軟件工程復習英文

軟件工程復習英文Lecture1AnIntroductiontoSoftwareEngineeringoncernSoftwareengineeringisconcernedwiththeoriesmethodsandtoolsforprofessionalsoftwaredevelopment.2)Softwareengineeringisconcernedwithcost-effectivesoftwaredevelopment.2are①computerprogramsdatastructuressoftwareproductsGenericsoftware(通用軟件)andcustomsoftware(定制軟件)mentsofasuccessfulsoftwareprojectaretivitiesinallsoftwareprocessesareSpecification(描述),Development(開發(fā)),Validation(有效性驗證),Evolution (進化)6Theattributesofgoodsoftwareinclude:Maintainability(可維護性),Dependability(可依賴性),Efficiency(有效性),Acceptability(可接受性)Lecture2SoftwareProcessesctrepresentationofasoftwareprocessItpresentsadescriptionofaprocessfromsomeparticularperspective.2DrawthegraphicpresentationofWaterfallmodelanddescribeitsr1)這種模型把軟件過程劃分成幾個順序的階段。階段間具有依賴性，前一個階段結2)這種模型很難對用戶變更做出調整，只適用于需求非常清楚和需求變更被嚴格限制3Describethebasicprincipleofevolutionarydevelopmentanditssentationofincrementaldeliveryanddescribe在這種開發(fā)方式中，系統(tǒng)不是作為一個整體交付，而是被分解成若干個增量，每個增量交付系統(tǒng)的部分功能。用戶的需求按優(yōu)先級排隊，優(yōu)先級最高的需求被放入最早交付的增量中。這樣，優(yōu)先級最高的系統(tǒng)功能就得到最多的測試，系統(tǒng)的可靠性較高。 照模型去理解)ratherthanasasequenceofactivitieswithbacktracking.2)Eachloopinthespiralrepresentsaphaseintheprocess.3)Nofixedphasessuchasspecificationordesign-loopsinthespiralarechosendependingonwhatisrequired.Risksareexplicitlyassessedandresolvedthroughouttheprocess.1Drawthegraphicpresentationofrequirementengineeringprocess.2Describethedifferenceoffunctionalrequirements,non-functionalrequirementsessstandardsetcystemrequirements)Indirectviewpointssshoulddescribefunctionalandnonfunctionalrequirementsinsuchawaythattheyareunderstandablebysystemuserswhodon’thavedetailedtechnicalknowledge.mentsaredefinedusingnaturallanguagetablesanddiagramsasthesecanbeunderstoodbyallusers.Systemrequirementsaremoredetailedspecificationsofsystemfunctions,servicesandconstraintsthanuserrequirements.Theyareintendedtobeabasisfordesigningthesystem.Theymaybeincorporatedintothesystemcontract.SystemrequirementsmaybedefinedorillustratedusingsystemmodelsDescribetheprocessactivitiesofrequirementselicitation.s1)Requirementsdiscovery(需求發(fā)現(xiàn))irementsDomainrequirementsarealsodiscoveredatthisstage.rganizationGroupsrelatedrequirementsandorganisesthemintocoherentclusters.3)Prioritisationandnegotiation(優(yōu)先排序和沖突解決)requirementsandresolvingrequirementsconflictsRequirementsaredocumentedandinputintothenextroundofthespiral.andwhatarethetypesofviewpointsrementstorepresenttheperspectivesofoldersmaybeclassifiedunderdifferentviewpointsPeopleorothersystemsthatinteractdirectlywiththesystem.InanATM,thecustomer’sandtheaccountdatabaseareinteractorVPs.derswhodonotusethesystemthemselvesbutwhoinfluencethenanATMmanagementandsecuritystaffareindirectviewpoints)DomainviewpointsDomaincharacteristicsandconstraintsthatinfluencetherequirements.InanATM,anexamplewouldbestandardsforinter-bankcommunications.5WritedownatleastfourprinciplesofdelaminatedDFD.④在數(shù)據流圖中，需按層給加工框編號。