(D)willeventuallystopthetumorfromspreadingout.

雅思索試閱讀模擬試題

Questions10-13Completethesentencesbelow.Chooseyouranswersfromthelistofwords.Youcanonlyuseeachwordonce.

NBTherearemorewordsinthelistthanspacessoyouwillnotusethemall.

Inthefirstclinicaltrials,scientistswilltryto……10……adenovirusandvaccinia,soboththeviruseswillbelesspathogenicthanthe……11…….Theseuncoatedviruseswillbeapplieddirectlytocertainareastoconfirmsafetyonhumanbeingsandtheright……12……needed.Theexperimentswillfirstlybe……13……tothetreatmentofcertaincancers

ListofWords

dosagerespondingsmallpoxvirus

disablenaturalonesinject

directedtreatmentcold-likeillness

killpatientsexamined

AnswersKeys:

1.答案：FALSE(見第2段：Ifsuccessful,virustherapycouldeventuallyformathirdpillaralongsideradiotherapyandchemotherapyinthestandardarsenalagainstcancer,whileavoidingsomeofthedebilitatingside-effects.Virustherapy只能避開一些副作用，而不是根除。)

2.答案：TRUE(見第3段，特殊是最終一句：CancerResearchUKsaidyesterdaythatitwasexcitedbythepotentialofProfSeymourspioneeringtechniques.)

3.答案：NOTGIVEN(文中沒有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞再生長)

4.答案：TRUE(見第5段第3、4句：這里“cancer’sAchillesheel”指“Ifyoucangetavirusintoatumour,virusesfindthemaverygoodplacetobebecausetheresnoimmunesystemtostopthemreplicating.”Achillesheel的意思是“唯全都命弱點(diǎn)”)

5.答案：FALSE(見第6段第第1句：Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer.)

6.答案：TRUE(見第7段：Preliminaryresearchonmiceshowsthatthevirusesworkwellontumoursresistanttostandardcancerdrug.……,whichcouldbequitedifferenttoanythingwevehadbefore.)

7.答案：B(見第8段第1、2句