編號表明該加工處在哪一層，以及上下層的⑤規(guī)定任何一個數(shù)據流子圖必須與它上一層的一個加工對應，兩者的輸入數(shù)據流和輸和數(shù)據文件的名字應當是“名詞”或“名詞性6Accordingtothedecisiontable,drawthedecisiontree.ataretheattributesofagoodSRSSystemRequirementstion1DescribethetwoscaleparameterofIndependencyandexplainwhyweneedfineindependency.模塊獨立性可用兩個定量準則來度量：耦合(coupling)和內聚(cohesion)。結構中各個模塊之間相互關聯(lián)程度的一種度量。內聚性是信息隱藏內聚性越強，耦合性越弱，獨立性越強。獨立性好的模塊對其它的模塊依賴性小，修改時對其它模塊的影響小，易于修改和nesubsystemsmakingupasystemandtobuildtheframeworkstemcontrolandcommunication3Describethebasiccharacterofrepositorymodel.traldatabaseorrepositoryandmaybeaccessedbyallsub-systems4DescribethebasiccomposingofClient-servermodel.Setofstand-aloneserverswhichprovidespecificservicessuchasprinting,datamanagement,etc.Setofclientswhichcallontheseservices.Networkwhichallowsclientstoaccessservers.5DescribethecharactersofAbstractmachine(layered)model1)Thissetofservicesofcontrolmodel.lityforcontrolandrtsandstopsothersubsystemstypesofsoftwarereuse.ApplicationsystemreuseThewholeofanapplicationsystemmaybereusedeitherbyincorporatingitwithoutchangeintoothersystems(COTSreuse)orbydevelopingapplicationfamilies.ComponentreuseComponentsofanapplicationfromsub-systemstosingleobjectsmaybereused.ObjectandfunctionreuseSoftwarecomponentsthatimplementasinglewell-definedobjectorfunctionmaybereused.hatisframeworkclassesandtheinterfacesbetweenthemDrawanddescribethegraphicamework三個基本組件：控制器、模型和視圖1)控制器：代表應用程序的邏輯部分，它定義了一個用戶如何和程序進行交互并且定義了用戶行為是如何映射到模型；2)模型：負責對數(shù)據模型和所有用來確定應用程序狀態(tài)的信息進行管理；3)視圖：從不同的角度對存儲在模型中的數(shù)據進行展示。Drawthegraphicpresentationofuserinterfacedesignprocess.12Errormessagesshouldbepolite,concise,consistentandconstructive.Lecture5Object-orientedAnalysisandDesign1Comparedwithtraditionalstructuraldevelopingmethods，whatareadvantagesofentedmethods求變化影響限制在對象內裝性和消息傳遞造成低耦合，錯誤定位和修改容易；繼承與多態(tài)使得功DescribetheultimatelypurposeofUMLUML種標準使得系統(tǒng)構造者能夠用標準的、易于理解的方式建立能表達出他們想象力的系統(tǒng)藍圖，并使客戶、分析員、設計人員、程序員和系統(tǒng)其它涉及者能夠相互理解和達成一Lecture6SoftwareImplementationandValidation1Eachprogramcomponentinvolvesatleastthreemajoraspects:controlstructures,algorithms,anddatastructures.2Describethedifferencebetweenverificationandvalidation.conformtoitsspecificationValidationThesoftwareshoulddowhattheuserreallyrequires3ThetwomethodsinV&Vprocessare:ncernedwithanalysisofthestaticsystemrepresentationtostaticverificationSoftwaretestingisconcernedwithexercisinghaviourThesystemisexecutedwithtestdataanditsperationalbehaviourisobserveddynamicverificationDrawthegraphicnofsoftwaretestingprocess 5Thetwophasesofsystemtestingareintegrationtestingand 6Inintegrationtesting,tosimplifyerrorlocalisation,systems shouldbe增量集成.7Describethebasecomposingoftestcaseand thebaseprincipleofequivalencepartitiontesting.數(shù)據，8Describethedifferencebetweenblack-boxtestingandwhite-boxtesting.黑盒測試又叫做功能測試，測試者只關心系統(tǒng)的功能而不關心軟件的實現(xiàn)。也就是說測試者不必了解有關系統(tǒng)的任何細節(jié)，只把系統(tǒng)看成是一個能夠處理輸入，產生輸出。。把被測試組件看成是一個打開的“白盒子”，組件的內部結構對測試者是透明9Describethebasicprincipleofbasispathtestingandcalculatethemberofbasispathsinthefi